A Project Report on

“Setup Static & Dynamic Dhcp Server”

Submitted By:

1. Niyati Gulab Khandare (3328)

2. Rashmi Dayanand Pandey (3343)
3. Gauri Laxmikant Purohit (3349)

Guided By:
Prof.N.S.Jadhao

Submitted To:
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC HINGOLI

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Miss. Niyati Gulab Khandare , Rashmi Dayanand Pandey ,
Gauri Laxmikant Purohit Roll No. 3328, 3343, 3349 of fifth Semester of Diploma
in Computer Engineering of Government Polytechnic Hingoli has completed the
Micro Project satisfactorily in course Advance Computer Network (22520)for the
academic year2024-25 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : Hingoli Enrollment No: 2211630166, 2211630183,

2211630190

Date : / /2024

Course Coordinator HOD Principal

Prof. N. S Jadhao Prof. N. S Jadhao Prof. B.P. Deosarker

i
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI
MICRO PROJECT
Progress Report / Weekly Report
Name of the Project: SETUP STATIC & DYNAMIC DHCP
SERVER Course: Advance Computer Network (22520)
Program: Computer Engineering (CO5I) Roll No. . 3328,
3343, 3349

Sign of
Wee Duratio
Da Work / Activity Performed the
k nin
te Faculty
No Hrs.
1 03/09/2024
1/2 Collecting Information
2 04/09/2024 1/4 Collecting Images regarding e-commerce
3 15/09/2024 1 Searching About project
4 16/09/2024 1/2 Collecting Information regarding ItsArchitecture
5 18/09/2024 1 Finding the advantages
6 22/09/2024 2 Analyzing its Future Scope
7 23/09/2024 1/2 Searching its real-life applications
8 28/09/2024 4 Preparing the Project Report Format
9 02/10/2024 2 Adding the collected information in the report
10 05/10/2024 2 Adding the images in the report
11 12/10/2024 Reformatting the Report
2
12 16/10/2024 1 Preparing the indexes of the report

13 20/0/12024 1/4 Making Final Changes in the Report

14 23/10/2024 1 Reviewing the report again and eliminating the
mistakes
15 08/10/2024 1/2 Finalizing the Micro-Project
16 - Submitting Report to the teacher

2
 Teacher’s Evaluation Sheet for Micro Project
Course Title and Code: - Advance Computer Network (22520)

Title of the Project: SETUP STATIC & DYNAMIC DHCP SERVER

Group No: -

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

Apply various software testing methods.

CO a:
Prepare test cases for different types and levels of testing.
CO b:
Prepare test plan for an application..
CO c:
Identify bugs to create defect report of given application.
CO d:
Test software for performance measures using automated testing tools.
CO e:

Marks:-

Marks obtained
Marks for by the Total
Roll No. Name Of Student Group Work individual Marks
(06) based on viva (10)
(04)
3328 Niyati Gulab Khandare
3343 Rashmi Dayanand Pandey
3349 Gauri Laxmikant Purohit

Name and designation of Faculty : Prof.N.S.Jadhao

Lecturer,Computer Engg. Dept.

Signature:

3
Action plan: -

Name of the
Planned responsible
Planned
Details of activity finish date Team
start date
Member
Sr. No.
Collecting Information 03/09/2024 04/09/2024 Niyati G.
1 Khandare
Collecting Images 04/09/2024 15/09/2024 Rashmi D.
Pandey
2
Searching About project 15/09/2024 16/09/2024 Gauri L. Purohit
3
Collecting Information regarding Its 16/09/2024 18/09/2024 Niyati G.
Architecture Khandare
4
18/09/2024 22/09/2024 Rashmi D.
Finding the advantages Pandey
5
22/09/2024 23/09/2024 Gauri L. Purohit
Analyzing its Future Scope
6
23/09/2024 28/09/2024 Niyati G.
Searching its real-life applications Khandare
7
28/09/2024 02/10/2024 Rashmi D.
Preparing the Project Report Format Pandey
8
Adding the collected information in 02/10/2024 05/10/2024 Gauri L. Purohit
9 the report
Adding the images in the report 05/10/2024 12/10/2024 Niyati G.
Khandare
10
Reformatting the Report 12/10/2024 16/10/2024 Rashmi D.
11 Pandey
Preparing the indexes of the report 16/10/2024 20/0/12024 Gauri L. Purohit
12
Making Final Changes in the Report 20/0/12024 23/10/2024 Niyati G.
13 Khandare
Reviewing the report again and 23/10/2024 08/10/2024 Rashmi D.
eliminating the mistakes Pandey
14
08/10/2024 08/10/2024 Gauri L. Purohit
15 Finalizing the Micro-Project
All members
Submitting Report to the teacher
16

