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TRIGNOMETRY

The document provides a comprehensive overview of trigonometric functions, identities, and formulas, including relationships between radians and degrees. It covers key concepts such as the sum and difference of angles, basic identities for sine and cosine, and various angle formulas. Additionally, it includes the sine and cosine laws, product identities, and periodic identities essential for solving trigonometric problems.

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Pragathi
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54 views5 pages

TRIGNOMETRY

The document provides a comprehensive overview of trigonometric functions, identities, and formulas, including relationships between radians and degrees. It covers key concepts such as the sum and difference of angles, basic identities for sine and cosine, and various angle formulas. Additionally, it includes the sine and cosine laws, product identities, and periodic identities essential for solving trigonometric problems.

Uploaded by

Pragathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2π = 360 degrees

Or
π radian = 180 degrees.
Therefore, 1 Radian = 180°/π
Hence, 1 Radian = 57°16’, approximately
Also, 1 degree can be written as
1° = π/180 radian = 0.01746 radians approximately.

Trigonometric Functions
The trigonometric functions are also called the angle functions, which relate the angles and the
ratios of the sides of a right angle triangle. Considering the unit circle, the six important
trigonometric functions are given as follows:
If “n” is an integer, then
Sin x =0 ⇒ x =nπ
Cos x = 0 ⇒ x= (2n+1)π/2
The other trigonometric functions in terms of sine and cosine functions are given as follows:
Tan x = sin x /cos x ⇒ x≠ (2n+1)π/2
Cosec x = 1/sin x ⇒x ≠ nπ,
Sec x = 1/cos x ⇒ x≠ (2n+1)π/2
Cot x = cos x/sin x ⇒ x ≠ nπ

Sum and Difference of Two Angles


Some of the important expressions for the trigonometric functions of the sum and difference of
two angles and related expressions are given as follows:

 Sin (-x) = – sin x


 Cos (-x) = cos x
 Cos (x+y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y
 Cos (x-y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y
 Cos (π/2 -x )= sin x
 Sin (π/2 -x ) = cos x
 Sin (x+y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y
 Sin (x-y) = sin x cos y – cos x sin y
 Cos (π/2 + x ) = -sin x
 Sin (π/2 + x ) = cos x
 Cos (π-x) = -cos x
 Sin (π-x) = sin x
 Cos (π+x) = -cos x
 Sin (π+x) = -sin x
 Cos (2π-x) = cos x
 Sin (2π-x) = -sin x
 Tan (x+y)= tan x + tan y /(1-tan x tan y)
 Tan (x-y)= tan x – tan y /(1+tan x tan y)
 Cot (x+y) = (cot x cot y -1)/(cot x + cot y)
 Cot (x-y) = (cot x cot y +1)/(cot y – cot x)
 Cos 2x = (1-tan2x)/(1+tan2x)
 Sin 2x = 2tanx/(1+tan2x)
 Tan 2x = 2tanx/(1-tan2x)
 Sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3x
 Cos 3x = 4 cos3x – 3 cos x
 Tan 3x = (3 tanx -tan3x)/(1-3tan2x)

Basic Trigonometric Identities for Sin and Cos


These formulas help in giving a name to each side of the right triangle and these are also used
in trigonometric formulas for class 11. Let’s learn the basic sin and cos formulas.

 cos2(A) + sin2(A) = 1

Sine and Cosine Formulas


To get help in solving trigonometric functions, you need to know the trigonometry formulas.

Half-angle formulas
Sin

±1−����2

 If A/2 is in the first or second quadrants, the formula uses the positive sign.
 If A/2 is in the third or fourth quadrants, the formula uses the negative sign
Cos
�2

±1+����2

 If A/2 is in the first or fourth quadrants, the formula uses the positive sign.
 If A/2 is in the second or third quadrants, the formula uses the negative sign

Double and Triple angle formulas


 Sin 2A = 2Sin A Cos A
 Cos 2A = Cos2A – Sin2A = 2 Cos2 A- 1 = 1- Sin2A
 Sin 3A = 3Sin A – 4 Sin 3A
 Cos 3A = 4 Cos3A – 3CosA
 Sin2A =
1–���(2�)2

 Cos2A =

1+���(2�)2

Sum and Difference of Angles


 sin(A + B) = sin(A).cos(B) + cos(A)sin(B)
 sin(A−B)=sin(A)⋅cos(B)−cos(A)⋅sin(B)
 cos(A+B)=cos(A)⋅cos(B)−sin(A)⋅sin(B)
 cos(A−B)=cos(A)⋅cos(B)+sin(A)⋅sin(B)
 sin(A+B+C)=sinA⋅cosB⋅cosC+cosA⋅sinB⋅cosC+cosA⋅cosB⋅sinC−sinA⋅sinB⋅sinC
 cos (A + B +C) = cos A cos B cos C- cos A sin B sin C – sin A cos B sin C – sin A sin B
cos C
 Sin A + Sin B = 2Sin

(�+�)2

Cos

(�−�)2

 Sin A – Sin B = 2Sin

(�−�)2

Cos

(�+�)2

 Cos A + Cos B = 2Cos

(�+�)2

Cos

(�−�)2

 Cos A – Cos B = -2Sin

(�+�)2

Sin

(�−�)2

Multiple Angle Formulas


Sin (2θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ
Cos (2θ) = cos2θ – sin2θ =2 cos2θ -1 = 1- 2 sin2θ

Product To Sum Formulas


2 cos θ cos φ = cos (θ-φ) + cos (θ+φ)
2 sinθ sin φ = cos (θ-φ) – cos (θ+φ)
2 sin θ cos φ = sin (θ+φ) + sin (θ-φ)
2 cos θ sin φ = sin (θ+φ) – sin (θ-φ)

Periodic Identities
Sin ((π/2) – x) = cos x Cos ((π/2) – x) = sin x

Sin ((π/2) + x) = cos x Cos ((π/2) + x) = -sin x

Sin ((3π/2) – x) = -cos x cos ((3π/2) – x) = -sin x

Sin ((3π/2) + x) = -cos x Cos ((3π/2) + x) = sin x

Sin (π – x) = sin x Cos (π – x) = – cos x

Sin (π + x) = -sin x Cos (π + x) = -cos x

Sin (2π – x) = -sin x Cos (2π – x) = cos x

Sin (2π + x) = sin x Cos (2π + x) = cos x

Sine Law
sin⁡��=sin⁡��=sin⁡��

Cosine Law
a2 = b2+c2 – 2bc cos A
b2 = c2+ a2 – 2ca cos B
c2 = a2+b2 – 2ab cos C

Product Identities
Sin x cos y = (½)[sin (x+y) + sin (x-y)]
Cos x sin y = (½) [sin (x+y)- sin (x-y)]
Cos x cos y = (½)[cos(x-y) + cos (x+y)]
Sin x sin y = (½) [cos (x-y) – cos (x+y)]

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