ACADEMIC Reading Module

Reading Passage 1:Bringing cinnamon to Europe

Questions 1-7 (Completing notes with ONE WORD ONLY):

In this type of question, candidates are asked to write only one word to
complete a note on the given topic. For this type of question, first, skim the
passage to find the keywords in the paragraph concerned with the answer,
and then scan to find the exact word.

[TIPS: Here scanning technique will come in handy. Target the keywords of
the questions to find the answers. Remember to focus on Proper nouns,
random Capital letters, numbers, special characters of text etc.]

Question 1: added to ______

Keywords for these answers: Biblical times, added

We can easily find the answer to this question in lines 2-4 in paragraph no. 1.
Here, the author of the passage states, “ ….. It was known in biblical
times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient
that was mixed with oils for anointing people’s bodies . .. .”

*mixed with = added to

So, it is clear from the lines that in the biblical times cinnamon was added to
oils.

So, the answer is: oils

Question 2: used to show _________ between people.

Keywords for this answer: used, show, between people

The answer to this question is in line 4 of paragraph no. 1.

“…. . .people’s bodies and also as a token indicating friendship
among lovers and friends.”

*token indicating = show, lovers and friends = people

So, the answer is: friendship

Question 3: used for its sweet smell at __________.

Keywords for this answer: Ancient Rome, used, sweet smell

The answer can be found in paragraph 1, lines 5-6. The lines say, “In ancient
Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a pleasant
scent.”

*pleasant scent = sweet smell

This means cinnamon was burnt at funerals for creating a sweet smell.

So, the answer is: funerals

Question 4: was an indication of a person’s ________.

Keywords for this answer: Middle ages, food, meat, indication, person’s

We find the keywords Middle Ages, food, meat, etc. in lines 7-8 of paragraph
no. 1. So, we continue reading from here. In lines 8-9, the author mentions,
“… . . At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with spices piled upon
it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal.”

*sign = indication

So, the answer is: wealth

Question 5: known as a treatment for __________ and other health

problems.

Keywords for these answers: treatment, other health problems

The last lines of paragraph 1 have the answer to this question. Here, in lines
11-12, the author states, “.. . .. Cinnamon was also reported to have health
benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion.”

*cure = treatment, various ailments = other health problems

So, the answer is: indigestion

Question 6: grown in _______.

Keywords for this answer: Middle ages, grown

We can see another reference to the Middle ages in paragraph 2. So, we

need to look carefully here for the word ‘grown’ or any similar words close
to ‘grown’. In line 6 of paragraph no. 2, the writer says, “They took it from
India, where it was grown, . . ..”

So, the answer is: India

Question 7: merchants used ________ to bring it to the Mediterranean

Keywords for this answer: merchants, bring, Mediterranean

In paragraph no. 2 line 6, the author mentions the word merchants in line 3,
“ .. . . At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who
closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals.”
The next line has the answer. “. .. . They took it from India, where it was
grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean.”. As we find
the mention of the word Mediterranean, we can understand that they used
camels to bring cinnamon to the Mediterranean.

So, the answer is:camels

Question 8: arrived in the Mediterranean at ________.

Keywords for this answer: arrived in, Mediterranean

The question has a preposition ‘at’ after the word Mediterranean. This means
cinnamon arrived at a fixed place which is located in the Mediterranean
region. In line 6 of paragraph no. 2, the author writes, “… .. to
the Mediterranean. Their journey ended when they reached Alexandria.”

So, the answer is: Alexandria

Question 9: traders took it to ______ and sold it to destinations around

Europe.

Keywords for this answer: traders, took, sold, destinations, Europe

The word ‘European’ and ‘traders’ are found in lines 6 and 7 of paragraph no.
2. Here, the author says, “… … European traders sailed there to purchase
their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then
traveled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe.” This
means the traders took cinnamon to Venice and then sold it all around
Europe.

