Republic Of Cameroon Republic Du Cameroun

Peace-Work -Fatherland Paix-Travail -Patrie

*********** ***********
Ministry Of Higher Education Ministére De L’enseignement Superieur
********** **********
University Institute Of The Tropics Institute Universitaire Des Grande
Ecoles Des Tropiques
*******

ACADEMIC INTERNSHIP REPORT

TOPIC: POINT OF SALES SYETEM ON A

RESTAURANT
st st
AN INTERNSHIP REPORT CARRIED OUT FROM THE 1 OCTBER 2024 TO THE 31
OF DECEMBER 2023 IN PATIAL FULFILME NT FOR THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND)

SPECIALTY: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY:

MANGET KLORANE AYUK

PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR
Eng. ASONGAFACK PATRICK LYONGA, Eng. ASONGAFACK PATRICK LYONGA
Director General PEFSCOM SYSTEM
COMPANY LTD

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that, this internship report entitled Design And implementation Of A Blog
Platform was originally written by MANGET KLORANE AYUK to meet up the partial
requirements and the regulations governing the award of the HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA
(HND) in SOFTWARE ENGINEERING at the IUGET and is therefore approved for its
contribution to knowledge and presentation.

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR

Mr. ASONGAFACK PATRICK Mr. ASONGAFACK

PATRICK

DATE: ______________________ DATE: ___________________________

SIGNATURE:_________________ SIGNATURE:______________________

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

DEDICATION

TO THE MANGET’S FAMILY

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I am deeply grateful to GOD Almighty, whose boundless grace, wisdom, and
strength have been the pillar of everything in my life. His guidance and unwavering support have
been the foundation upon which this project was built, and I am forever thankful for His
blessings throughout this journey.

I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to my supervisor, Mr. Patrick, for his invaluable
guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the course of this project. His insightful
feedback, constructive criticism, and unwavering belief in my abilities have been instrumental in
shaping the success of this work. Working under his supervision has been both an honor and a
privilege.

A special note of gratitude goes to my dear friend, ACHU PROMISE, who was a tremendous
help to me during this project. Your constant support, brilliant ideas, and encouragement kept me
motivated and focused, even during the most challenging times. Your presence has been a
beacon of positivity, and I am incredibly lucky to have had you by my side throughout this
endeavor.

To everyone who has supported me in one way or another, your contributions have not gone
unnoticed. Thank you all from the depths of my heart.

And to my beautiful family (MANGET FAMILY) who has been of financial support, moral
support and emotional support I say a very big THANK YOU to you all

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

ABSTRACT

The blog platform is a web-based application designed to enable users to write, edit, and publish
articles seamlessly. This project presents a comprehensive system that integrates key features
such as user authentication for secure access and a rich text editor powered by Quill, which
provides a user-friendly interface for formatting content. The platform also supports efficient
content management and ensures scalability for future enhancements.

To achieve the project’s objectives, the Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology
(SSADM) was adopted. The front end of the application was developed using HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript to ensure a responsive and intuitive user interface, while the back end was
implemented using PHP and MySQL, ensuring robust data management and server-side
functionality.

The development process included requirement gathering, system design, and iterative testing to
ensure optimal performance and usability. The completed system is poised to improve user
engagement in content creation and publication while maintaining data security and reliability.
Future recommendations include integrating advanced features such as real-time collaboration
and analytics for user activity tracking to further enhance the platform's functionality.

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

RESUME

La plateforme de blog est une application web conçue pour permettre aux utilisateurs d'écrire,
d'éditer et de publier des articles en toute simplicité. Ce projet présente un système complet qui
intègre des fonctionnalités clés telles que l'authentification des utilisateurs pour un accès sécurisé
et un éditeur de texte enrichi propulsé par Quill, offrant une interface conviviale pour le
formatage du contenu. La plateforme prend également en charge une gestion efficace des
contenus et garantit une évolutivité pour de futures améliorations.

