Grammar plus answer key

Unit 1 Unit 4
1 Past tense 1 Simple past vs. present perfect
2. did you grow up/are you from 1. A: What did you have for dinner last night?
3. Did you live B: I tried Indian food for the first time. Have you ever had
4. When did you move it?
5. did you go A: A friend and I ate at an Indian restaurant just last week. It
6. when did you come/get was delicious!
2 Used to 2. A: Have you ever taken a cooking class?
1. A: Hey, Dad. What kinds of clothes did you use to wear – B: No, I haven’t. How about you?
you know, when you were a kid? A: I have taken a few classes. My last class was in
B: Oh, we used to wear jeans and T-shirts – like you kids do December. We learned how to make some wonderful
now. Spanish dishes.
A: Really? Did Mom use to dress like that, too? 3. A: I watched a great cooking show on TV yesterday.
B: No, not really. She never used to like wearing pants. She B: Really? I have never seen a cooking show. Was it
always used to wear skirts and dresses. boring?
2. A: Did you use to play a sport when you were a kid? A: No, it wasn’t. It was very interesting!
B: Well, I used to be a swimmer. My sister and I used to 2 Sequence adverbs
swim on a team. Step 1: First, put 2 pounds of chopped beef in a bowl.
A: Wow, that’s cool! Were you good? Step 2: Then add salt and pepper to the meat in the bowl.
B: Yeah. I used to win gold medals all the time. And my Step 3: Next, mix the meat and the salt and pepper together.
sister used to be the fastest swimmer on the team. Step 4: After that, form the meat into four burgers with your
hands.
Unit 2 Step 5: Finally, put the burgers in a pan and cook for 10 minutes.
1 Expressions of quantity
1. A: There’s too much traffic in this city. There should be Unit 5
fewer cars downtown. 1 Future with be going to and will
B: The problem is there isn’t enough public transportation. B: I’m not sure. I’m really tired, so I probably won’t do
A: You’re right. We should have more buses. There aren’t anything exciting. Maybe I’ll see a movie on Saturday. How
enough of them during rush hour. about you? How are you going to spend your weekend?
2. A: How do you like your new neighborhood? A: My wife and I are going to do some work on our house.
B: It’s terrible, actually. There’s too much noise and too We’re going to paint the living room on Saturday. On
little parking. Sunday, we’re going to clean all the rugs.
A: That’s too bad. There aren’t enough parking spaces in B: Are(n’t) you going to do anything fun?
my neighborhood either. A: Oh, I think we’ll have/’re going to have a lot of fun. We like
3. A: Did you hear about the changes to the city center? working around the house. And Sunday’s my birthday, so
Starting next month, there will be more bicycle lanes and we’re going to have dinner at my favorite Italian restaurant.
less street parking. B: Now that sounds like fun!
B: That’s good. There is too much pollution downtown. I’m 2 Modals for necessity and suggestions
sure there will be fewer accidents, too. 1. You must show identification at the airport. They won’t
A: That’s true. allow you on a plane without an official ID.
2 Indirect questions from Wh-questions 2. Your ID needs to have a picture of you on it. It’s required.
Answers may vary. Some possible answers: 3. The picture of you has to be recent. They won’t accept an
2. And could you tell me where I can find a good restaurant? old photo.
3. Do you know what the name of the restaurant is? 4. Travelers should get to the airport at least two hours before
4. Can you tell me what type of food they serve? their flight. It’s not a good idea to get there later than that.
5. Do you know what time the restaurant opens? 5. All travelers have to go through airport security. It’s
necessary for passenger safety.
Unit 3 6. Many airlines don’t serve food, so passengers on long flights
probably ought to buy something to eat at the airport.
1 Evaluations and comparisons
A
Answers may vary. Some possible answers: Unit 6
2. This street isn’t quiet enough./This street is too noisy. 1 Two-part verbs; will for responding to requests
3. This house doesn’t have enough bedrooms./This house is too 2. A: Turn on the lights, please.
small for us./This house has too few bedrooms for us. B: OK. I’ll turn them on.
4. This living room isn’t spacious enough./This living room 3. A: Please turn down your music.
doesn’t have enough space./This living room is too cramped/ B: OK. I’ll turn it down.
small. 4. A: Clean the kitchen up, please.
B B: OK. I’ll clean it up.
Answers may vary. Some possible answers: 5. A: Turn your phone off, please.
2. My old neighborhood isn’t as safe as this one. B: OK. I’ll turn it off.
3. This apartment has (just) as much privacy as my old one. 2 Requests with modals and Would you mind . . . ?
4. My rent isn’t as high as it used to be. 2. Would you mind putting your shoes by the door?
2 Wish 3. Would you mind not leaving dishes in the sink?
2. f 3. b 4. e 5. a 6. d 4. Can you change the TV channel?
5. Would you mind not playing ball inside?
6. Would you mind cleaning up your mess?
7. Can you put away the clean towels?
8. Could you pick up your things?

