Introduction to Generative-AI

What is Gen AI? Generative artificial intelligence, also known as generative AI or gen
AI for short, is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can create new content and ideas,
including conversations, stories, images, videos, and music.
Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence used to create new content based on
models trained on text, visual, and audio data in response to prompts. Traditional AI systems rely
on pre-existing data and patterns to perform tasks, making generative AI's ability to generate new
content unique.
Yes, ChatGPT is a generative AI tool. It's a specialized form of AI technology that creates
human-like text responses.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a collection of technologies that allow computers to perform
tasks that usually require human intelligence:
Seeing: AI can process visual information
Understanding: AI can comprehend spoken and written language
Analyzing: AI can process data to identify patterns and make recommendations
Learning: AI can learn from experience and adjust to new inputs
AI is a broad field that draws from many areas of study, including computer science,
mathematics, cognitive science, philosophy, and neuroscience.
Some examples of AI in everyday life include:
Weather apps: Use AI to provide weather information
Digital assistants: Use AI to perform tasks like answering questions
Software: Uses AI to analyze data and optimize business functions
Self-driving cars: Use AI to navigate
Chess-playing computers: Use AI to play chess
The idea of AI has been around for thousands of years, but it has only recently become a
household name.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems capable of performing complex
tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or solving
problems.

Generative AI, or generative artificial intelligence, is a technology that uses AI to

create new content.

Here are some examples of generative AI:

 Text generation: Large language models (LLMs) are used to generate essays, code, translations,
and more. ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and LLaMA are examples of chatbots that use generative
AI.
  Image generation: Tools like Dall-E 2, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion can create images,
avatars, videos, graphs, and other illustrations.
 Music generation: Tools like Amper, Dadabots, and MuseNet can generate musical
compositions.
 Code generation: Tools like CodeStarter, Codex, GitHub Copilot, and Tabnine can generate
code.
 Voice synthesis: Tools like Descript, Listnr, and Podcast.ai can synthesize voices.
 Synthetic data: Generative models can create synthetic data to train AI models when data is
limited or doesn't exist.
 Content writing: Anyword is a generative AI tool that helps users write content that better aligns
with their audience and brand tone.
 Payroll: Roll by ADP's AI-powered payroll app can run payroll in under a minute.
 Patient interaction: Hyro's conversational platform uses generative AI to automate patient
interactions and provide support.

Generative AI has many applications across industries like healthcare, finance,

entertainment, customer service, and more.
Generative AI, or generative artificial intelligence, refers to the use of AI to create new
content, such as text, images, music, audio, and videos. Generative AI is powered by foundation
models (large AI models) that can multitask and perform out-of-the-box tasks, including
summarization, Q&A, classification, and more.
Generative AI starts with a prompt that could be in the form of a text, an image, a video, a
design, musical notes, or any input that the AI system can process. Various AI algorithms then
return new content in response to the prompt.
An example of a generative model is generating a realistic image of a dog or cat, while an
example of a discriminative model is classifying an image as a dog or a cat:

Here's some more information about generative and discriminative models:

 Generative models
These models capture the joint probability distribution of data and labels, and are used to generate
new data instances, detect anomalies, and handle missing data. Examples of generative models
include generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs).
 Discriminative models
These models capture the conditional probability distribution of data and labels, and are used to
classify data or make predictions. Examples of discriminative models include logistic regression,
conditional random fields, and decision trees.
 A generative model could generate new photos of animals that look like real animals, while a
discriminative model could...
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 Generative vs Discriminative: Which Model Reigns Supreme?
 Generative models, like GANs and VAE, are adept at understanding and modeling the
distribution of input data. They exce...
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 Generative and Discriminative Models - LearnOpenCV
Most of the Machine Learning and Deep Learning problems that you solve are
conceptualized from the Generative and Discr...
A generative model could generate new photos of animals that look like real animals,
while a discriminative model could tell a dog from a cat. GANs are just one kind of generative
model.
The purpose of generative adversarial networks (GANs) is to create new data that
resembles training data. GANs are a type of machine learning model that uses two neural
networks to compete against each other. The goal of GANs is to create new data instances where
data collection is difficult or impossible.