Pour atteindre les objectifs du projet, la méthodologie d'analyse et de conception des systèmes
structurés (SSADM) a été adoptée. Le front-end de l'application a été développé à l'aide de
HTML, CSS et JavaScript pour garantir une interface utilisateur réactive et intuitive, tandis que
le back-end a été implémenté en PHP et MySQL, assurant une gestion robuste des données et des
fonctionnalités côté serveur.

Le processus de développement a inclus la collecte des besoins, la conception du système et des

tests itératifs pour garantir des performances et une convivialité optimales. Le système final vise
à améliorer l'engagement des utilisateurs dans la création et la publication de contenus tout en
maintenant la sécurité et la fiabilité des données. Les recommandations futures incluent
l'intégration de fonctionnalités avancées telles que la collaboration en temps réel et l'analyse des
activités des utilisateurs pour améliorer davantage la fonctionnalité de la plateforme.

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PREFACE

The INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DES GRANDES ECOLES DES TROPIQUES Is a

private institution of higher learning dedicated to technological and tertiary training under the
supervision of the Universities of Douala and Bamenda. It is an institution duly authorized by the
Ministry of Higher Education (autorisation no08/0095/MINESUP du 05 mai 2008).

With it three schools (ISTII, South Polytech and SHS), IUGET offers relevant training programs
in:

 Commerce, business administration, management,

and finance;
 New information and communication technologies; 
Industrial and biomedical fields.

In addition, IUGET offers professional training cycles such as:

 DEGREE IN LAW ECONOMIC SCIENCES

 CLASSES PREPARATOIRES
 HND
 LICENCE ACADEMIQUE ET PROFESSIONNELLE  BACHELOR AND BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY
 PROFESSIONAL MBA
 MBA
 INGENIEUR
 DOCTORATE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

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LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

CSS: Cascading Style Sheet

ERD: Entity Relationship
Diagram.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language.

JS: Java Script.

MySQL: A combination of “My”, the name of co-founder Michael Widenius’s daughter, and
“SQL”, abbreviation for Structured Query Language.

PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.

SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle.

XAMPP: Cross Platform Apache Mysql Php Perl.

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LIST OF TABLES

List of Tables

1. Activities Carried Out During the Internship ..................................................................Page

18

2. Software Requirement Specifications (SRS) ....................................................................Page 29

3. Comparison of SDLC Models ...........................................................................................Page 31

4. Testing Tools Used .............................................................................................................Page 35

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LIST OF DIAGRAMS

List of Diagrams
1. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) .............................................................Page 28
2. Iterative Waterfall Model .....................................................................................Page 29
3. Use Case Diagram .................................................................................................Page 32
4. Class Diagram .......................................................................................................Page 33
5. Activity Diagram ..................................................................................................Page 34
6. Interface Mockups (Reader’s Home Page, Author Dashboard, etc.) .............Page 38

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TO THE MANGET FAMILY......................................................................................................................ii

List of Diagrams......................................................................................................................................xi
PROBLEM STATEMENT.....................................................................................................................xiii
RESEARCH QUESTIONS....................................................................................................................xiv
OBJECTIVES.........................................................................................................................................xiv
PLAN OF THE REPORT.......................................................................................................................xiv
SECTION ONE: PRESENTATION OF TECHBRAINS ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING..xvii
1.1 Mission of TechBrains Engineering and Consulting....................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 History and Creation of TechBrains Engineering and Consulting............Error! Bookmark not
defined.
1.3 Evolution of the Company...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4 Products and Services......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Software Development Services........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Key Industries Served........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5 Technology Stack.............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Activities Carried Out During the Internship...............................................................................xxii
III.1. LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................11
ITERATIVE WATERFALL MODEL....................................................................................................14
III.2.2. BRIEF COMPARISM OF SOME SDLC................................................................................14
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)..........................................................................15
Use case Diagram................................................................................................................................22
Class Diagram......................................................................................................................................23

Page

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

GENERAL INTRUDOCTION

In the modern digital era, content creation and sharing have become integral parts of
communication, education, and entertainment. Blogs, as a vital component of this landscape,
have revolutionized how individuals and organizations share knowledge, express opinions, and
engage with their audience. The proliferation of internet access and technological advancements
has led to a surge in demand for efficient and user-friendly blog platforms that cater to diverse
needs.

