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Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)

The document provides an in-depth analysis of Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2), detailing its design, functionality, and security features. It discusses the advancements SHA-2 offers over SHA-1, including its structure, variants, and technical details, as well as its security vulnerabilities and updates over the years. The paper concludes with a summary of key points and suggests future research directions in cryptographic hash functions.

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Mehul Patel
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)

The document provides an in-depth analysis of Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2), detailing its design, functionality, and security features. It discusses the advancements SHA-2 offers over SHA-1, including its structure, variants, and technical details, as well as its security vulnerabilities and updates over the years. The paper concludes with a summary of key points and suggests future research directions in cryptographic hash functions.

Uploaded by

Mehul Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: An In-depth Analysis of Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-2)

Introduction
 Background: Introduce SHA-2 as a set of cryptographic hash functions
designed by the NSA and first published in 2001. Mention its significance in
the field of cryptography.
 Purpose: Explain the purpose of the paper, which is to analyze the structure,
functionality, and security of SHA-2.
 Thesis Statement: State the main argument or focus of the paper, such as
the advancements SHA-2 brings over its predecessor, SHA-1, and its
importance in modern cryptographic applications.

Section 1: Overview of SHA-2


 Design and Structure: Discuss the Merkle–Damgård construction and the
Davies–Meyer compression function used in SHA-2
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.
 Variants: List and describe the six hash functions in the SHA-2 family: SHA-
224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, and SHA-512/256
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.
 Differences from SHA-1: Highlight the significant changes from SHA-1,
including the increased security and different initial values
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.

Section 2: Technical Details


 Digest Sizes: Explain the different digest sizes (224, 256, 384, or 512 bits)
and their implications
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.
 Compression Function: Detail the one-way compression function and its
role in the hash process
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.
 Rounds and Structure: Compare the number of rounds and structural
differences between SHA-256 and SHA-512
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.

Section 3: Security and Cryptanalysis


 Preimage Resistance: Discuss the best public attacks on SHA-2, breaking
preimage resistance for 52 out of 64 rounds of SHA-256 and 57 out of 80
rounds of SHA-512
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.
 Collision Resistance: Analyze the collision resistance for 46 out of 64
rounds of SHA-256
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.
 Length Extension Attacks: Mention the susceptibility of SHA-256 and SHA-
512 to length extension attacks
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.

Section 4: Updates and Changes


 FIPS PUB 180-2: Describe the publication of FIPS PUB 180-2 in 2002, which
added SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512.
 Change Notice in 2004: Explain the addition of SHA-224 to match the key
length of two-key Triple DES
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.
 FIPS PUB 180-3: Discuss the 2008 update, which included SHA-224 and
relocated security information to Special Publications 800-107 and 800-57.
 SP800-131A: Detail the 2011 publication specifying the transition from 80-
bit security to 112-bit security.

Conclusion
 Summary: Recap the key points discussed in the paper.
 Future Directions: Suggest areas for future research and potential
improvements in cryptographic hash functions.
 Final Thoughts: Emphasize the importance of SHA-2 in maintaining data
integrity and security in various applications.

References
 Include citations for all sources used in the paper, formatted according to
your preferred style guide (e.g., APA, MLA).

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