BINARY NUMBER

OBJECTIVE

• Define the binary number system and its difference to the

decimal number system.

• Convert binary numbers to decimal numbers, and vice

versa.

• Solve the operations of binary numbers.

 Number System
• A system of naming or representing Positional notation: An easier
numbers such as the decimal
system. way to write down large
numbers
A positional system allows
you to reuse the same
symbols, by assigning the
symbols different values
based on their position in
the sequence.
 What is Binary System?
The binary system is a numbering system that represents numeric
values using two unique digits (0 and 1).
In writing a binary number, subscript 2 is always written for us to
distinguish that the given number is a binary number.

Example: 1012 - a three BIT number

Bit – refers to every digit of a binary number.

 Decimal Numbers System

2 658 = 2 (103) + 6 (102) + 5 (101) + 8 (100)

= 2 000 + 600 + 50 + 8
= 265810
2 6 5 8
The Thousands The Units Digits
Digits (103) (100)
1000’s place 1’s place
The Hundreds The Tens Digits
Digits (102) (101)
100’s place 10’s place
 CONVERSION
` OF
BINARY NUMBERS
BINARY – DECIMAL NUMBER
Example: 1012
1012 = 1 (22) + 0 (21) + 1 (20)
= 4+0+1
= 510
10 1
4’s place 1’s place
2’s place
(22) (20)
(21)
 CONVERSION OF
BINARY NUMBERS
BINARY – DECIMAL NUMBER
Example: 11101012
11101012 = 1 (26) + 1 (25) + 1 (24) + 0 (23) + 1 (22) + 0 (21) + 1 (20)
= 64 + 32+ 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 11710
Example: 1010012
1010012 = 1 (25) + 0 (24) + 1 (23) + 0 (22) + 0 (21) + 1 (20)
= 32+ 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
= 4110
 Example
Convert the following to Decimal Number

1. 10102

2. 10101112

3. 11110112
 CONVERSION OF
BINARY NUMBERS
DECIMAL – BINARY NUMBER
Method 1 : Subtraction Method
List down all powers of 2.

𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟎

256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Subtract the highest power of two that is less than the given number until the
difference reaches 0.
 CONVERSION OF
BINARY NUMBERS
DECIMAL – BINARY NUMBER
Method 1 : Subtraction Method 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟎
Example: 5810
32 16 8 4 2 1
58 – 32 = 26
26 – 16 = 10
10 – 8 = 2 1 1 1 0 1 0
2–2=0

Therefore 58 in binary number is 1110102 .

 CONVERSION OF
BINARY NUMBERS
DECIMAL – BINARY NUMBER Division by 2 Remainder

Method 2 : Successive Division Method

58 ÷ 2 = 29 0
Repeatedly divide the given number by two 29 ÷ 2 = 14 1
with the remainder recorded until the
quotient reaches 0. 14 ÷ 2 = 7 0

Example: 5810 7÷2=3 1

3÷2=1 1
Therefore 58 in binary number is 1110102. 1÷2=0 1
 Example
Convert the following to Binary Number

1. 52

2. 101

3. 202
 OPERATIONS
OF
BINARY NUMBERS
 Addition of
Binary Numbers
1
0 1 1
+ 0 + 0 + 1
0 1 1 0
 Addition of
Binary Numbers
Example: Add 10012 and 11102

1 CHECK:

1 0 0 1 10012 = 1(8) + 0(4) + 0(2) + 1(1) = 9

11102 = 1(8) + 1(4) + 1(2) + 0(1) = 14
+ 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 Therefore, 101112 must be 23.
101112 = 1(16) + 0(8) + 1(4) + 1(2) + 1(1) = 23
 Addition of
Binary Numbers
Example: Add 1011012 and 1001102

1 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
+ 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 1

ANSWER: 10100112
 Addition of
Binary Numbers
Example: Add 1111112 and 1011112

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 0

ANSWER: 11011102
 EXAMPLES

Add the following binary numbers:

1. 1101102 and 111002

2. 110002 and 1011002

3. 1001012 , 1111102 , and 111112

 Subtraction of
Binary Numbers
0 10
0 1 1 10
- 0 - 0 - 1 - 1
0 1 0 1
 Subtraction of
Binary Numbers
Example: Subtract 11102 and 10012

0 10 CHECK:

1 1 1 0 11102 = 1(8) + 1(4) + 1(2) + 0(1) = 14

10012 = 1(8) + 0(4) + 0(2) + 1(1) = 9
- 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 Therefore, 1012 must be 5.
1012 = 1(4) + 0(2) + 1(1) = 5
 Subtraction of
Binary Numbers
Example: Subtract 1011012 and 1001102

0 10 10
1 0 1 1 0 1
- 1 0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1

ANSWER: 1112
 Subtraction of
Binary Numbers
Example: Subtract 1100112 and 1011112
1
0 10 10
1 1 0 0 1 1
- 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0

ANSWER: 1002
 EXAMPLES

Subtract the following binary numbers:

1. 110012 and 11102

2. 110002 and 101012

3. 1101012 , 11112 , and 1000112

 Multiplication of
Binary Numbers

0 1 1
× 0 × 0 × 1
0 0 1
 Multiplication of
Binary Numbers
Example: Multiply 10012 and 11102

CHECK:
1 0 0 1
10012 = 1(8) + 0(4) + 0(2) + 1(1) = 9
× 1 1 1 0
11102 = 1(8) + 1(4) + 1(2) + 0(1) = 14
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 Therefore, 1111102 must be 126.
1 0 0 1 = 1(64)+1(32)+1(16)+1(8)+1(4)+1(2)+0(1)
1 0 0 1 = 126

1 1 1 1 1 1 0
 Multiplication of
Binary Numbers
Example: Multiply 101012 and 101102
1 0 1 0 1
× 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 ANSWER: 1110011102
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
 Multiplication of
Binary Numbers
Example: Multiply 10101 2 and 101102
1 0 0 1 0 1
× 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 1
1
1 0 0 1 0 1 ANSWER: 1100101112
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
 EXAMPLES

Multiply the following binary numbers:

1. 110012 and 10112

2. 110002 and 1112

3. 1101012 and 1000012

 Division of
Binary Numbers
1. Compare the divisor with the dividend.
✓If the divisor is larger, place 0 as the quotient, then bring the
second bit of the dividend down.
✓If the divisor is smaller, multiply it with 1 and the result
becomes the subtrahend. Then subtract the subtrahend
from the minuend to get the remainder.
2. Bring down the next number bit from the dividend
portion and perform step 1 again.
3. Repeat the process until the remainder becomes zero
or the whole dividend is divided.
 Division of
Binary Numbers
Example: Divide 101012 and 112
0 0 1 1 1 CHECK:
1 1 1 0 1 0 1
101012 = 1(16)+0(8)+1(4)+0(2)+1(1) = 21
1 1 112 = 1(2) + 1(1) = 3
1 0 0
1 1 Therefore, 1112 must be 7.
1 1 1112 = 1(4) + 1(2) + 1(1) = 7
1 1
0
 Division of
Binary Numbers
Example: Divide 111002 and 102
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0
ANSWER: 11102
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
0 0
 Division of
Binary Numbers
Example: Divide 1110011102 and 1112
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 ANSWER: 10000102
1 1 1
0 0
 Division of
Binary Numbers
Example: Divide 111112 and 1112
0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
0 1 1

ANSWER: 1002 remainder 112

 EXAMPLES

Divide the following binary numbers:

1. 1101012 and 1012

2. 1101102 and 112

3. 100101012 and 110102

 Exercises
Convert the following given problem into binary or decimal
number.
1. 88210

2. 57910

3. 1011102

4. 11110012

5. 100011102
 Exercises
Solve the following operations of binary numbers:

1. Add 110110012 and 1101011002

2. Add 111012 , 1112 , 100012 , and 10001112

3. Subtract 100000102 and 11100112

4. Multiply 10001102 and 10112

5. Divide 100110012 and 1012