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T-148 Grammar plus answer key
Unit 7 2 Conditional sentences with if clauses
2. If you join a gym, exercise will become part of your routine.
1 Infinitives and gerunds for uses and purposes 3. You won’t have to worry about staying in shape if you work
2. a. I use my smartphone/it to take pictures. out three or four times a week.
b. I use my smartphone/it for taking pictures. 4. If you ride a bike or run a few times a week, you’ll lose
3. a. You use a flash drive/it to back up files. weight and gain muscle.
b. You use a flash drive/it for backing up files. 5. You’ll sleep better at night if you exercise regularly.
4. a. He would only use a laptop/it to watch movies and 6. If you start exercising, you might not have as many colds
play games. and other health problems.
b. He would only use a laptop/it for watching movies and
playing games.
5. a. I use my computer/it to shop online and do research.
Unit 10
b. I use my computer/it for shopping online and doing 1 Gerunds; short responses
research. 2. A: I’m not interested in reading about politics or politicians.
B: Neither am I.
2 Imperatives and infinitives for giving suggestions
3. A: I’m good at solving problems.
2. Try not to talk on the phone when you’re in an elevator.
B: So am I.
3. Be sure not to eat or drink anything when you’re at the
4. A: I don’t mind working on weekends.
computer.
B: Neither do I.
4. Remember to clean your computer screen and keyboard
5. A: I enjoy learning new things.
once a week.
B: So do I.
5. Make sure not to use your tablet outside when it’s raining.
6. A: I’m not good at developing new ideas.
6. When the bell rings to start class, be sure to put your music
B: Neither am I.
player away!
2 Clauses with because
Unit 8 2. I wouldn’t make a good high school teacher because I’m not
patient enough to work with kids.
1 Relative clauses of time 3. I wouldn’t want to be a flight attendant because I’m afraid of
2. It’s a wonderful time when people give thanks for the good flying.
things in their lives. 4. I could never be an accountant because I’m really bad with
3. It’s a day when everyone eats much more than usual. numbers.
4. I remember one particular year when the whole family came 5. I would make a bad journalist because I don’t write very
to our house. well.
5. That year was very cold when it snowed all Thanksgiving day. 6. I’d be an excellent lawyer because I love arguing with
6. I remember another thing about that Thanksgiving when my people.
brother and I baked eight pies.
2 Adverbial clauses of time Unit 11
2. a. Before the ceremony starts, students gather to put on
robes and special hats.
1 Passive with by (simple past)
2. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie in 1898.
b. Students gather to put on robes and special hats before
3. The first aspirin was made by Dr. Felix Hoffmann in 1899.
the ceremony starts.
4. The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in
3. a. When music plays, the students walk in a line to
1989.
their seats.
5. The planet Uranus was identified in 1781 by William Herschel.
b. The students walk in a line to their seats when
6. The opera Carmen was written by Georges Bizet in the
music plays.
1870s.
4. a. After school officials and teachers make speeches,
students get their diplomas. 2 Passive without by (simple present)
b. Students get their diplomas after school officials and 2. Diamonds and gold from South Africa are imported by
teachers make speeches. countries all over the world.
5. a. When the ceremony is finished, students throw their hats 3. The U.S. dollar is used in Puerto Rico.
into the air and cheer. 4. Colombia is known for its delicious coffee.
b. Students throw their hats into the air and cheer when the 5. Many electronic products are exported by Japan and Korea.
ceremony is finished. It’s an important industry for these two countries.
6. The economy in many island countries, such as Jamaica, is
Unit 9 based on tourism.
1 Time contrasts
Unit 12
A: I saw a fascinating program last night. It talked about the
past, the present, and the future. 1 Past continuous vs. simple past
B: What kinds of things did it describe? 2. A: Did you see the storm yesterday?
A: Well, for example, the normal work week in the 19th century B: Yes! It started while I was driving to work.
was/used to be over 60 hours. Nowadays, many people 3. A: We finally moved to a larger apartment.
work/are working around 40 hours a week. B: That’s good. I know you were living in a tiny place when
B: Well, that sounds like progress. your daughter was born.
A: You’re right. But on the show, they said that most people will 4. A: My sister had a bad accident. She hurt her back when
work/might work fewer hours in the future. They also talked she was lifting weights at the gym.
about the way we shop. These days, many of us shop online. B: That happened to me last year, but I wasn’t lifting
In the old days, there were no supermarkets, so people had weights. I was taking a boxing class, and I tripped.
to go/used to have to go to a lot of different stores. In the 2 Present perfect continuous
future, people will do/might do/are going to do all their 1. A: What have you been doing all day?
shopping from their phones. B: I’ve been cleaning the house, and Peter has been
B: I don’t believe that. watching TV. He hasn’t been feeling very well lately.
A: Me neither. What about cars? Do you think people will still A: How have you been feeling these days?
drive/are still going to drive cars a hundred years from B: I’ve been feeling great. I haven’t been eating any junk
now? food, and I’ve been exercising a lot. I’ve been taking
B: What did they say on the show? really good care of myself.
A: They said that before the car, people walked/used to
walk everywhere. Nowadays, we drive everywhere. And
that won’t change/isn’t going to change/’s not going to
change.