So, the answer is: Venice

Questions 10-13 (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN):

In this type of question, candidates are asked to find out whether:

The statement in the question matches with the account in the text- TRUE
The statement in the question contradicts the account in the text- FALSE
There is no clear connection of the statement with the account in the
text- NOT GIVEN

For this type of question, you can divide each statement into three
independent pieces and make your way through with the answer.

Question 10: The Portuguese had control over the cinnamon trade in
Ceylon throughout the 16th century.
Keywords for these answers: Portuguese, control, Ceylon, 16th century

In paragraph no. 3, line 1, we find about the Portuguese. In the very next
line, we can also see the word Ceylon. But candidates shouldn’t make
mistakes and start reading the whole paragraph because you won’t find the
reference of the 16th century here.

All these keywords – Portuguese, Ceylon, 16 th century – can be found

together at the very end of paragraph no. 3. Go straight there and read the
last few lines.

In lines 10-12, the author says, “In 1518, the Portuguese built a fort
on Ceylon, which enabled them to protect the island, so helping them to
develop a monopoly in the cinnamon trade and generate very high profits. In
the late 16th century, for example, they enjoyed a tenfold profit. … .”

These lines directly indicate that the Portuguese built the fort in Ceylon to
take complete control of the cinnamon business, and by the 16th century,
they got ten times more profit from it.

So, the answer is: TRUE

Question 11: The Dutch took over the cinnamon trade from the
Portuguese as soon as they arrived in Ceylon.

Keywords for this answer: The Dutch, cinnamon trade, the Portuguese,
as soon as, arrived

We can see the phrase ‘the Dutch’ in line 1 of paragraph no. 4. So, we need
to find the information here.

The Dutch, as mentioned in the paragraph, arrived in Ceylon ‘at the very
beginning of the 17th century’. In lines 5-6, the writer says, “. .. .. . By 1640,
the Dutch broke the 150-year Portuguese monopoly when they overran and
occupied their factories.” Therefore, we can understand that it took the
Dutch about 40 long years to take control of the Portuguese monopoly of
cinnamon.

So, the answer is: FALSE

Question 12: The trees planted by the Dutch produced larger

quantities of cinnamon than the wild trees.

Keywords for this answer: trees, the Dutch, larger quantities, wild
trees

In paragraph no. 5, we can see the reference to cinnamon trees and wild
trees.
In the question, there is a comparison between local cinnamon trees and wild
cinnamon trees on the quantities produced by trees planted by the Dutch
and the wild trees. The final lines say, “… .. Eventually, the Dutch began
cultivating their own cinnamon trees to supplement the diminishing number
of wild trees available for use.” But this doesn’t confirm for us of the quantity
of cinnamon produced by the trees planted by the Dutch or wild species of
cinnamon trees.

So the answer is: NOT GIVEN

Question 13: The spice trade maintained its economic importance

during the 19th century.

Keywords for this answer: spice trade, maintained, economic

importance, 19th century

The final paragraph or paragraph no. 6 has the answer to this question. In
the second line, we find a reference to the 19th century. So, we should read
the line. Here, the writer says, “…. By the middle of the 19th century,
production of cinnamon reached 1000 tons a year, after a lower grade
quality of the spice became acceptable to European tastes.” It seems the
answer may be TRUE. But if you read further in lines 6-7, you will find a
contrasting picture. “.. .. Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon becoming
impossible, but also the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic
potential. .. .. . .” This means cinnamon trade could not maintain economic
importance during the 19th century.

So, the answer is: FALSE

Reading Passage 2: Stadiums: past, present, and future

Questions 14-17: Identifying information

[This question asks you to find information from the passage and write the
number of the paragraph (A, B, C or D … .. ) in the answer sheet. Now, if the
question is given in the very first part of the question set, I’d request you not
to answer it. It’s mainly because this question will not follow any sequence,
and so it will surely kill your time. Rather, you should answer all the other
questions first. And just like the List of Headings, only read the first two lines
or final two lines of the expected paragraph initially. If you find the answers,
you need not read the middle part. If you don’t find answers yet, you can
skim the middle part of the paragraph. Keywords will be a useful matter
here.]