4
 Resources Required: -

SR. Name of the Resources Specification Quantity Remark

No.
-
1 Computer System 4GB RAM,1 TB HDD, 1
AMD processor with
Windows 10 OS

- -
2 MS Office, MS Excel 2019

Actual Procedure Followed: -

1. Collecting Information
2. Collecting Images
3. Searching About project
4. Collecting Information regarding Its Architecture
5. Preparing the Project Report Format
6. Adding the collected information in the report
7. Adding the images in the report
8. Reformatting the Report
9. Preparing the indexes of the report
10. Making Final Changes in the Report
11. Reviewing the report again and eliminating the mistakes
12. Finalizing the Micro-Project
13. Submitting Report to the teacher

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my great pleasure to acknowledge my research guide Prof. N.S. Jadhao lecturer in

Government Polytechnic, Hingoli, His valuable guidance, constant inspiration, unending
support helped me a lot of focus my views in proper perspective.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. N.S. Jadhao for their invaluable
guidance, support, and encouragement throughout this project. Their expertise, insight, and
advice have been instrumental in helping me to overcome challenges and achieve success. I
am truly grateful for their leadership and mentorship, which have been essential to my growth
and development asa professional. Thank you for your unwavering commitment to excellence
and for being an inspiration to us all.

Our sincere and whole hearted thanks Prof. B. P. Deosarkar, principal Government
Polytechnic, Hingoli for inspiring us to achieve highest goal. Last but not least I am also
thankful to my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing the project within limited
time frame. Thank you.

Name of the student :

1. Niyati Gulab Khandare 3328
2. Rashmi Dayanand Pandey 3343
3. Gauri Laxmikant Purohit 3349

6
 INDEX
Sr. Content Page No.
No.
1. Abstract 5
2. Introduction 6
3. Rationale 7
4. Literature review 8&9
5. PROS and cons of DHCP 10 to 16
6. Actual Methodology 17 & 18
7. Steps 19
8. Benefits of micro project 20
9. Applications of micro project 20
10. Conclusion 20
11. Refernces 21

7
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A DHCP SERVER CLIENT?

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses,
default gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard
protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast
queries by clients.
A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to properly
communicate on the network. Without it, the network administrator has to manually set up
every client that joins the network, which can be cumbersome, especially in large networks.
DHCP servers usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address, which changes
when the client's lease for that IP address has expired.
 STATIC DHCP SERVER:

A static IP address is an address that is permanently assigned to your network devices by

your ISP, and does not change even if your device reboots. Static IP addresses typically have
two versions: IPv4 and IPv6. Static routing is a common function for today's network
switches. Many of FS 10gbe switches feature static routing, such as FS S5900-248 switch
which supports both IPV4 and IPV6. A static IP address is usually assigned to a server.
hosting websites, and provides email, VPN and FTP services. In static IP addressing, cach
device on the network has its own address with no overlap and you'll have to configure the
static IP addresses manually. When new devices are connected to a network, you would have
to select the "manual" configuration option and input the IP address, the subnet mask, the
default gateway and the DNS server.
 DYNAMIC DHCP SERVER:

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used
on UDP/IP networks whereby a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other
network configuration parameters to each device on a network so they can communicate with
other IP networks. A DHCP server enables computers to request IP addresses and networking
parameters automatically from the Internet service provider (ISP), reducing the need for a
network administrator or a user to manually assign IP addresses to all network devices. In the
absence of a DHCP server, a computer or other device on the network needs to be manually
assigned an IP address, or to assign itself an APIPA address, which will not enable it to
communicate outside its local subnet.

