Oscillation’s 2025- Research Paper Presentation 05th April 2025

Smart Garbage System

Bhakti Lambate​ Samata Kadam​ Khushwant Chauhan​
Department of Electronics​ Department of Electronics​ Department of Electronics​
(VLSI Design & Technology)​ (VLSI Design & Technology)​ (VLSI Design & Technology)​
Vidyavardhini College of Engineering Vidyavardhini College of Engineering Vidyavardhini College of Engineering
and Technology​ and Technology​ and Technology​
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Project Guide:.- Dr. Ashish Vanmali

Abstract— Smart waste management systems leverage II.​ METHODOLOGY

technology and data to optimize waste management processes from
collection to disposal, making them more efficient, sustainable, and ​ Utilizing an Arduino Uno as the primary microcontroller, the
cost-effective. This project presents a sensor-based automation smart garbage system integrates a motor, relay module, and infrared
sensor to automate waste management. When rubbish is present
system leveraging an Arduino microcontroller, an infrared (IR)
close to the bin, the IR sensor recognizes it. The Arduino interprets
sensor, and an electromechanical relay to control a servo motor. The
the signal and activates the relay module when an item is detected.
system is engineered to detect object presence via the IR sensor, The motor is thereafter turned on by the relay, enabling users to
which sends a digital signal to the Arduino for processing. Based on dispose of waste without coming into contact with it by
the sensor input, the Arduino activates or deactivates the relay, automatically opening the rubbish bin lid. This contactless method
which in turn switches the servo motor on or off. This architecture improves garbage disposal efficiency and hygiene.
demonstrates a low-cost, efficient, and scalable solution for
motion-controlled systems, smart home devices, security systems, ​ The relay module acts as an interface between the Arduino Uno
and basic robotics. The design eliminates the need for complex and the motor, ensuring smooth operation. The motor, typically a
wiring by integrating direct module connections without a servo or DC motor, controls the lid's movement based on signals
breadboard, optimizing space, and improving reliability. from the Arduino. When no object is detected, the motor returns the
lid to its closed position. This system reduces manual effort and
ensures a cleaner environment by minimizing direct contact with the
Keywords—Smart waste management, Smart garbage bin.
bins, Waste collection optimization, Smart city waste
solutions, Sustainable waste disposal ​ To guarantee the lid opens reliably and effectively, determining
the appropriate torque for the servo motor was an important design
factor. We calculated the required torque using several factors,
I.​ INTRODUCTION
including the distance between the pedal's pivot point and the servo
This study investigates the implementation of an IR motor's connection, the estimated force required to begin lifting the
sensor-based control system that uses an Arduino microcontroller potentially heavier lid of a larger bin, and the inclusion of a safety
and an electromechanical relay to actuate a servo motor." The margin to account for operational variations and friction. This
system architecture is constructed such that when the IR sensor investigation indicated that the servo motor required a minimum
detects an item, it sends a digital signal to the Arduino. The torque of 4 kg-cm. This estimated value was a vital criterion in the
microprocessor interprets this input and then activates the relay selection process, guaranteeing that the chosen servo motor had
module, which acts as an electrical switch to activate or deactivate adequate power to consistently and smoothly open the dustbin lid
the linked servo motor. This configuration shows a real-world upon receiving a signal from the Arduino via the relay..
application of sensor-based automation, integrating real-time data ​ The proposed system is cost-effective, easy to implement, and
processing, embedded system control, and electromechanical energy-efficient. It can be powered using a battery or a direct power
actuation to provide efficient and responsive operation. supply, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Future enhancements may include adding a load sensor to monitor
●​ This system's contribution to environmental sustainability garbage levels and a Wi-Fi module for real-time data transmission
is another important benefit. Smart trash systems contribute to municipal authorities. By integrating such features, the smart
to the substantial reduction of waste that ends up in garbage system can contribute to a more efficient and sustainable
landfills by integrating automated waste sorting and waste management process in urban and public areas.
recycling procedures.
●​ This preserves natural resources, lowers greenhouse gas III.​ LITERATURE SURVEY
emissions, and lessens the chance of contaminating the ​ Rapid urbanisation and population increase around the world
land and water. Furthermore, sorting systems driven by AI have exacerbated the issues of solid waste management. Traditional
can distinguish between biodegradable garbage and waste garbage disposal techniques, which include fixed-route waste
that is not, which makes composting and appropriate
collection and static dustbins, have been ineffective in meeting
recycling easier and supports a circular economy.
contemporary environmental and logistical challenges. An
●​ In addition, intelligent garbage systems may promote increasing corpus of research suggests using the Internet of Things
awareness and involvement in the community. Mobile (IoT) to build smart, responsive systems that can automate garbage
applications or public displays that educate the public monitoring, collection, and disposal [1], [6], [8].
about recycling regulations, trash creation trends, and their ​ Several studies have provided a solid foundation for the
contributions to sustainability are examples of several development of IoT-based smart trash management systems.
implementations. Bakhouch et al.'s paper, "Smart Waste Management System Based

