Task 1.

Interpret the following graph in detail:

(i) Identify the domain and range.

The domain of a function is the set of all possible input values (x-values), and the range is the
set of all possible output values (y-values).

By examining the graph, we can see that the domain comprises every x-value between the left
and rightmost points. From the graph's lowest point to its highest point, the range comprises
all of the y-values.

Thus, The Domain is (-∞,∞) and the Range is (-∞,∞).

(ii) Does this graph represent a function and a one-one function. Why/Why not?
Provide a detailed explanation/justification.

A function is a relation in which each input has a single output; a one-one function is a
function in which each input has a unique output, i.e., no two different inputs can have the
same output. The vertical line test can be used to determine whether a graph represents a
function; if a vertical line intersects the graph more than once, the graph does not represent a
function. The horizontal line test can be used to determine whether a graph represents a one-
one function; if a horizontal line intersects the graph more than once, the graph does not
represent a one-one function (Abramson, 2023).

The graph represents a function: The graph represents a function because there is exactly
one output (y-value) for every input (x-value) after it has been examined using the
vertical line tests. The fact that there are no multiple intersections of any vertical line on the
graph indicates this (Abramson, 2023).
The graph does not represent a one-one function: The graph does not represent a one-one
function when examined using the horizontal line test because certain horizontal lines cross
the graph more than once (Abramson, 2023).

Task 2. Imagine that the export of Avocados from Indonesia is described by the relation:

E(P) = P - 10000, P ≥10000 where P represents the production (in thousand) of Avocados.

On the basis of the above scenario, answer the following questions:

(i) Draw the graph of E(P).

(Use graphing tool for drawing the graphs, use a scale where each unit represents one
thousand on both the X and Y axes (Ex: consider 1 = 1000).

Solution:

Each unit in the graph presents 1000 such that the input used was E(P) = P - 10

Using the graph:

(ii) Determine if E(P) is a function of P.

To determine if E(P) is a function of P we need to check if each input value of P (production)

corresponds to exactly one output value of E(P) (export). In this case, the function is defined
as E(P) = P - 10000 for P ≥ 10000. Since each production value has a unique export value,
E(P) is indeed a function of P (Abramson, 2023).

(iii) Find the domain and range of E(P).

The domain of E(P) represents all possible input values for P. In this case, the production of
avocados can be any value greater than or equal to 10000, so the domain is P ≥ 10000. The
range of E(P) represents all possible output values. Since E(P) = P - 10000, the smallest
possible value of E(P) occurs when P = 10000, resulting in E(P) = 0. As P increases, E(P)
increases without bound. Therefore, the range is E(P) ≥ 0 (Abramson, 2023).

(iv) Find how much export is done for 70 and 20 thousand of production.

Solution:

Given the function E(P) = P - 10,000 for P ≥ 10,000:

For 70,000 units of production:

E(70,000) = 70,000 - 10,000 = 60,000

So, 60,000 units of avocados would be exported when the production is 70,000.

For 20,000 units of production:

E(20,000) = 20,000 - 10,000 = 10,000

So, 10,000 units of avocados would be exported when the production is 20,000.

(v) What are dependent and independent variables in this problem?

Because the export (E) in this problem is dependent on the production (P), the independent
variable, the value of the export is the dependent value of production. Thus, export (E) is the
dependent variable and production (P) is the independent variable (Abramson, 2023).

Task 3. The following graph (representing f and g) illustrates the relationship between the
weights (y in tons) of two animals and their respective lengths (x in feet).

(i) In the event of intersection on the graph, determine the rates of change in length
concerning weight for both categories. What conclusions can be drawn from this?

Solution:
By calculating the derivatives of the functions with respect to weight, we can determine the
rates of change in length for both functions at the intersection with respect to weight.

Given

Function for f: y = x2

Function for g: y = 5x

Let's calculate the derivatives at the intersection of (5, 25).

For f:

f(x) = x2

df/dy = 2x

At the point of intersection (5, 25):

df/dy = 2 *5 = 10

Therefore, at the point of intersection, the rate of change in length with respect to weight for
function f is 10 feet per ton.

For g:

g(x) = 5x

dg/dy = 5

At the point of intersection (5, 25):

dg/dy = 5

Therefore, at the point of intersection, the rate of change in length with respect to weight for
function g is 5 feet per ton.

Conclusion:

When it comes to weight, the quadratic function f represents a faster growth in length than
the linear function g. This implies that, in comparison to the animal represented by function
g, the animal represented by function f may experience a faster increase in length as its
weight increases.

