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History Exam Notes GES

The Civil War was primarily caused by differing opinions on slavery between Northern and Southern states, culminating in the election of Abraham Lincoln, which led to Southern states seceding and forming the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation aimed to abolish slavery in rebellious states, but did not end it entirely, while the war's conclusion in 1865 strengthened support for abolition. Despite the end of slavery, Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation and discrimination against Black Americans, leading to the rise of the KKK and ongoing racial violence.

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5 views2 pages

History Exam Notes GES

The Civil War was primarily caused by differing opinions on slavery between Northern and Southern states, culminating in the election of Abraham Lincoln, which led to Southern states seceding and forming the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation aimed to abolish slavery in rebellious states, but did not end it entirely, while the war's conclusion in 1865 strengthened support for abolition. Despite the end of slavery, Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation and discrimination against Black Americans, leading to the rise of the KKK and ongoing racial violence.

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raltrjaja
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The causes of the Civil War

- Northern and Southern states had different opinions on Slavery, which is the main
reason that led to the Civil War,
- The elections in 1809 caused a divide in the country
- People were split on Slavery policies
- Abraham Lincoln (Republican) won the elections, but none of the Southern states
voted for him
- The split was mainly between the Southern vs Northern States and people’s
stance on slavery
- Southern states were against the Republican Party, because they did not want to
abolish slavery
- After the elections, Southern states wanted to separate from the North, many
states voted to become part of the Confederacy and separate from the North
(Union). They became the Confederate States of America
- Final event to lead to the Civil War was in Fort Sumter, where a battle broke out
between Loyalists and the Confederates.

Abraham Lincoln and his policies on slavery


- He was very unpopular in the Southern states because people did not want to
abolish slavery
- He was against expanding slavery, and morally wanted to abolish it.
- Many people attacked Lincoln for being an abolitionist
- First he only tried to make policies to stop slavery from spreading in new Western
territories.
- After the elections, Lincoln was able to pass the Emancipation Proclomation in
the third year of the Civil War
- The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the
rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
- The Proclamation only applied to states that seceded from the US, and
not to the Northern states
- The Emancipation act DID NOT end slavery, but it helped, and made the
war a war for freedom also.

Victors and losers of the Civil War


- Confederate troops surrendered which ended the civil war, April 1865
- The Union (North) defeated the confederate states
- The victory strengthened support for the end of slavery, internationally and in the US
- The last slaves in the confederacy were freed in June 1865, now celebrated as
Juneteenth in the US
How the Jim Crow Laws affected Blacks
- Even after the abolition of slavery, Black people in America were not equal citizens
- Jim Crow Laws allowed segregation in US, and restricted Black people until 1968
- It legalized segregation, denying them the right to vote, work and get an education
- Many police officers and judges were former confederate soldiers, so they were
prejudiced against Blacks. It made it difficult for them to win lawsuits
- Blacks were segregated in public, they had separate schools, shops, toilets etc…
Some examples:
”Laws forbade African Americans from living in white neighborhoods.
Segregation was enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals,
asylums, jails and residential homes for the elderly and handicapped.”

“African Americans in court were given a different Bible from white


people to swear on. Marriage and cohabitation between white and
Black people was strictly forbidden in most Southern states.
It was not uncommon to see signs posted at town and city limits
warning African Americans that they were not welcome there”

The emergence of the KKK


- The KKK was a private group for Confederate veterans (former soldiers)
- During the reconstruction era after the Civil War, local governments stopped progress for
Black Americans
- Violence was increasing in schools, people were attached. Lynching was common, and
Black people were forced off their land.
- The Ku Klux Klan was born in 1865, and they were the most dominant group in the
Southern states.
- They began a campaign of violence against Blacks and also against people part of the
Republican Party
- The members often wore masks and long robes, and would attack at night
- They were a White Supremacist group, and wanted to defeat the reconstruction after the
Civil War

Key words:
Southern states v. Northern States
Industrialisation
Segregation
Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
Slavery
Abolition
Jim Crow Laws

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