A blog platform provides a centralized system for users to write, edit, and publish articles,
making it an indispensable tool for personal, professional, and corporate content management.
This application is particularly relevant in addressing the limitations of traditional, static websites
by offering dynamic content creation and interaction. Additionally, it eliminates the need for
manual processes such as coding or using external tools for publishing articles.

By incorporating features like user authentication for secure access and a rich text editor for
intuitive formatting, the platform enhances the overall user experience. Such systems are
designed not only to streamline the content creation process but also to encourage collaboration
and engagement within communities. This project highlights the importance of implementing an
effective blog platform to meet the growing demands for dynamic, accessible, and interactive
digital content in today’s interconnected world.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Currently, many individuals and organizations rely on outdated methods or scattered tools for
content creation and publishing, such as manually coding articles or using basic text processors
that lack advanced editing capabilities. These approaches often result in inefficiencies, lack of
collaboration, and limited accessibility for users who are not technically proficient. Furthermore,
traditional systems may not provide adequate user authentication, leading to security
vulnerabilities and unauthorized access to sensitive content.

In the absence of a centralized and user-friendly blog platform, users face challenges in
managing, formatting, and publishing their content effectively. The lack of integrated tools for

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Design And implementation Of A Blog Platform

rich text editing and streamlined publishing further exacerbates these issues, resulting in
inconsistent content presentation and reduced engagement.

To address these challenges, this project proposes the development of a blog platform that
combines secure user authentication with an intuitive interface powered by a rich text editor
(Quill). This solution aims to simplify the process of creating, editing, and publishing articles
while ensuring data security and scalability for future enhancements.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the challenges faced by individuals and organizations in managing,
formatting, and publishing digital content efficiently?
2. How do existing blog platforms compare in terms of features, usability, and
scalability, and what gaps can this project address?
3. What impact does the implementation of a user-friendly blog platform with features
like secure authentication and a rich text editor have on user engagement and content
quality?
OBJECTIVES
Simplifying the process of creating, editing, and publishing articles by providing an intuitive
and accessible user interface.

Enhancing data security through the implementation of robust user authentication mechanisms.

Integrating a rich text editor (Quill) to allow users to format content seamlessly and maintain
consistent presentation.

Developing a scalable platform that can accommodate future enhancements such as real-time
collaboration and analytics.

Ensuring efficient content management with a structured backend system

powered by PHP and MySQL for robust data handling.

PLAN OF THE REPORT

This project is made up of two parts (Part one and part two).

Part one is made up of two chapters;

Chapter one which talks of THE GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY and
chapter two which talks of THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

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Part two (PROJEC FRAMEWORK) is made up of two chapters;

Chapter three which talks about LITERATURE REVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHOD.

And chapter four talks about THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

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PART ONE: THE INTERNSHIP

FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION:

Part one is made up of two chapters:

Chapter one which talks about the GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY AND

Chapter two which talks about the EVOLUTION OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

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CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL

PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY

SECTION ONE: PRESENTATION OF PEFSCOM

ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING
Customer satisfaction is an important and essential step for companies to
increase their productivity. Thus, to build customer loyalty and explore
other horizons, PEFSCOM, given its activities, has IT support based on
guaranteed levels of assistance, providing a measured and predictable
service, allowing it to benefit from better visibility in the event of
difficulties for the customer in using its products.

Thus, to meet all customer needs, the support team admits several
missions to assist the customer on a daily basis:

 Receiving
customer
requests.
 Logging of
requests
with
customer
information.
 Processing
of requests.

In case of complex requests, the support team uses the customer for further
information. The support returns the solution to the customer.

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The support ensures that the customer is satisfied with the solution adopted by the
report to the request.

Problems with solutions that have satisfied the customer are saved.

1.1.1.HISTORY AND CREATION OF PEFSCOM

PEFSCOM SYSTEM is a technology and software development and consultancy firm which
began in December 2014 in BUEA south west region Cameroon. The firm set the ball rolling
with the development of minor education/school management software for primary
school and secondary schools. And also, PEFSCOM SYSTEM at that time began with
very little capital mainly from the founder and CEO MR FRANKLINE EKOMBE
MBUA and with just about five staffs.