Question no. 14: a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building

projects
Keywords for the question: negative attitudes, stadium building
projects,

The answer to this question is in the second paragraph of section A. Here,

the writer of the text says, “Today, however, stadiums are regarded with
growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion,
and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the
FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.”

Here, regarded with growing scepticism = negative attitudes,

Construction costs can soar above £1 billion & notably fallen into
disuse and disrepair = negatives attitudes,

So, the answer is: A

Question no. 15: figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a

certain stadium

Keywords for the question: figures, environmental benefits, a certain

stadium,

In section F, the writer describes the environmental benefits of a particular

stadium in the second paragraph. Let’s read the second paragraph, “Freiburg
Mage Solar Stadium in Germany is the first of a new wave of stadiums as
power plants, which also includes the Amsterdam Arena and the Kaohsiung
Stadium. The latter, inaugurated in 2009, has 8,844 photovoltaic panels
producing up to 1.14 GWh of electricity annually. This reduces the
annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and supplies up to 80
percent of the surrounding area when the stadium is not in use. This
is proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly
positive impact in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions.”

Here, proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly
positive impact in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions = the
environmental benefits of a certain stadium,

reduces the annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and

supplies up to 80 percent of the surrounding area = figures,

So, the answer is: F

Question no. 16: examples of the wide range of facilities available at some
new stadiums

Keywords for the question: wide range of facilities, at some new

stadiums,
In section E, the author of the passage says in the second paragraph,
“There’s a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and
services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets,
conference centres, restaurants and bars, children’s playgrounds, and green
space. . .. … ..”

Here, hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and

bars, children’s playgrounds, and green space = wide range of
facilities available at some new stadiums,

So, the answer is: E

Question no. 17: reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built

during a certain era

Keywords for the question: disadvantages, stadiums built, during a

certain era,

The first paragraph of section D says, “ . .. . .. .. .. But some of the

flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century, as stadiums
were developed using new products such as steel and reinforced concrete,
and made use of bright lights for night-time matches.”

Here, the 20th century = a certain era, some of the flexibility was
lost = the disadvantages,

So, the answer is: D

Questions 18-22: Summary completion

[In this kind of question, candidates are given a summary for one, two or
three paragraphs with some fill-in-the-blank questions. Candidates need to
find out the related paragraphs by correctly studying the keywords from the
questions. Then, they should follow the steps of finding answers to fill in the
gaps with ONE WORD ONLY.]

Title of the summary: Roman

amphitheatres
Question no. 18: The Roman stadiums of Europe have proved very
versatile. The amphitheatre of Aries, for example, was converted first into a
____________.

Keywords for the question: Roman stadiums, Europe, proved, versatile,

the amphitheatre of Aries, was converted first into,

The first few lines of Paragraph no. 1 in Section B give us the answer to this
question as the author writes here, “The amphitheatre of Aries in
southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps the best
example of just how versatile stadiums can be. Built by the Romans in
90 AD, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth
century, . . .. .. . . .”

Here, just how versatile stadiums can be = proved very versatile,

became = converted into,

So, the answer is: fortress

Question no. 19: . .. .. . .. . then into a residential area and finally into an
arena where spectators could watch ____________.

Keywords for the question: then, into, residential area, finally into,
arena, where, spectators could watch,

Again, in section B paragraph no. 1, in lines 4-6, the writer says, “ . . .. . and
was then transformed into a village containing more than 200
houses. With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it
was converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby
returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles..”

Here, transformed into a village containing more than 200 houses =

transformed into a residential area,

So, the answer is: bullfights

Question no. 20: Meanwhile, the arena in Verona, one of the oldest Roman
amphitheatres, is famous today as a venue where ___________ is performed.

Keywords for the question: Meanwhile, arena in Verona, one of the

oldest Roman amphitheatres, famous today, as a venue, is
performed,

In Section B, in the second paragraph, the writer says, “Another example is

the imposing arena of Verona in northern Italy, with space for 30,000
spectators, which was built 60 years before the Arles amphitheatre and 40
years before Rome’s famous Colosseum. It has endured the
centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime
sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.”

Here, It has endured the centuries = one of the oldest Roman

amphitheatres, one of the world’s prime sites = famous today as a
venue,

So, the answer is: opera

Question no. 21: The site of Lucca’s amphitheatre has also been used for
many purposes over the centuries, including the storage of ___________.
Keywords for the question: The site of Lucca’s amphitheatre also been
used for many purposes the storage of,

In Section C, lines 1-5 say, “The area in the centre of the Italian town of
Lucca, known as the Piazza dell’ Anfiteatro, is yet another impressive
example of an amphitheatre becoming absorbed into the fabric of the city.
The site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with
buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as
houses, a salt depot and a prison… . .. .. ..”

Here, variously used = been used for many purposes, depot =

storage,

So, the answer is: salt

Question no. 22: It is now a market square with ___________ and homes
incorporated into the remains of the Roman amphitheatre.

Keywords for the question: now a market square, with, homes,

incorporated into, remains of the Roman amphitheatre,

Lines 5-7 of Section C say, “ . . .. But rather than reverting to an arena,

it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo
Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the
various shops and residences surrounding the public square.”

Here, residences = homes,

So, the answer is: shops

Questions 23-26: Choosing TWO letters/ options from given list

[In this kind of question candidates must choose two or three answers for
each question from five or six options. The answers will not follow any
sequential order as they are randomly spread in the text, so this question
will be time-consuming. Skimming will come in handy and previous reading
of the text can come in use. Therefore, other questions should be answered
first before answering this question.]

Questions no. 23 & 24: When comparing twentieth-century stadiums to

ancient amphitheatres in Section D, which TWO negative features does the
writer mention?

Keywords for the question: comparing, twentieth-century stadiums, to

ancient amphitheatres, Section D, TWO negative features,

Let’s have a look at Section D.

Section D has two paragraphs. In the second paragraph, the writer says,
“Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for
sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that
they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more
energy to run and contribute to urban heat.”

Here, designed for sporting use only = less versatile,

may not be as accessible to the general public = in less convenient

locations,

So, the answers are:

C (They are in less convenient locations.)

D (They are less versatile.)

Questions no. 25 & 26: Which TWO advantages of modern stadium design
does the writer mention?

Keywords for the question: TWO advantages of modern stadium design,

In Section E, the first paragraph has the answer for these two questions. The
writer says here, “But many of today’s most innovative architects see scope
for the stadium to help improve the city. Among the current strategies, two
seem to be having success: the stadium as an urban hub, and as a power
plant.”

Here, as an urban hub = bringing community life back into the city
environment,

as a power plant = providing a suitable site for the installation of

renewable power generators,

Then, in the following paragraphs and section, the writer explains these two
points with examples.

So, the answers are:

B (bringing community life back into the city environment)

E (providing a suitable site for the installation of renewable power

generators)

Reading Passage 3:The headline of the passage: Making the

most of trends
Questions 27-31: (Multiple Choice Questions)

[‘Multiple choice questions’ is a common type of question set in the IELTS

Reading test. It is also found in the Listening test. Most of the time, they
come with four options but sometimes there are three options. Candidates
need to work hard for this type of questions because this may confuse them
easily in passage 2 or passage 3. There will be long answers for each
question, so they may kill valuable time. So, quick reading or skimming
technique might come handy here. Remember that answers in 3 options out
of 4 will be very close. So, vocabulary power will help a lot to choose the best
answer.]

TIPS: Skimming is the best reading technique. You need not understand
every word here. Just try to gather the gist of the sentences. That’s all. Read
quickly and don’t stop until you finish each sentence.

Question 27: In the first paragraph, the writer says that most
managers –

Keywords for this question: first paragraph, most managers

The answer is in lines 3-4 of paragraph no. 1. The writer says here,
“… .. ..that managers often fail to recognise the less obvious but
profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations,
attitudes and behaviors.” The lines indicate that most managers fail to
recognize or are unaware of the impacts of these trends on customers’ lives.

So, the answer is: D (are unaware of the significant impact that trends
have on consumers’ lives.)

Question 28: According to the third paragraph, Coach was anxious

to –

Keywords for this question: third paragraph, Coach, anxious

In the third paragraph, we find about the company Coach in line 4. So, we
read from there. Our answer is in lines 6-7 of paragraph no. 3. Here, the
writer of the passage says, “… However, that would have risked cheapening
the brand’s image …..” So, it can be understood from the lines that the
strategy that the company ‘Coach’ were considering to lower their product’s
price. But they feared that it would risk/harm the image or goodwill of the
company. Coach wanted to keep its brand image.

So, the answer is: C (safeguard its reputation as a manufacturer of

luxury goods.)

Question 29: What point is made about Tesco’s Greener Living

Programme?

Keywords for this question: Tesco’s Greener Living Programme

The answer is in the fourth paragraph because it talks about Tesco. The
phrase “Greener Living Program” is found in line 3. Take a look at lines 7-9,
“…. Tesco has not abandoned its traditional retail offerings but
augmented its business with these innovations, thereby infusing its value
proposition with a green streak.” So, it can be realized from the lines that
Tesco did not need to change its traditional (core) business activities; they
only made it larger (augmented).

So, the answer is: A (it did not require Tesco to modify its core
business activities.)

Question 30: What does the writer suggest about Nike’s strategy?

Keywords for this question: suggest, Nike’s strategy

The answer to this question lies in paragraph no. 5 where we see discussion
about Nike’s ‘radical strategy’. Here, in lines 4-5, the author says, “At first
glance, spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly
irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly
worthwhile.” These lines indicate that the process might look like to have
little value or fewer benefits.

So, the answer is: D (it was the kind of strategy which might appear to
have few obvious benefits.)

Question 31: What was original about the ME2?

Keywords for this question: original about ME2

We find information about the video game ME2, created by Canada’s iToys,
in paragraph no. 6. Here, we get quite a long reference to the game’s
originality. Skim the lines 4-7, “By reaffirming the toy category’s association
with physical play, the ME2 counteracted some of the widely perceived
negative impacts of digital gaming devices. Like other handheld games…. .
….”

Here, the lines confirm that the game was handheld and it actually gave an
excellent response to the worries of people about negative impacts of video
games.

So, the answer is: D (It was a handheld game that addressed people’s
concerns about unhealthy lifestyles.)

Questions 32-37 (Matching statements with the company)

(The rules for finding answers to this sort of question are simple. Just read
around it carefully and find the name of the company. Then, give a quick
look to check whether there is another statement or idea provided by the
same company in the text. If there is, check the reference carefully and
decide your answer. Remember, the questions may not follow any sequential
order.)
Question 32: It turned the notion that its products could have
harmful effects to its own advantages.

Keywords for this question: could have harmful effects, own advantage

The answer can be found in lines 4-6 of the sixth paragraph where the writer
mentions a negative aspect of iToys, “…. …by Canda’s iToys. By reaffirming
the toy category’s association with physical play, the ME2 counteracted
some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital gaming devices.”
Here, ‘counteracted some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital
gaming devices’ – means that the game has prevented some of the most
common negative impacts of video gaming devices.

Here, negative effects = harmful impacts

So, the answer is: D (iToys)

Question 33: It extended its offering by collaborating with another

manufacturer.

Keywords for this question: collaborating with another manufacturer

The answer is in lines 6-7 of paragraph no. 5. Here, the author writes about
Nike, “In 2006, they teamed up with the technological company Apple to
launch Nike+. .. . .” Here, teamed up means collaborating.

So, the answer is: C (Nike)

Question 34: It implemented an incentive scheme to demonstrate its

corporate social responsibility.

Keywords for this question: incentive scheme, demonstrate, corporate

social responsibility

The answer lies in lines 5-7 of paragraph no. 4. Here, we find a reference of
Tesco’s implementation of an incentive (encouragement) – “Tesco customers
can accumulate points for such activities as reusing bags, recycling, cans
and printer cartridges, and buying home-insulation materials. Like points
earned on regular purchases, these green points can be redeemed for cash.”
– This is clearly a reference to incentive scheme which is seen as a corporate
social responsibility because Tesco is helping the society to be greener.

So, the answer is: B (Tesco)

Question 35: It discovered that customers had a positive attitude

towards dealing with difficult circumstances.

Keywords for this question: customers, positive attitude, difficult

circumstances
Lines 7-8 of paragraph no. 3 contain the answer for this question. Here, the
author talks about the economic downturn of 2008 and a strategy of the
company Coach, “…. . .. project which revealed that customers were eager
to lift themselves and the country out of rough times.” Here, the lines mean
that customers were eager or positive to help themselves and the whole
country.

So, the answer is: A (Coach)

Question 36: It responded to a growing lifestyle trend in an

unrelated product sector.

Keywords for this question: growing lifestyle trend, unrelated product

sector

The answer is on the same lines from where we previously found the answer
to question no. 30. The writer says, “…. .. spending resources to incorporate
elements of a seriously irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings….”

Here, irrelevant trend = unrelated product sector

Also, the paragraph gives information about Nike’s integration with Apple,
the tech giant. Technology is considered a growing lifestyle trend.

So, the answer is: C (Nike)

Question 37: It successfully avoided having to change its customers

less for its core products.

Keywords for this question: successfully avoided, change customers

less

The answer is found in lines 10-11 of paragraph no. 3. The author says here,
“… . .Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avert an across-the-board
product.” Here, avert = avoid, price cut = charge less

So, the answer is: A (Coach)

Questions 38-40: (Completing sentences/sentence completion)

[Here, candidates have to complete sentences by matching one part of the

sentence with the other. Candidates need to check the keywords from the
question parts and try to match those keywords with the information given in
the passage.]

Question 38: If there are any trend-related changes impacting on your

category, you should

Keywords for this question: trend-related changes, impacting, category

The answer to this question is in lines 1-2 of paragraph no. 7. The writer
says, “Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in
consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can
determine which of our three innovation strategies to pursue.”

Here, we find keywords like trend-related changes, impact and category.

Also, determine = identify

So, the answer is: B (identify the most appropriate innovation strategy
to use)

Question 39: If a current trend highlights a negative aspect of your

category, you should

Keywords for this question: current trend, highlights, negative aspect,

category

Answer to this question can be found in the last few lines of paragraph no. 7.
The author writes, “… .. if aspects of the category clash with undesired
outcomes of a trend, such as associates with unhealthy lifestyles, there is an
opportunity to counteract these changes by reaffirming the core values of
your category.”

Here, undesired outcomes = negative aspect

Also, we find here keywords like counteract, reaffirming, core, values

So, the answer is: C (emphasise your brand’s traditional value with
the counteract-and-affirm strategy)

Question 40: If the consumers’ new focus has an increasing lack of

connection with your offering, you should

Keywords for this question: customers’ new focus, increasing lack of

connection,

The answer is in lines 5-6 of paragraph no. 7. The writer says, “.. .. If analysis
reveals an increasing disparity between your category and consumers’ new
focus, your innovations need to transcend the category to integrate the two
worlds”.

Here, increasing disparity = increasing lack of connection

Also, we find words like transcend, integrate, two worlds

So, the answer is: D (use the combine-and-transcend strategy to

integrate the two worlds.)
 Let's Start a Conversation
Point of Contact:
Call us at:
+84-862260086
Email us at:
[email protected]
Address:
29/7b Hoang Dieu, Ward 10, Phu Nhuan District, HCMC,
70000