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on IoT," describes a comprehensive concept that combines real-time new automation applications such as smart bins, contactless
GPS monitoring with ultrasonic sensors in smart bins [7]. Their switches, and home control systems, opening the way for more
solution allows administrators to monitor dustbin fill levels and intelligent and adaptable settings.
garbage vehicle whereabouts in real time via a web dashboard. This
real-time input reduces unnecessary pickups and enhances route
optimization, saving time, fuel, and human labor while contributing V.​ IMPLEMENTATION & EXPERIMENTATION
to a cleaner environment. Setting up the required hardware, such as the Arduino Uno, IR
​ Similarly, the research article "IoT-based Smart Garbage sensor, relay module, and motor, is the first step in putting the Smart
Monitoring System and Advanced Disciplinary Approach" describes Garbage System into operation. To identify the presence of waste,
a cloud-connected network of smart bins outfitted with an infrared sensor is placed close to the rubbish bin's opening. The
microcontrollers and sensors [1]. These smart bins broadcast waste Arduino receives a signal from the sensor when an item is detected,
level data to a central server, which then schedules rubbish analyzes it, and activates the relay module. The motor that opens
collection only when necessary. The approach not only improves and closes the bin lid is controlled by the relay module, which
efficiency but also incorporates educational and social awareness functions as a switch. The method improves ease and hygiene by
components to promote proper garbage disposal among individuals. guaranteeing that garbage disposal is entirely touch-free.
​ The paper "Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using IoT"
considers the use of embedded microcontrollers like Arduino or
Raspberry Pi, along with GSM modules, to warn municipal workers
when bins reach maximum capacity [2], [3]. The study emphasises
lowering environmental pollution and labour costs while improving
the overall performance of municipal garbage management systems.
​ Another study, "Smart Dustbin for Waste Management,"
emphasises the value of automation in garbage sorting and
collection. Their solution combines infrared sensors and load
sensors to identify the quantity and type of garbage, with
notifications sent to a central dashboard [4], [11]. The project
emphasises the importance of real-time automation in ensuring
sustainable urban cleanliness.​​
​ The "Smart Bin Internet of Things Garbage Monitoring System"
investigates how smart infrastructure may be smoothly integrated
with existing municipal services [5]. The proposed concept
incorporates GSM and GPRS modules for real-time data
transmission while emphasising user interface design for
administrative dashboards. The study shows how technology might
help trash sources and collection authorities communicate more
effectively.​
​ Another valuable contribution is found in the paper “Smart Waste
Management System using IoT”, where the authors design a system Fig 01.: Hardware components used for the project
that combines various sensors and wireless communication
protocols to report bin status [6]. This work particularly focuses on
scalability and affordability, which are key factors for deployment in To ensure proper functionality, the Arduino Uno is programmed
developing countries. using the Arduino IDE. The code defines the behavior of the IR
sensor and motor, instructing the system to respond whenever waste
is detected. When an object is sensed, the relay activates the motor,
IV.​ PROBLEM STATEMENT which lifts the bin lid for a few seconds before closing it again. The
system is powered using a 5V power source, and connections are
​ In today's continuously changing environment, automation has established using jumper wires. The motor used can be either a
become an essential tool for increasing efficiency and eliminating servo motor (which offers precise control over the lid’s movement)
manual involvement. However, many traditional systems use or a DC motor (which may require a motor driver module for
antiquated techniques, such as manual switches, to activate or smooth operation). The relay module acts as a bridge between the
deactivate components such as motors and lights. This reliance not motor and the microcontroller, ensuring safe and efficient power
only creates annoyance but also increases delays and inefficiencies, distribution.
especially in cases that need frequent or real-time operation.
Furthermore, in areas where cleanliness and safety are important,
manually manipulating switches is not practicable or desired.
​ Although different sensor-based systems exist, they frequently
lack the seamless integration of components capable of successfully
processing sensor data and carrying out physical operations via
dependable actuators. Many existing options are either complex,
costly, or need extra connectors and large circuits. There is still a
need to build compact, low-cost systems that can automate simple
processes, such as turning a device on or off, using only sensor
detection and microcontroller logic.
​ This project fills that gap by presenting a system that employs an
IR sensor to detect presence or motion, an Arduino to analyse the
data, and a relay to switch a servo motor accordingly. The objective
is to design a control system that is both efficient and responsive
without requiring intricate breadboard wiring. This configuration
not only simplifies development and lowers costs but also opens up Fig 02.: Block diagram of the project