Here's how GANs work:

 Generator
Creates new data by modifying an input data sample. The goal of the generator is to create
outputs that could be mistaken for real data.
 Discriminator
Tries to predict whether the generated data output belongs in the original dataset. The goal of the
discriminator is to identify which of the outputs are artificially created.
GANs are used for a variety of AI tasks, such as: image generation, video generation, and
text generation.
GANs are often applied in image synthesis and computer vision.
A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning architecture. It trains two
neural networks to compete against each other to generate more authentic new data from a given
training dataset. For instance, you can generate new images from an existing image database or
original music from a database of songs.
GANs are generative models: they create new data instances that resemble your training
data. For example, GANs can create images that look like photographs of human faces, even
though the faces don't belong to any real person.

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are artificial neural networks that can generate new
data samples similar to training data. They have many real-world uses, including:

 Image generation
VAEs can create new images that resemble a training set, but with variations. This can be used
for creating artwork, fashion designs, and realistic faces.
 Text generation
VAEs can create new text that matches the style of a given corpus. This can be used for writing
poems, narratives, chatbots speech, and translation.
 Anomaly detection
 VAEs can identify anomalies in new data by learning the distribution of normal data. This can be
used for fraud detection, network security, and predictive maintenance.
 Data imputation and denoising
VAEs can reconstruct data with missing or noisy parts. This can be used for medical imaging,
restoring corrupted audio and visual data, and more.
 Music generation
VAEs can be used to create new music compositions, innovate with new music genres and styles,
and provide personalized musical recommendations.
VAEs combine two types of neural networks: an encoding network and a decoder network. The
encoding network finds ways to encode raw data into a latent space, while the decoder network
finds ways to transform the latent representations into new content.

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are generative models used in machine learning (ML) to
generate new data in the form of variations of the input data they're trained on. In addition to this,
they also perform tasks common to other autoencoders, such as denoising.

AI prompt writing is the art of creating clear and concise instructions that guide an AI
model to generate desired outputs. These prompts can be used for various tasks, such as:

Text generation: Creating stories, poems, articles, or code.

Translation: Translating text from one language to another.
Summarization: Condensing long pieces of text into shorter summaries.
Question answering: Answering questions based on provided information.
Creative writing: Generating new ideas or concepts.

Types of Prompts:
Simple Prompts: Direct and straightforward instructions.
Example: "Write a poem about a lonely robot."
Complex Prompts: Involve multiple instructions or constraints.
Example: "Write a short story about a detective who solves a murder in a futuristic city, using
only clues found in vintage newspapers."
Open-Ended Prompts: Allow for a wide range of possible responses.
Example: "Tell me a story."
Specific Prompts: Require a particular type of output.
Example: "Write a sonnet about the beauty of nature."
Hypothetical Prompts: Present a hypothetical scenario and ask the AI to respond.
Example: "What if humans could fly?"

Tips for Effective Prompt Writing

Be clear and concise: Avoid ambiguity or unnecessary details.
Use specific language: The more precise your prompt, the better the results.
Provide context: Give the AI relevant information to help it understand your request.
Experiment with different prompts: Try various approaches to see what works best.
Leverage the power of keywords: Use keywords to guide the AI's output.
Consider the AI's capabilities: Be aware of the limitations of the AI model you're using.
By following these guidelines, you can create effective prompts that will help you harness
the full potential of AI for your needs.

Text-to-text generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can generate new text
based on a given input text. It uses deep learning models, such as recurrent neural networks
(RNNs) or transformer architectures, to learn patterns and relationships within the input text and
then generate coherent and relevant output text.

Here are some examples of how text-to-text generative AI can be used:

 Machine translation: Translating text from one language to another.

 Text summarization: Condensing long pieces of text into shorter summaries.
 Creative writing: Generating poetry, stories, or scripts.
 Question answering: Answering questions based on provided information.
 Code generation: Generating code based on natural language descriptions.

Key features of text-to-text generative AI:

 Learning from data: These models learn from large datasets of text to understand
language patterns and structures.
 Generating new text: They can generate new text that is coherent, relevant, and consistent
with the input text.
 Adaptability: They can be adapted to various tasks and domains by training them on
different datasets.

Popular text-to-text generative AI models:

 GPT-3: A large language model developed by OpenAI that can generate human-quality
text.
 T5: A text-to-text transfer transformer developed by Google AI.
 BART: A bidirectional encoder representations from transformers developed by Facebook
AI Research.

By understanding the capabilities and limitations of text-to-text generative AI, you can
leverage this technology to create new and innovative applications.

Transformer-based models — comprise technologies such as Generative Pre-Trained

(GPT) language models that can translate and use information gathered on the Internet to create
textual content. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are used in tasks like image generation and
anomaly detection.

