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Electrostatics Notes Handwritten Style

The document covers key concepts of electrostatics for Class 12 Physics, including electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric fields, and potential. It explains the behavior of charges, the principles of electric dipoles, and Gauss's law with applications for various charge distributions. Essential formulas and definitions are provided for understanding the interactions and properties of electric fields and potentials.

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58 views2 pages

Electrostatics Notes Handwritten Style

The document covers key concepts of electrostatics for Class 12 Physics, including electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric fields, and potential. It explains the behavior of charges, the principles of electric dipoles, and Gauss's law with applications for various charge distributions. Essential formulas and definitions are provided for understanding the interactions and properties of electric fields and potentials.

Uploaded by

pachalarpita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrostatics - Class 12 Physics

1. Electric Charge:
- Two types: Positive (+), Negative (-)
- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract
- Charge is quantized: q = n × e
- Charge is conserved

2. Coulomb’s Law:
- Force between two charges:
F = k * |q1 * q2| / r^2
(k = 1 / (4 * π * ε0))

3. Electric Field (E):


-E=F/q
- Due to point charge: E = k * Q / r^2 (radially outward/inward)

4. Electric Field Lines:


- Start from +ve and end on -ve
- Never intersect

5. Electric Dipole:
- Two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance
- Dipole moment (p) = q × 2a (vector from -q to +q)

6. Electric Field Due to Dipole:


- Axial line: E = (1/4πε₀) * (2p / r^3)
- Equatorial line: E = (1/4πε₀) * (p / r^3)

7. Electric Potential (V):


- Work done per unit charge in bringing a test charge from ∞ to a point
-V=k*Q/r

8. Equipotential Surfaces:
- V is constant, E ⊥ surface

9. Gauss’s Law:
- ∮E·dA = Q_enclosed / ε₀
- Used to calculate E for symmetric charge distributions
10. Applications of Gauss’s Law:
- Infinite line of charge: E = λ / (2πε₀r)
- Infinite plane sheet: E = σ / (2ε₀)
- Spherical shell (outside): E = kQ / r^2
- Spherical shell (inside): E = 0

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