(ii) Select any two points on each of the graphs f and g (designated as C and D on f, and
E and F on g, excluding O and A), and calculate the slopes of the lines CD and EF
connecting them. What insights can be inferred about their slopes within the context of
the problem? Please discuss your findings.
Solution:

For function f (y = x2)

Let point C be (2,4)

Let point D be (4,16)

Slope for CD:

mCD = (yD – yC) / (xD – xC)

mCD = (16 – 4) / (4 – 2)

mCD = 12/2

mCD = 6

For function g (y = 5x)

Let point E be (1,5)

Let point F be (3,15)

Slope for EF:

mCD = (yF – yE) / (xF – xE)

mCD = (15 – 5) / (3 – 1)

mCD = 10/2

mCD = 5

Slope of line CD connecting two points on function f (y = x2) is 6

Slope of line EF connecting two points on function g (y = 5x) is 5

Insight:

Function f has a steeper slope than function g, meaning that compared to function g, function
f increases in weight with length at a faster rate during the specified intervals. This implies
that, in the context of the issue, animals represented by function f may grow longer than
animals represented by function g for a given increase in weight.

Task 4. Use the following graph to explain the local extrema of the function at the given
points. Explain clearly how they differ from maximum and minimum values of
function. Determine the intervals of all extrema shown in the graph (mention the intervals
with the names Ex: (A, B) and specify whether they are increasing or decreasing).
The graph appears to be oscillating or periodic, switching between peaks and valleys, based
on the coordinates provided. Every point alternates between the function's maximum and
minimum values.

Local Extrema:

 The function appears to reach a local maximum at points A, C, E, and G, where it

does so within a specific interval.
 The function appears to reach a local minima at points B, D, F, and H, where it
reaches its lowest point within a specific interval.

Difference from Maximum and Minimum Values:

 Points within a given interval where the function's value is either higher or lower than
its neighboring points are known as local extrema. They don't always indicate the
highest point or lowest point of the graph.
 Conversely, maximum and minimum values denote the function's exact highest and
lowest points over its entire domain.

Intervals of Extrema:

 The segments that occur at increasing and decreasing intervals between successive
extrema alternate.
 Here are the intervals between the extrema:

Between A and B: decreasing interval

Between B and C: increasing interval
Between C and D: decreasing interval
Between D and E: increasing interval
Between E and F: decreasing interval
Between F and G: increasing interval
Between G and H: decreasing interval

(Abramson, 2023).

Task 5.

a. Individuals earning up to $2200 are taxed at a flat rate of 10% of their income.

b. For those with incomes exceeding $2200 and up to $8945, the taxation scheme is
bifurcated:

The first $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.

The remainder, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at a rate of 18.5%.

c. If an individual's income surpasses $8945, the taxation policy is delineated as follows:

The initial $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.

The subsequent income, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at 18.5%.

Any income exceeding $8945 is taxed at a rate of 30%.

Based on the above scenario, answer the following questions:

(i) Represent the above rule that country W has made as a piecewise function
mathematically using the symbol ≤ or any other relevant symbol.

The following is an expression for the piecewise function that represents country W's taxation
policy:

{
0.10 x if x ≤ 2200
f(x) = 0.10 × 2200+0.185 ( x−2200 ) if 2200< x ≤8945
0.10 ×2200+0.185 × ( 8945−2200 )+ 0.30 ( x−8945 ) if x >8945

(Stitz & Zeager, 2013).

(ii) Take any income that comes in each slab from the country W and calculate the tax
for each segment.

Solution:

For income up to $2200:

Tax rate: 10%

Income: $2000

Tax = 0.10 * $2000 = $200

For income exceeding $2200 and up to $8945:

First $2200 taxed at 10%

Remaining income taxed at 18.5%

Income: $5000

Tax on first $2200 = 0.10 * $2200 = $220

Tax on remaining ($5000 - $2200) = 0.185 * ($5000 - $2200) = $477.50

 Total tax = $220 + $477.50 = $697.50

For income exceeding $8945:

First $2200 taxed at 10%

Income between $2200 and $8945 taxed at 18.5%

Remaining income taxed at 30%

Income: $10000

Tax on first $2200 = 0.10 * $2200 = $220

Tax on income between $2200 and $8945 = 0.185 * ($8945 - $2200) = $1387.25

Tax on remaining ($10000 - $8945) = 0.30 * ($10000 - $8945) = $166.50

Total tax = $220 + $1387.25 + $166.50 = $1773.75

References:

Abramson, J. (2023). Algebra and trigonometry (2nd

ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/algebra-and-trigonometry-2e licensed
under CC 4.0

Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source
Mathematics. https://stitz-zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf