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World War I

World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The war involved two major alliances: the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, leading to a domino effect of declarations of war. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war, imposing harsh penalties on Germany, and resulted in significant economic and social impacts in both Europe and the United States.

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3 views17 pages

World War I

World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The war involved two major alliances: the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, leading to a domino effect of declarations of war. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war, imposing harsh penalties on Germany, and resulted in significant economic and social impacts in both Europe and the United States.

Uploaded by

rachelhurd10
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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World War I

Causes of WWI – MANIA!


• Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war,
military used as a tool for diplomacy

• Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect on


another

• Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country, national interests should be


placed above international affairs

• Imperialism – when one country takes over another country


economically and politically.

• Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand


Alliances
• There were 2 major alliances in Europe before
WW1. Alliances were made to protect each
nation from attack

• The Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy, Austria


Hungry

• The Triple Entente – Russia, France, Britain


The Spark
• Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his
wife Sophie are
assassinated by
Gavrilo Princip.

• He was a member of
the Serbian
nationalist group –
the black hand.
The Domino Effect
• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s
death and declared war on Serbia.

• Germany pledged their support for


Austria –Hungary

• Russia pledged their support for Serbia.


• Germany declares war on Russia.

• France pledges their support for Russia.

• Germany declares war on France.

• Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.

• Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war


on Germany.
Who was fighting?
Allied Powers Central Powers
• Britain & its colonies • Germany
• France & its colonies • Austria-Hungry
• Russia • Ottoman Empire
• Italy • Bulgaria
• United States
• Many more
Peace Conference
• Allied leaders / Council of Ten
• new Russian leaders did not attend
• Purpose: decide end of war issues
• Wilson presented his 14 pts.
- wanted peace organization

• Clash between Wilson’s ideas & Allies


rewards/punishments
- Allies wanted territory & Germany punished
Treaty of Versailles
• agreement to end the war
• between Allies & Central Powers
• League of Nations included
- U.S. Congress did not support
- made it a WEAK organization
Terms of the Treaty
• Germany had to accept full responsibility for war.
• Germany had to surrender all land back to its
surrounding nations.
• Germany would reduce its military and give up all
warships.
• Germany would transfer all colonies to a mandate
where the Allies could watch them.
• Germany must pay reparations for the entire cost of
the war to the Allies.
• Territory divided (Ottoman, A-H, Russia)
• League of Nations established
War Impact
On the U.S.
• Industrial production increased
• became richest country in the world
• achieved a high standard of living
• citizens became materialistic
• women more opportunities/recognition
• rejecting the Treaty/League of Nations
• U.S. shifts back to a policy of Isolation
War Impact
On Europe:
• All economies were bad
• Land was destroyed
• German develop a depression in 1923
• German $ became almost worthless
• Germans were looking for someone to
blame
On Middle East:
• Territory divided among Allies
Casualties
• Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1
– 65,038,810

• Total troops dead from all countries in WW1


– 8,556,315

• Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1


– 21,219,452

• Total missing or POWs


– 7,750,945

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