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Define Population and Sample

The document defines key statistical concepts including population, sample, census, and sample survey, and discusses sources of secondary data. It explains various statistical measures such as arithmetic mean, median, mode, and correlation coefficients, along with their applications and formulas. Additionally, it covers the use of diagrams in data representation, including pie charts and histograms, and introduces the Chi-square test for assessing relationships between categorical variables.

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5 views4 pages

Define Population and Sample

The document defines key statistical concepts including population, sample, census, and sample survey, and discusses sources of secondary data. It explains various statistical measures such as arithmetic mean, median, mode, and correlation coefficients, along with their applications and formulas. Additionally, it covers the use of diagrams in data representation, including pie charts and histograms, and introduces the Chi-square test for assessing relationships between categorical variables.

Uploaded by

4115lenovo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Define Population and Sample:

• Population: The entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.
• Sample: A subset of the population, selected for study in some prescribed manner.
Distinguish between census and sample survey:
• Census: A survey that includes every member of the population.
• Sample Survey: A survey that includes only a part of the population.
What are the sources of secondary data?:
• Government publications
• Previous research
• Institutional records
• Online databases
How are diagrams useful in representing statistical data?:
• Diagrams provide a visual representation of data, making it easier to understand and
interpret complex information.
What are the various types of diagrams?:
• Bar diagrams
• Pie charts
• Line graphs
• Histograms
Mention the use of Pie diagram:
• Pie diagrams are used to represent the proportion of different categories within a whole.
Define Arithmetic mean:
• The arithmetic mean is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values.
Define Median:
• The median is the middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or
descending order.
List out merits and demerits of Mean deviation:
• Merits: Simple to understand and calculate, uses all data points.
• Demerits: Affected by extreme values, not as robust as other measures of dispersion.
Write down the formula for the coefficient of variance:
• Coefficient of Variance (CV) = (Standard Deviation / Mean) * 100
Define Pearson correlation coefficient:
• A measure of the linear correlation between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.
Define Chi-square test:
• A statistical test used to determine if a significant relationship exists between categorical
variables.

1. **What is the difference between Census Survey and Sample Survey?**


- **Census Survey**: Involves collecting data from every member of the population.
- **Sample Survey**: Involves collecting data from a subset of the population.

2. **Give two examples of Nominal Data.**


- Gender (Male, Female)
- Blood Type (A, B, AB, O)

3. **Mention the use of Pie Chart.**


- A Pie Chart is used to represent the proportion of different categories within a whole.
4. **What is the use of Histogram?**
- A Histogram is used to represent the frequency distribution of a set of continuous data.

5. **Define Arithmetic Mean.**


- The Arithmetic Mean is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values.

6. **Define Mode.**
- The Mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.

7. **Find the range of the given data: 12, 15, 36, 37, 28, 56, 28.**
- Range = Maximum value - Minimum value = 56 - 12 = 44

8. **Write down the formula for variance.**


- Variance (σ²) = Σ (x - μ)² / N

9. **Mention the use of Quartile Deviation.**


- Quartile Deviation is used to measure the spread of the middle 50% of a data set.

10. **Define Simple Correlation.**


- Simple Correlation measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two
variables.

11. **Define Rank Correlation.**


- Rank Correlation measures the degree of similarity between two rankings.

12. **Define Chi-Square Test.**


- The Chi-Square Test is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association
between two categorical variables.
Sure! Here are the extracted 2-mark questions along with their answers:

### Part A
1. **What is data collection?**
- Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest in a
systematic fashion.

2. **Simple data.**
- Simple data refers to raw, unprocessed data that has not been analyzed or interpreted.

3. **Define pie-chart.**
- A pie-chart is a circular statistical graphic divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions.

4. **Line diagram.**
- A line diagram is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called
'markers' connected by straight line segments.

5. **Ogive.**
- An ogive is a graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency of a
dataset.

6. **Define central tendency.**


- Central tendency is a statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an
entire distribution, such as mean, median, or mode.

7. **Data analysis.**
- Data analysis involves inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful
information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making.

8. **Standard deviation.**
- Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

9. **Chi-square test.**
- The Chi-square test is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association
between two categorical variables.

10. **Define Standard error.**


- Standard error is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic, typically the
mean.

11. **Karl Pearson’s.**


- Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient is a measure of the linear correlation between two
variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

12. **Rank correlation.**


- Rank correlation measures the degree of similarity between two rankings and assesses the
relationship between the rankings of different variables.
Sure! Here are the extracted 2-mark questions along with their answers:

### Part A
1. **What is frequency table?**
- A frequency table is a table that lists items and shows the number of times the items occur.

2. **Sample survey**
- A sample survey is a study that obtains data from a subset of a population, in order to estimate
population attributes.

3. **Pic chart**
- A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions.

4. **Define Ogives**
- An ogive is a graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency of a
dataset.

5. **Define median**
- The median is the middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or
descending order.

6. **Good average**
- A good average is a measure of central tendency that accurately represents the data set and is
easy to understand and calculate.

7. **Define data variance**


- Data variance is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value.

8. **Scatter diagrams**
- Scatter diagrams are graphs that show the relationship between two variables by displaying data
points on a two-dimensional plane.

9. **Define Standard error**


- Standard error is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic, typically the
mean.

10. **Standard deviation**


- Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

11. **Rank correlation**


- Rank correlation measures the degree of similarity between two rankings and assesses the
relationship between the rankings of different variables.

12. **Chi-square test**


- The Chi-square test is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association
between two categorical variables.

I hope this helps! If you need further assistance, feel free to ask.

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