Grammar plus answer key 149

T-149
 2. A: How long have you and Joe been dating?
B: We’ve been going out together for almost a year. Can
Unit 15
you believe it? 1 Unreal conditional sentences with if clauses
A: Maya and I have been dating for even longer. I think it’s 1. A: If a friend asked to borrow some money, what would you
time to get married. We’ve been talking about it a lot say?
lately. B: Well, if I had any extra money that month, I would
B: Joe and I haven’t been talking about marriage, but I’ve probably give it to her.
been thinking about it. 2. A: What would/could you do if someone gave you a million
dollars?
Unit 13 B: Hmm, I’m not sure. I could/might buy a lot of nice
clothes and jewelry, or I could/might spend some and
1 Participles as adjectives give some away, or I could/might put it all in the bank.
2. Kristen Stewart is an amazing actress. I’m amazed by her 3. A: If you thought a friend was doing something dangerous,
talent. would you say something to him, or would you keep
3. Are you interested in computer-generated special effects? quiet?
The latest 3-D movies are very interesting. B: I would definitely talk to my friend about it.
4. I had an embarrassing experience the last time I went to the 4. A: What would you do if you had a problem with your
movies. I started to cough, and I couldn’t stop. I was really boss?
embarrassed. B: That’s a hard one. If that happened, I might/could talk
5. Julie and I saw an Italian comedy yesterday. I found it to the human resources department about it, or I might/
amusing, but Julie didn’t seem very amused by it. could just sit down with my boss and talk about the
6. Oh, I’m really disgusted with Jeremy right now. He took me situation.
to the most disgusting movie last night. I wanted to walk out
after half an hour, but he wouldn’t leave! 2 Past modals
7. Do you think sci-fi movie directors make their films confusing 2. You should have written a note and left the mail in your box.
intentionally? I get so confused by the complicated storylines 3. I would have told her the truth.
and weird characters. 4. I would have told her I wasn’t interested and hung up (the
8. I think that great books make great movies. If I find a book phone).
fascinating, I’m usually fascinated by the movie, too.
2 Relative pronouns for people and things
Unit 16
A: How did you like the movie last night? Was it any good? 1 Reported speech: requests
B: It wasn’t bad, but it’s not the kind of movie that makes you 2. Tyler said to meet him in the cafeteria at school at noon.
think. I like films that have a strong message and interesting 3. Tyler told him/Harry not to leave his shoes in the living room.
storylines. 4. Tyler said to hang up his wet towels.
A: How about the acting? Did you like the actors who star in it? 5. Tyler asked him/Harry to stop using his/Tyler’s phone.
B: Jessica Biel is pretty good, actually. 6. Tyler told him/Harry to make his bed on weekdays.
A: Oh, she’s that beautiful actress who is married to Justin 7. Tyler said not to eat his/Tyler’s food.
Timberlake. 8. Tyler told him/Harry to be a better roommate.
B: Justin who? Who’s that? 2 Reported speech: statements
A: Oh, you know him. He’s the one who was in the band ‘NSync 1. Lori said (that) she had to visit her grandparents that day.
years ago. It was a “boy band” that was popular in the Lori told them (that) she had to visit her grandparents that
1990s. day.
B: I remember ‘NSync, but I don’t remember the names of the 2. Mario said/told them (that) he was going to a play on Sunday.
guys who were in the band. 3. Julia said/told them (that) she had promised to take her
A: Well, I loved Justin Timberlake when I was a kid. And he’s not brother to the movies that day.
a bad actor. Did you see the movie The Social Network? 4. Daniel said/told them (that) he couldn’t come because he had
B: I did see that. It’s about the guys who started Facebook, to study for a huge exam on Monday.
right? I didn’t realize Justin Timberlake was in it. Now I’ll have 5. The neighbors said/told them (that) they would be out of
to see it again! town all weekend.
6. Alice said/told them (that) she might have to babysit her
Unit 14 nephew.
1 Modals and adverbs
1. a. Maybe it means she doesn’t agree with you.
b. It might mean she doesn’t agree with you.
c. It may mean she doesn’t agree with you.
2. a. That gesture probably means, “Come here.”
3. a. That must mean he doesn’t understand you.
2 Permission, obligation, and prohibition
1. A: Oh, no! That sign says, “No fishing.” That means we
can’t fish here.
B: You’re right. We’ve got to/have to go somewhere else
to fish. I think you’re allowed to/can fish in the pond on
Cedar Road. Let’s go there.
2. A: What does that sign mean?
B: It means bad news for us. It means you aren’t allowed to
bring dogs to the beach. We’d better take Buddy home.
3. A: Please don’t leave your garbage here. You’ve got to/
have to put it in the trash room down the hall. That’s one
of the building’s rules.
B: I’m really sorry.
4. A: You can put your bike in the bike room downstairs, if you
want. It’s much safer than locking it up outside.
B: Oh, that’s great! I’ll do that. I didn’t know about the
bike room.

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T-150 Grammar plus answer key