For about 2 years now, the activities of the consultancy have slowed down as the firm
became more and more involved in the world of software development for bigger
organisations.

In April 2024, an extension of PEFSCOM came into lamplight, with a branch in

Bonaberi-Douala with MR. ASONGAFACK PATRICK LYONGA appointed as
Director General and EFUETLEFEH JOSHUA the Assistant Director General

1.1.2 EVOLUTION

PEFSCOM SYSTEM then latter evolved into the development of examination

systems for higher institutions of learning, churches etc. Then, moved on to one of its
greatest achievements so far which was the creation of an examination system for the
most prestigious examination board in Cameroon, the GCE board.

Gathering from all these experience and achievements, PEFSCOM SYSTEM would
then move on to become fully functional in December 1 st 2017 with the head office
located at MALINGO, Molyko city Buea, south west region of Cameroon and branch
located at Bonaberi-Douala (Petrolex-Ndobo opposite Faith Bible Church)

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1.1.3 The products and services

PEFSCOM SYSTEM is aimed at create better management system for banks, schools,
stores and also in creating automated system such as programming micro controllers.
It also develops websites for all kind, one of its several services it the training of
students and people in other to become good app and web developers in future.

Though not fully establish the company also purchases a journalism department and is
moving forward for its full growth more to that the company purchases it’s own
television chanel(pefscom tv).

SECTION TWO: ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION OF PEFSCOM

1.2.1. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

Pefscom company for the follow-up of its functioning, includes about ten full-time employees,
we have in it.

⮚ A General Manager, he is the sole leader of the company and the

decision taker. He monitors, controls and evaluates almost everything at
pefscom. He is the creator of the GCE board management system.

⮚ An executive assistant, closest employee to the general manager, she

keeps track of his daily routines and follows his activities keenly. She
also takes care of the expenses and manages all balances of accounts.

 A Director General who oversees the activities of other branch(s).

He monitors and control the activities of PEFSCOM branch(s)

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 An Assistant Director General who manages day-to-day

operations, supervising team leaders, acts as a key liaison between
different departments in other branch(s).

⮚ IT support; comprised of 3 members, they work daily with clients,

providing support on how to use the apps effectively and efficiently,
they also participate in decision taking of the enterprise

1.2.2 The operation of the company

The main operations of pefscom is to develop good and sophisticated applications along
side Websites .It operates as a private limited company .

Pefscom also serves as a training center to train young dynamic youths in the
development of Apps and websites, the company also program micro controllers.

Pefscom has today evolved in the digital world and has also engaged in the creation of
their tele Vision center though it is not yet fully established.

1.2.2. ORGANISATION OF PEFSCOM

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GENERAL
MANAGER

MANAGER

DIRECTORS

Database Software Other staff

Operation Unit Developers Unit

Desktop Developers Web Developers (web design)

CONCLUSION
In order to obtain an internship theme, we will first proceed by studying the
existing system of the company, then we will come up with a solution to the existing
problems and finally we will use an analysis method to better solve the problems.

After the analysis of the system we will design the solution. The help and availability of the
director and all the staff will be assets for the realization of our project and the successful
completion of our internship.

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CHAPTER TWO: EVOLUTION OF

INT ERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

2.1 Activities Carried Out During the Internship

During my internship at PEFSCOM, I had the opportunity to gain hands-on experience in

various areas of software development. The program was well-structured, allowing me to
progressively build my skills in different technologies and programming concepts. The activities
were organized on a weekly basis, covering fundamental topics essential for a strong foundation
in software engineering.