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This smart garbage system is not only cost-effective but also ​ Future smart bins can be built to gather and upload enormous
energy-efficient and easy to implement. It can be further enhanced amounts of environmental data, such as air quality, humidity, and
by integrating an ultrasonic sensor to measure the garbage level and odour levels near garbage sites. This information might be critical
notify waste collection authorities when the bin is full. Additionally, for local governments to monitor cleanliness standards and uncover
an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module could be added to enable IoT-based health dangers in specific areas. Using this data, authorities can
monitoring, allowing real-time data transmission to municipal waste anticipate sanitation-related epidemics or hazards, allowing for
management systems. By implementing these improvements, the preventive health and safety actions. Smart dustbins can also be
system can contribute to efficient waste management, reducing used for specialised purposes outside of urban and home settings.
manual effort and ensuring cleaner public spaces. The project is
For example, in laboratories or pharmaceutical enterprises, these
implemented using a compact and breadboard-free setup.
systems might be used to safely and automatically dispose of
biohazardous or chemical waste..
Sr. No.: Hardware Pin Connection
Components
​ Finally, as blockchain technology and secure digital
infrastructure evolve, smart bins may one day become nodes in a
01. Infrared Sensor VCC- 3.3V broader decentralised network that tracks garbage generation trends
IN- Pin 02 by household or company. This information might be utilised to
GND- GND develop incentive-based recycling programs in which users receive
points for appropriate garbage disposal. Municipalities might use
02. 5V- DC Relay VCC- 5V this concept to offer green credits or tax breaks, therefore
OUT- Pin 03 connecting trash management with long-term economic plans and
GND- GND developing an environmentally conscious culture.

03. Servo Motor Signal- Pin 09

GND- GND
VCC- 5V

04. Battery (+) terminal-

Servo Signal Pin
(-) terminal-
Arduino GND
Table 01.: Connection of Hardware Components​

VI.​ FUTURE SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

​ As technology progresses, smart dustbins can go from simple
automated tools to interactive and intelligent systems that interact
directly with consumers. Future designs may include voice feedback
or touchless gesture controls that leverage proximity sensors to
improve the user experience, particularly in situations where
cleanliness is crucial.
​ Future developments in garbage segregation may include smart
bins with camera modules and AI-based image recognition systems.
We can add a garbage disposal cycle based on materials. These
features would enable the trashcan to automatically categorise and
divide garbage into biodegradable, recyclable, and non-recyclable
categories. This degree of automation does encourage
environmentally responsible behaviour at the grassroots level.
Integration with robotic arms or sorting systems might improve the Fig 04.:Communication Flow in a Smart Garbage System
precision of this operation.

VII.​ RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Successful testing of the Smart Garbage System's deployment
showed that it could effectively automate the garbage disposal
process. The Arduino Uno activated the relay module and controlled
the motor once the IR sensor precisely identified the presence of an
object close to the bin. The bin lid ensured a touch-free operation by
opening smoothly upon detection and closing automatically after a
brief pause. With little delay between detection and motor
activation, the system demonstrated exceptional responsiveness.
Additionally, the lid movement was precisely controlled by a servo
motor, which avoided sudden or excessive motion. Reliable power
transfer to the motor was ensured by the relay module's effective
handling of the switching operation.
​ The system was tested in a variety of settings, including those
​ with varying illumination and object arrangement. In most
situations, the infrared sensor worked effectively, but in intense
Fig 03: Sensor Detection and Fill Level Visualization sunshine, its accuracy was marginally impacted, leading to sporadic

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false triggers. The reliability of detection was increased by 4.​ P. M. Mahajan, A. S. Jagtap, R. V. Deshmukh, and R. P.
modifying the sensor's positioning and threshold. The system's low Bansode, “Smart Dustbin,” International Journal for
power consumption was also discovered, which makes it Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
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working without alerting users when the bin was full. By including
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chance of contamination by minimizing physical touch. Future
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VIII.​ CONCLUSION Smart Grid Automation and Industry 4.0, Springer, Cham,
2024, pp. 367–378, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-53824-7_29.​
​ The creation of a sensor-driven smart dustbin system
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