8
DHCP can be implemented on networks ranging in size from home networks to large campus
networks and regional Internet service provider networks. A router or a residential gateway
can be enabled to act as a DHCP server. Most residential network routers receive a globally
unique IP address within the ISP network. Within a local network, a DHCP server assigns a
local IP address to each device connected to the network.

Rationale

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to

dynamically assign an IP address to any new node entering the network. DHCP permits a
node to be configured automatically, thereby avoiding the necessity of involvement by a
network administrator. It Manages the provision of all the nodes added or dropped from the
network Maintains the unique IP address of the host using a DHCP server Sends a request to
the DHCP server whenever a client/node, which is configured to work with DHCP, connects
to a network. The server acknowledges by providing an IP address to the client/node.
Literature Review:

A DHCP server is used to issue unique IP addresses and automatically configure other
network information. In most homes and small businesses, the router acts as the DHCP
server. In large networks, a single computer might act as the DHCP server.
In short, the process goes like this: A device (the client) requests an IP address from a router
(the host), after which the host assigns an available IP address to allow the client to
communicate on the network. A bit more detail below...
Once a device is turned on and connected to a network that has a DHCP server, it will send a
request to the server, called a DHCPDISCOVER request.
After the DISCOVER packet reaches the DHCP server, the server attempts to hold on to an
IP address that the device can use, and then offers the client the address with a DHCPOFFER
packet.
Once the offer has been made for the chosen IP address, the device responds to the DHCP
server with a DHCPREQUEST packet to accept it, after which the server sends an ACK
that's used to confirm that the device has that specific IP address and to define the amount of
time that the device can use the address before getting a new one.
If the server decides that the device cannot have the IP address, it will send a NACK.

9
All of this, of course, happens very quickly and you don't need to know any of the technical
details you just read in order to get an IP address from a DHCP server.
PROS AND CONS OF USING DHCP

A computer, or any other device that connects to a network (local or internet), must be
properly configured to communicate on that network. Since DHCP allows that configuration
to happen automatically, it's used in almost every device that connects to a network including
computers, switches, smartphones, gaming consoles, etc.
Because of this dynamic IP address assignment, there's less of a chance that two devices will
have the same IP address, which is very easy to run into when using manually-assigned, static
IP addresses.
Using DHCP also makes a network much easier to manage. From an administrative point of
view, every device on the network can get an IP address with nothing more than their default
network settings, which is set up to obtain an address automatically. The only other
alternative is to manually assign addresses to each and every device on the network.
Because these devices can get an IP address automatically, they can move freely from one
network to another (given that they're all set up with DHCP) and receive an IP address
automatically, which is super helpful with mobile devices.
In most cases, when a device has an IP address assigned by a DHCP server, that IP address.
will change each time the device joins the network. If IP addresses are assigned manually, it
means administration must not only give out a specific address to each new client, but
existing addresses that are already assigned must be manually unassigned for any other
device to use that same address. This is not only time-consuming, but manually configuring
each device also increases the chance of running into human-made errors.
Though there are plenty of advantages to using DHCP, there are certainly some
disadvantages as well. Dynamic, changing IP addresses should not be used for devices that
are stationary and need constant access, like printers and file servers.
Although devices like that exist predominantly in office environments, it's impractical to
assign them with an ever-changing IP address. For example, if a network printer has an IP
address that will change at some point in the future, then every computer that's connected to
that printer will have to regularly update their settings so their computers will understand how
to contact the printer.
This type of setup is extremely unnecessary and can be easily avoided by not using DHCP for
those types of devices, and instead by assigning a static IP address to them.

10
The same idea comes into play if you need to have permanent remote access to a computer in
your home network. If DHCP is enabled, that computer will get a new IP address at some
point, which means the one you've recorded as that computer having, will not be accurate for
long. If you're using remote access software that relies on a IP address-based access, you'll
need to use a static IP address for that device.
More Information On DHCP
A DHCP server defines a scope, or range, of IP addresses that it uses to serve devices with an
address. This pool of addresses is the only way a device can obtain a valid network
connection.
This is another reason DHCP is so useful because it allows lots of devices to connect to a
network over a period of time without needing a massive pool of available addresses. For
example, even if only 20 addresses are defined by the DHCP server, 30, 50, or even 200 (or
more) devices can connect to the network so long as no more than 20 are using one of the
available IP address simultaneously.
Because DHCP assigns IP addresses for a specific period of time (a lease period), using
commands like ipconfig to find your computer's IP address will yield different results over
time.
Though DHCP is used to deliver dynamic IP addresses to its clients, it doesn't mean static IP
addresses can't also be used at the same time. A mixture of devices that are getting dynamic
addresses and devices that have their IP addresses manually assigned to them, can both exist
on the same network. Even an ISP uses DHCP to assign IP addresses. This can be seen when
identifying your public IP address. It will likely change over time unless your home network
has a static IP address, which is usually only the case for businesses that have publicly
accessible web services. In Windows, APIPA assigns a special temporary IP address when
the DHCP server fails to deliver a functional one to a device, and uses this address until it can
obtain one that works.
The Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force
created DHCP.

11
 Actual Methodology Followed:
 INTRODUCTION

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses,
default gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard
protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast
queries by clients.
A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for clients to properly
communicate on the network. Without it, the network administrator has to manually set up
every client that joins the network, which can be cumbersome, especially in large networks.
DHCP servers usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address, which changes
when the client's lease for that IP address has expired

12
  How it work?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that is commonly used in

networks for dynamic IP addressing configuration. Every user's device needs at least IP
address to join the network and connect to services. When computer first connects to local
network with cable or WiFi SSID, first thing is to look for IP address, netmask, default
gateway and DNS servers.
 How does DHCP work?

Host connecting to network (cable or wireless) sends DHCP discover message to all hosts in
Layer 2 segment (destination address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF). Frame with this DISCOVER
message hits the DHCP Server.

DHCP Discover packet

2.After the DHCP Server receives discover message it suggests the IP addressing offering to
the client host by unicast. This OFFER message contains:
proposed IP address for client (here 192.168.1.10)
subnet mask to identify the subnet space (here 255.255.255.0)
IP of default gateway for subnet (here 192.168.1.1)
IP of DNS server for name translations (here 8.8.8.8)

3. Now after the client receives the offer it requests the information officially sending
REQUEST message to server this time by unicast.

4. Server sends ACKNOWLEDGE message confirming the DHCP lease to client. Now client
is allowed to use new IP settings.

13
What information getting from DHCP are necessary and which are optional?
In theory, only IP address and mask is needed for device to work. This is true in scenario that
device is within the same subnet with other devices and communicates with others knowing
their IP addresses. In such way there is no need for going beyond own subnet and that's why
gateway is not needed. Using only IP addresses for communication also eliminates the need
of name translations so DNS is still optional. However, in real world scenarios most of
communication goes beyond the subnet and relays on Fully Qualified Domain Names
(FQDN).
In addition to necessary DHCP parameters there are DHCP options like popular Option 150.
used in IP Telephony to inform IP Phones about the IP address of IP PBX for proper phone
registration-for example Cisco Call Manager or Asterisk PBX. Almost all DHCP server
vendors are able to pass DHCP options.
What if DHCP server is not in the same subnet?
You can ask yourself if there is a need for having DHCP server in the same L.2 segment
(VLAN), because DHCP OFFER message relays on broadcast destination address which is
good for the same subnet only. Right trace! But for the sake of DHCP scalability there is
option to have DHCP server outside the subnet. In such solution DHCP discover packets
typically getting to default gateway interface are transformed into unicast packets (DHCP
discover embedded message) with giaddr field that tells server about logical attachment
identification. Packet is sent directly to IP of server located somewhere in routable IP cloud.
Giaddr helps the DHCP server to find the correct address pool for granting the address.