Below is a breakdown of the activities carried out during the internship:

Week Day Activities

Week 1 Day 1 Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms
Day 2 Basic Algorithm Concepts: Understanding Pseudocode
Day 3 Introduction to Time and Space Complexity
Day 4 Problem-Solving Techniques Using Algorithms
Day 5 Practice Sessions on Basic Algorithm Problems
Week 2 Day 6 Introduction to Web Programming
Day 7 Understanding Client-Server Architecture
Day 8 Basics of HTML: Structure and Semantics
Day 9 Introduction to Forms and Handling User Input
Day 10 Web Development Tools and Best Practices
Week 3 Day 11 Introduction to CSS: Styling Web Pages
Day 12 CSS Selectors, Properties, and Layout Techniques
Day 13 Responsive Design and Media Queries
Day 14 Introduction to JavaScript: Basics and Syntax
Day 15 DOM Manipulation and Event Handling in JavaScript
Week 4 Day 16 Introduction to PHP for Web Development
Day 17 Variables, Data Types, and Control Structures in PHP
Day 18 Working with Forms and Handling Data in PHP
Day 19 Introduction to Databases and PHP-MySQL Integration
Day 20 Building Dynamic Web Pages with PHP

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PART TWO: POJECT FRAMEWORK

In this part, we will talk about 2 chapters; that is, chapter three and chapter four.

Chapter three is on LITERATURE REVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHODS and

Chapter four is on RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW,

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION
A blog platform is a web-based application designed to facilitate the creation, management, and
publication of digital content. Its importance lies in providing a user-friendly interface for content
creators, ensuring secure data management, and fostering engagement among users. Modern blog
platforms integrate advanced features such as rich text editors, real-time collaboration, and analytics,
making them essential tools for individuals and organizations seeking to communicate effectively in
the digital space. By addressing common challenges such as content formatting, security
vulnerabilities, and scalability, blog platforms enable users to focus on content creation while
leveraging technology to enhance their reach and impact.

3.1.1 Study of the existing system

Existing Systems Overview

Prior to the advent of advanced blog platforms, content creation and publication were often carried out using
manual processes or basic text processors. These systems presented several limitations:

Manual Coding: Content creators had to rely on manual HTML coding to format articles, which was time-
consuming and required technical expertise.

Scattered Tools: Users had to use separate tools for drafting, editing, and publishing, leading to
inefficiencies.

Limited Security: Traditional systems lacked robust authentication mechanisms, leaving sensitive data
vulnerable to unauthorized access.

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Functionalities

Existing blog platforms often include the following functionalities:

Basic text editors for content creation.

User authentication for secure access.

Content management systems (CMS) for organizing and publishing articles.

Critics of the existing system

Complex User Interfaces: Many platforms have steep learning curves, deterring non-technical users.

Limited Formatting Options: Basic text editors lack advanced features, making it difficult to create visually
appealing content.

Security Vulnerabilities: Weak authentication mechanisms expose sensitive content to unauthorized access.

Lack of Scalability: Many systems struggle to accommodate growing user bases or new features.

Fragmented Ecosystem: Users often need to integrate multiple tools for analytics, collaboration, and
publishing.

Research Findings:

Doe, J., & Smith, A. (2021): "The Role of Rich Text Editors in Modern Blog Platforms." This study
highlights the importance of integrating intuitive text editors in blog platforms to enhance user experience and
content quality. Findings show that rich text editors improve content formatting consistency and reduce the
learning curve for non-technical users.

Brown, L., et al. (2020): "Enhancing Content Security in Web-Based Platforms." This research focuses on the
implementation of secure user authentication and data encryption in blog platforms, emphasizing their role in
safeguarding sensitive content.

Chen, Y., & Zhao, X. (2022): "Scalability Challenges in Blog Platforms." The study explores the limitations
of traditional blog platforms in handling large-scale user bases and the importance of modular architectures
for scalability.

3.1.2. SIMILAR STUDIES

National and International Research

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To develop an effective blog platform, research was conducted at both the national and international levels.
The goal was to identify strong points and limitations in existing systems to inform the design and
implementation of the proposed platform.

Strong Points:

Encourages local content creation and dissemination.

Provides a platform for community engagement and knowledge sharing.

Weak Points:

Limited access to advanced features like real-time collaboration.

Insufficient server capacity leading to performance bottlenecks.

International Level Findings

Platforms like WordPress and Medium offer robust features, including rich text editing, analytics, and
scalability.

