Matrices Rajith Ekanayaka

01. Write down the size of each matrix in the form n×m.
2 −1 (iii) (1 0 2)
(i)
1 3
3 2
4 (iv) −1 1
(ii)
−1 0 −3

02. Two matrices A and B are given as:

1 3 𝑎 1 3 6
A= ,B= .
2 −1 4 𝑏 −1 4
If A = B, write down the values of a and b.

03. For the matrices

1 3
A= , B = (1 −1), C = (−1 1 0), D = (0 1 −1), E = , F = (2 1 3) Find where
2 −1
possible:
(i) A + B (v) F – (D+C)
(ii) A – E (vi) A – F
(iii)F – D + C (vii) C – (F - D)
(iv) B + C

04. Find the following constants that satisfy the given condition.
5 3 𝑎 𝑏 7 1
(i) 0 −1 + 𝑐 𝑑 = 2 0
2 1 𝑒 𝑓 1 4
−3 2𝑘 𝑘
(ii) + 𝑘 =
𝑘 2𝑘 6
−1 0 𝟒 𝟏
05. Given that A = and B = , find:
2 3 𝟎 −𝟐
(i) AB (ii) BA

06. The matrices A, B and C are given by:

𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
A= ,B= , C = (−𝟑 −𝟐)
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐
Determine whether the following products exist and find them if they do.
(i) AB (iii) AC (v) BC
(ii) BA (iv) CA (vi) CB

07. The matrices A, B and C are defined as:

𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟏
A= ,B= and C = .
𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
Find the following.
(i) AB - C (ii) BC + 3A (iii) 4B – 3CA

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Matrices Rajith Ekanayaka

𝟏 𝟐
08. The matrix A = . Find A2, A3 and suggest a form for Ak.
𝟎 𝟏
𝑎 0
09. The matrix A = . Find in terms of a and b, the matrix A2.
𝑏 0
Given that A2 = 3A, find the value of a.
𝟏
10. A = −𝟏 , B= (𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟑) . Find ABA and BAB.
𝟐
𝟐 −𝟐
11. Given that matrix A = , show that AI = IA = A.
𝟏 𝟑
𝟐 −𝟏 4 2 1 2
12. A = ,B= and C = . Show that AB + AC = A(B+C).
𝟑 𝟐 −1 0 0 −1
𝟏 𝟐
13. A = and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Show that A2 = 2A + 5I.
𝟑 𝟏
3 𝑝
14. The matrix A = is such that A2 = I. Find the values of p and q.
−4 𝑞
15. Find the determinants of the following matrices.
3 4 4 2 −2 1
(i) (iii) (v)
−1 2 1 2 3 0
−4 −4 7 −4 −1 −1
(ii) (iv) (vi)
1 1 0 3 −6 −10

16. Find the values of a for which these matrices are singular.
𝑎 1+𝑎 1+𝑎 3−𝑎 2+𝑎 1−𝑎
(i) (ii) (iii)
3 2 𝑎+2 1−𝑎 1−𝑎 𝑎
3𝑘 4−𝑘
17. P = , where k is a real constant. Given that P is a singular matrix, find the possible
𝑘−2 −𝑘
values of k.
1 −3 −1 𝑘
18. The matrix M = and the matrix N =
2 1 4 3
(i) Evaluate the determinant of M.
(ii) Given that the determinant of N is 7, find the values of k.
(iii)Using the value of k found in part (ii), find MN.
(iv) Verify that |MN| = |M||N|.
19. Determine which of these matrices are singular and which are non-singular. For those that are not non-
singular, find the inverse matrix.
3 -1 3 3 2 5
(i) (iii) (v)
-4 2 -1 -1 0 0
1 2 6 3 4 3
(ii) (iv) (vi)
3 5 4 2 6 2
0 1 2 1
20. Given that ABC = I, prove that B-1 = CA. Hence find B when A = ,C= .
-1 -6 -3 -1

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Matrices Rajith Ekanayaka

𝑘 −2
21. A = where k is a real constant.
−4 𝑘
(i) For which values of k does A have an inverse?
(ii) Given that A is singular, find all possible values for k.

22. The non-singular matrices A and B are such that AB = BA, and ABA = B.
(i) Prove that A2 = I.
0 1 𝑎 𝑏
(ii) Given that A = , by considering a matrix B of the form show that a = b and b =c.
1 0 𝑐 𝑑

4 𝑝
23. Given that A = , where p is a constant p≠ 4.
−2 −2
(i) Find A-1 in terms of p.
5
(ii) Given that A + A-1 = , find the value of p.
-3 -4

𝑘 −3
24. M = where k is a real constant.
4 𝑘+3
(i) Find det.M in terms of k.
(ii) Show that M is non-singular for all values of k.
(iii)Given that 10M-1 + M = I where I is the identity matrix of size 2, find the value of k.

√
- -
25. Let A = .
√
-
(i) Show that A3 = I. Hence find A2025.
(ii) Given that | A – 𝜆I | = 0, prove 𝜆 does not contain any real roots. Here I is the identity matrix of
size 2.
(iii) Show that A2 + A + I = 0. Hence without finding A-1 solve the following simultaneous
equations,
x +√3y = -7
√3x – y = -√3

26. Determine whether the simultaneous equations have,

(i) A unique solution,
(ii) No solution,
(iii)Infinitely many solutions.
a. x + 2y = 1 c. 2x - 7y = 2 e. 2x + 3y + 7 = 0
x + 2y = 5 5x – 2y = 5 4x + 6y + 14 = 0

b. 2x + 5y = 3 d. x + y =1 f. 2x + 3y = 7
3x – 2y + 5 = 0 2x + 2y = 1 3x = 2y + 1

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Matrices Rajith Ekanayaka

27. Prove that every square matrix A can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-
symmetric matrix. [Hint: take A = (A + AT) + (A - AT)].

28. Prove if AAT = A, then A is symmetric and A = A2.

29. Show that if A is a symmetric n × n and B is any n × m matrix, then the following products are
symmetric: BTB, BBT, BTAB.

𝑎 𝑏
30. Show that the matrix A = satisfies the equation,
𝑐 𝑑
A2 – (a + d) A + (ad - bc) I = 0.
Deduce that,
𝑑 −𝑏
A-1 =
−𝑐 𝑎

31. Let A, B and A + B be invertible matrices of the same order. Show that, in the usual notation,
(i) (AB)-1 = B-1A-1
(ii) A(A-1 + B-1)B(A + B)-1 = I
(iii) (A-1 + B-1) = B(A + B)-1A

32. Let P be a non-singular square matrix. Define, in the usual notation, H = I – 2PPT.
Show that,
(i) H is systematic.
(ii) If PPT = I, then HHT = I.

1 0 0
33. Let A = 1 0 1 .
0 1 0
(i) Show that, in the usual notation, A3 – A2 – A + I = 0.
(ii) By multiplying the above identity by Ar – 3, deduce that
Ar – Ar – 1 = Ar – 2 – Ar – 3 r = 3, 4,…, n-1, n.
(iii)Taking the telescopic sum for r = 3, 4, …, n-1, n, show that
An – An – 2 = A2 – I.
(iv) Hence evaluate A12.
34. Let A and B be two matrices such that A = (I + B)(I – B)-1. Show that B = (A + I)-1(A – I).