14
 STEPS:
 Install the DHCP server role on Windows Server 2008, follow these steps:
 Choose Start-Administrative Tools-Server Manager.
 The Manage Your Server application appears.
 Click the Roles link and then click Add a Role.
 The Add Roles Wizard appears.
 Click Next to get the wizard started.
 The wizard displays a list of available server roles.
 Select DHCP Server from the list of roles and then click Next.
 The wizard displays an explanation of DHCP.
 Click Next.
 The wizard displays a list of the server's network connections that have static IP
addresses, as shown in the following illustration. (In this example, only one network
connection has a static IP address assigned. Most network servers will have at least
two.)

Select the static IP addresses you want to use for the DHCP server. Then click next.
1. Enter the domain name and DNS servers. To enter a DNS server, type its address in the IP
address text box and then click Add.
You typically have more than one DNS server.
2. Click Next.
The wizard next asks for the WINS configuration information.
3. (Optional) If you want to enable WINS, enter the WINS server configuration and then
click next.
4. To create a new scope, click the Add Scope button.

15
5. The wizard asks for a name and description for the new scope.

1. Enter the information for the new scope.

o You must enter the following information:
o Scope Name: The name can be anything you want. Use a generic name such as Office
or your company name unless you're creating two or more scopes. Then, the names
should indicate the function of each scope.
o Scope Starting IP Address: This is the lowest IP address that will be issued for this
scope.
o Scope Ending IP Address: This is the highest IP address that will be issued for this
scope.
o Subnet Mask: This is the subnet mask issued for IP addresses in this scope.
o Default Gateway: This is the default gateway address that will be used for this scope.
This is usually the address of your router.
o Subnet type: Choose Wired or Wireless. The difference is how long the IP address
will be valid. For wired networks, the addresses will be valid for six days. For
wireless networks, the addresses will expire in eight hours.

2. Select the Activate This Scope check box and then Click OK.
1. If you want to create additional scopes, repeat steps 10-12. You can create as many scopes
as you want for your DHCP server.
2. When you finish creating scopes, click Next.
The wizard asks whether you want to enable stateless mode, which is used for IPv6. Disable
this mode unless dealing with IPv6 clients is important to your network.
3. Click Next.
The wizard asks for the credentials to use when creating this DHCP server. The default is to
use your current login credentials.
4. Click Next.
The wizard displays a confirmation screen that summarizes the settings you've entered for the
DHCP server.
5. Click Install.
The DHCP server is created. This might take a few minutes. When the server is finished, a
final results page is displayed to confirm that the server was properly installed.

16
6. Click Close.
You're done!

Benefits of the Micro-Project:

o Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by
manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or address conflicts
caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at the same
time.
o Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce
network administration:
o Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.
o The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.
o The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by means
of DHCP options.
o The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated
frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to different locations on a
wireless network.
o The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, which
eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.

Application of this Micro-Project:

o Efficiency. It's easier than configuring each node/host statically (manually), both
initially and then if/when the LAN topology ever changes and the host moves
networks (e.g., laptops, phones, etc.).
o Simplicity. DHCP provides the ability to assign (and manage) more multiple
parameters (is more than just the host IP address), required parameters such as the
subnet mask, and very helpful (required for most needs) things like the default
gateway, DNS servers (and domain name). Then there are optional things like TFTP
servers and time (NTP) servers, log servers, etc.
o Security. DHCP provides an audit trail for who (what MAC and client-ID) had an IP
address at what time. It can also be used in a security context, where a router may

17
 require a host within a subnet to have obtained it's IP via DHCP, else it will
deny/block it.

CONCLUSION
From This Project We Learnt About Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a
network management protocol used to dynamically assign an IP address to any new node
entering the network. DHCP permits a node to be configured automatically, thereby avoiding
the necessity of involvement by a network administrator.
It Manages the provision of all the nodes added or dropped from the network Maintains the
unique IP address of the host using a DHCP server Sends a request to the DHCP server
whenever a client/node, which is configured to work with DHCP, connects to a network. The
server acknowledges by providing an IP address to the client/node.

REFERENCE

 www.redhat.com
 www.pcmag.com

18
 www.reasearchgate.com
 www.iitk.ac.in
 www.geeksforgeek.com
 www.control4.com
 docs.microsoft.com/dhcp-top

19