However, these platforms often come with steep subscription costs, making them inaccessible to small-scale
content creators.

Conclusion:

This literature review underscores the importance of developing a blog platform that addresses the limitations
of existing systems. By integrating features like a rich text editor, secure authentication, and scalability, the
proposed platform aims to enhance user experience and content management. The findings from national and
international research provide a foundation for implementing a solution tailored to user needs and
technological advancements.

3.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.2.1. CHOICE OF MODEL

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ITERATIVE WATERFALL MODEL

The development of the blog platform adopted the Iterative Waterfall Model. This model provides a
structured yet flexible approach to software development, allowing for continuous refinement of the system
through iterative cycles. Initially, a simplified version of the system was implemented, followed by
subsequent iterations to add features, address issues, and enhance functionality. This approach ensured that
the system evolved progressively, with clear understanding and validation of requirements at each stage.
The Iterative Waterfall Model was chosen due to its suitability for projects where requirements are well-
understood but require iterative testing and refinements. Its systematic nature ensured that each phase—
requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and deployment—was thoroughly completed
while allowing for feedback-driven improvements.

III.2.2. BRIEF COMPARISM OF SOME SDLC

WATERFALL MODEL:
The Waterfall Model is a linear and sequential approach where each phase must be completed before
moving to the next.
Limitations:
Users cannot interact with the system until the entire development process is completed.
Changes or modifications are difficult once a stage is finalized.

ITERATIVE MODEL:

This model involves developing the software in small iterations, where each iteration adds features or
refines the system.

Advantages:

Allows for continuous testing and feedback, ensuring early detection of issues.

Users can interact with and evaluate a working version of the system early in the development process.

V-Shape model:
An extension of the Waterfall Model, the V-Model emphasizes testing at each development stage.

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Advantages:
Testing is integrated into each phase, ensuring issues are identified and addressed early.
Enhances system reliability by validating each development step.

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured framework used for planning, creating,
testing, and deploying software applications. For this project, the SDLC phases were followed to
ensure systematic development and high-quality output.

The phases include:

1. Requirement Analysis:

o Gathered and documented functional and non-functional requirements for the blog
platform.

o Identified user needs, including a rich text editor, user authentication, and content
management features.

2. System Design:

o Designed the system architecture, database schema, and user interface layouts.

o Created wireframes and prototypes for initial validation.

3. Implementation:

o Developed the frontend using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for a responsive and
intuitive user interface.

o Built the backend using PHP and MySQL for robust server-side functionality and
data management.

Testing:

Conducted unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing to ensure system
functionality and usability.

Iteratively resolved bugs and optimized performance based on test results.

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Deployment:

Deployed the system to a web server for user access.

Configured security measures to protect user data and ensure secure access.

Maintenance:

Established protocols for monitoring, updating, and enhancing the system to accommodate future
needs.

Figure 1.1: System development life cycle

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Figure 1.2: Iterative waterfall model

Requirement gathering and analysis

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The objective of this phase is to gather and analyze the requirements necessary for the development of the
blog platform. This involves understanding the needs of potential users (both content creators and readers)
and defining the scope of the project to eliminate ambiguities.

The following methods were employed for requirement gathering:

InterviewingBloggersandContentCreators:
Insights were gathered on preferred features, challenges with existing blogging platforms, and expectations
from a new platform.

Surveying Readers:
Feedback was collected regarding user experience, readability preferences, and the importance of features
like content personalization.

Software requirement specification (SRS)

The SRS document serves as the foundation for the project, outlining what the software will do and how it
will perform. It ensures alignment between stakeholders and development teams, facilitating smooth project
execution.

The requirements for the blog platform are divided into:

Functional Requirements: Define specific actions the system must perform.

Non-Functional Requirements: Define system properties and operational criteria.

Functional requirements

User Registration and Login

Users (both bloggers and readers) should be able to create accounts and log in using secure authentication
mechanisms.

Content Creation and Publishing

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Bloggers should have access to a rich text editor to create, edit, and publish articles.

Content Management

Bloggers should be able to manage their posts (CRUD functionality: Create, Read, Update, Delete).

Comment System

Readers should be able to leave comments on blog posts, with options for bloggers to moderate comments.

Search and Categorization

Users should be able to search for content and browse articles based on categories or tags.

Content Recommendation

The system should suggest articles to readers based on their interests and browsing history.

Analytics Dashboard

Bloggers should have access to analytics (e.g., views, likes, comments) for each post.

Non-functional requirements

Accessibility

The platform should be accessible via any modern web browser and adapt to various screen sizes
(responsive design).

Performance

The platform should load within 2 seconds for standard pages under normal network conditions.

Scalability

The system should handle an increasing number of users and content without significant performance
degradation.

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Security

The platform must use encryption for sensitive data (e.g., passwords, personal information) and prevent
common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and XSS attacks.

Platform Independence

The application should function seamlessly on different operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and
devices (mobile, tablet, desktop).

IDENTIFICATION OF ACTORS
This project involves 3 primary actors:

Bloggers
Create, edit, and publish content.
Manage their blog posts and monitor user engagement through analytics.

Readers
Browse, read, and search for articles.
Interact with content through comments and likes.

Admin
Reviews and validates blog post from bloggers
Controls all users in the system
View the total analytics of the system and manages the entire system

Feasibility study
A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the project from multiple dimensions:

Economic Feasibility

Evaluated the cost of development, hosting, and deployment against the anticipated benefits, such as
user engagement and potential monetization.

Technical Feasibility

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Assessed the availability of tools, frameworks, and development skills required for the project.
Technologies like PHP, MySQL, React, and Tailwind CSS were determined to be appropriate.

Operational Feasibility

Verified that the system could fulfill its intended functions, including user registration, content
publishing, and real-time interaction, with minimal downtime and high reliability.

Diagrams and definition

The blog platform incorporates the CRUD model for data management:
Create: Users can create new accounts, posts, and comments.
Read: Users can view posts, search for content, and analyze post performance.
Update: Bloggers can edit published or draft articles.
Delete: Bloggers can remove unwanted posts, and readers can delete their comments.

Use case Diagram

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Figure 2.1: Use case Diagram

Class Diagram

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Figure 2.2: Class Diagram

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Activity DIAGRAM

Figure 2.3: Activity diagram

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Technologies used in the development of the project

Language: HTML, CSS, PHP, Java script.

Text editor: Visual studio.

Database used: MySQL

used: Google Chrome Software

Used: XAMMP.

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND

DISCUSSIONS

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4.1 TESTING

Testing is a critical phase in the software development lifecycle, aimed at ensuring the software meets its
functional and non-functional requirements while being free of defects. The following testing strategies were
applied during the development of the blog platform:

4.1.1 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing focuses on the smallest components or modules of the software, such as individual functions or
classes. This testing phase was carried out in parallel with the coding phase to verify the correctness of
specific functionalities, including:

User registration and login logic.

CRUD operations for blog posts.

Commenting system functionality.

Dynamic testing tools like PHPUnit were employed to validate the accuracy of individual modules in
isolation.

4.1.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing was conducted to ensure that the different modules of the system work seamlessly
when combined. The main focus areas included:

Verifying the interaction between the frontend (React) and backend (PHP APIs).

Testing data flow between the database and application logic.

Ensuring smooth integration of third-party services, such as email notifications and content
recommendations.

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Mock services were used during this phase to simulate real-world scenarios without affecting live
systems.

4.1.3 VALIDATION TESTING

Validation testing was performed to ensure that the blog platform met the expectations and
requirements of the end users. Key aspects tested included:

User experience on different devices (responsive design).

Proper functioning of user-facing features like post creation, search, and analytics.

Security measures such as password encryption and prevention of common vulnerabilities.

Feedback from stakeholders and potential users was incorporated during this phase to ensure the
platform aligns with its intended purpose.

4.1.4 Providing test tools

Testing Tools

Testing tools were selected based on their ability to streamline and automate the testing process. The tools
used included:

Selenium: For automated testing of the web application’s user interface.

Postman: For testing APIs and ensuring proper request-response handling.

PHPUnit: For unit testing PHP-based backend logic.

The testing tool implementation process involved:

Evaluating options and selecting tools based on project requirements.

Developing proof-of-concept tests to validate tool suitability.

Running pilot projects to refine the testing process.

Gradually rolling out testing tools for comprehensive coverage.

These tools facilitated test case management, defect tracking, and detailed test result analysis, making the
testing process more efficient and reusable.

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4.2 METHODOLOGY
The development of the blog platform followed the Iterative Model, chosen for its adaptability and emphasis
on incremental progress.

4.2.1 WHY THE ITERATIVE MODEL?

The Iterative Model was selected due to its advantages, including:

Error Correction: Errors identified during one iteration could be corrected in subsequent iterations, reducing
overall testing and maintenance costs.

Progressive Development: The platform’s features were built and tested incrementally, allowing for
continuous feedback and refinement.

Flexibility: Changes in user requirements or project scope were easily accommodated without disrupting the
entire development process.

4.2.2 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

Requirement Analysis: Requirements were gathered and analyzed to define the project’s scope and
objectives.

Design and Development: Each feature was designed, developed, and tested in iterations, starting with the
most critical functionalities.

Testing and Feedback: Testing was performed after each iteration to identify issues and incorporate
feedback for improvement.

Deployment and Review: After successful iterations, the platform was deployed for real-world testing and
further refinements.

By using the Iterative Model, the blog platform was developed with a user-centric approach, ensuring it met
stakeholder expectations while maintaining high quality and flexibility.

4.3 INTERFACE OF THE SYSTEM

Readers Home Page

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Article Page

Authors Dashboard

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Author’s Profile

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Login

Admin’s Dashboard

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GENERAL CONCLUSION

In this project, the development of a Blog Management System was aimed at creating a platform for users to
create, manage, and interact with blog content effectively. The system was built using PHP for server-side
scripting and MySQL for database management, ensuring a lightweight, efficient, and cost-effective solution.
The functionalities implemented include user authentication, post creation, comment management, and an
intuitive user interface for seamless interaction.
Through the development process, I gained valuable experience in backend development, especially in
working with PHP and designing efficient database structures. The project also improved my understanding
of web application development and reinforced the importance of ensuring both functionality and user-
friendliness in a system.
Additionally, this project highlighted the practical aspects of gathering requirements, implementing features,
and troubleshooting challenges in real-time. It has not only enhanced my technical skills but also deepened
my appreciation for the development process, from ideation to deployment.

Difficulties Encountered During Internship

During the development of this blog system, I faced several challenges:

Technical Issues:
Limited experience with PHP and MySQL at the start of the project required extensive learning and practice
to implement the required functionalities effectively.
Debugging issues with server configurations and ensuring compatibility across browsers were also time-
consuming.

Resource Constraints:
Limited access to high-performance tools and hosting services meant I had to optimize the application for a
resource-constrained environment.
Time Management:
Balancing the implementation of features with testing and debugging required careful planning and
prioritization.

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Perspectives
While the blog management system fulfills the core requirements set at the beginning of the project, there is
always room for improvement. Future enhancements could include:
Mobile Responsiveness: Ensuring the system works seamlessly on all devices.
Advanced Features: Adding features like search functionality, category filters, and multimedia integration.
Scalability: Improving the system to handle larger datasets and higher traffic.
This project marks a significant step in my journey as a software developer and lays the groundwork for more
advanced web applications in the future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Smith, J. (2021). Emerging trends in blog management systems. Journal of Digital Media
Innovation, 15(4), 120-135.

Johnson, R., & Taylor, P. (2020). The impact of AI on content creation in blogs. International
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Applications, 27(2), 98-115.

Brown, A., & Carter, L. (2019). Enhancing user engagement through personalized blog content.
Journal of Web Development and User Experience, 18(3), 45-67.

Anderson, M. (2022). SEO optimization strategies for blog platforms. Journal of Digital Marketing
and Analytics, 10(1), 30-50.

Williams, T., & Evans, C. (2020). Integration of analytics in blog management systems.
International Journal of Data-Driven Content, 22(5), 89-102.

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