General Rules for Prompt Writing

When writing prompts for AI, it's essential to be clear, concise, and specific to guide the
model towards the desired output. Here are some general rules to follow:

Clarity and Specificity

 Be direct: Use clear and concise language to convey your instructions.

  Avoid ambiguity: Be specific about the task or question you want the AI to address.
 Provide context: If necessary, give the AI relevant information to help it understand your
request.

Structure and Format

 Use proper grammar and punctuation: This will help the AI understand your
instructions more accurately.
 Format your prompt appropriately: If you're using a specific format, such as a question
or a statement, follow it consistently.

Task-Oriented

 Focus on the task: Make sure your prompt is directly related to the action you want the
AI to perform.
 Avoid unnecessary details: Only include information that is essential for the task.

Open-Ended vs. Closed-Ended

 Open-ended prompts: Allow for a wider range of responses and can be more creative.
 Closed-ended prompts: Require a specific answer or output.

Experimentation

 Try different approaches: Don't be afraid to experiment with different prompts to see
what works best.
 Iterate and refine: Based on the AI's response, you can refine your prompt to get closer
to your desired outcome.

By following these guidelines, you can create effective prompts that will help you get the
most out of your AI interactions.

Writing prompt construction:

 Part 1. Introduce the topic or writing situation with a statement or generalization to orient the
student to the topic.
 Part 2. Encourage students to brainstorm and to make a personal connection with the topic. ...
 Part 3. Describe the writing task, purpose, and audience.

Generative Language Models: Creating Text from Nothing

Generative language models are a type of artificial intelligence that can generate human-quality
text. They are trained on massive amounts of text data, learning patterns, grammar, and style.
Once trained, these models can generate new text, such as:

 Articles
 Poems
 Scripts
 Code
 Translations
 Summaries
 How do they work?

Generative language models use deep learning techniques, primarily recurrent neural
networks (RNNs) and transformer architectures. These models process text sequentially, learning
the relationships between words and phrases.

Types of generative language models:

 Autoregressive models: Generate text one token (word or character) at a time, based on
the previous sequence. Examples include GPT-3 and GPT-4.
 Flow-based models: Generate text by transforming a simple distribution into a complex
one. Examples include Flow-based generative models.

Applications of generative language models:

 Content creation: Generating articles, blog posts, and marketing copy.

 Language translation: Translating text from one language to another.
 Text summarization: Condensing long pieces of text into shorter summaries.
 Question answering: Answering questions based on provided information.
 Code generation: Generating code based on natural language descriptions.
 Creative writing: Generating poetry, stories, and scripts.

Challenges and limitations:

 Factuality: While generative language models can generate coherent and grammatically
correct text, they may not always produce accurate or factual information.
 Bias: Generative language models can perpetuate biases present in the training data.
 Creativity: While they can generate creative text, they may lack the same level of human
creativity and originality.

Here are some types of generative models:

 Generative adversarial networks (GANs)

Trains two neural networks to compete against each other, with one network generating samples
and the other evaluating if they are real or generated
 Variational autoencoders (VAEs)
Based on autoencoders, which are neural networks that reconstruct their input data, VAEs can
learn to generate new data samples similar to a training dataset
 Autoregressive models
Predict the next value in a sequence based on the previous values
 Diffusion models
Can generate data points similar to the data points they've been trained on
 Transformer models
Used for natural language processing tasks, such as language translation, text generation, and
summarization
 Bayesian networks
A subclass of probabilistic generative models where the joint distribution between all of the
model variables can be expressed as a function of their parents
 Flow models
Learn a mapping from a simple distribution to the more complex distribution of the input data
 Autoencoders
Learn a latent representation of the image and use that to reconstruct the image
 Normalizing flows
Learn complex probability distributions by transforming a simple base distribution through a
sequence of invertible mappings

The Gemini family of models, including 1.5 Flash, are large language models trained on
massive amounts of text data. They are able to generate human-quality text, translate languages,
write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way.

Here are some examples of how these models can be used:

 Write different kinds of creative content: The models can write poems, code, scripts,
musical pieces, email, letters, etc.
 Translate languages: The models can translate text from one language to another.
 Answer your questions in an informative way: The models can provide summaries of
factual topics or create stories.

Here are some key differences between ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4.0:

 ChatGPT 4.0 is more accurate and creative than ChatGPT 3.5.

 ChatGPT 4.0 is able to generate longer and more coherent text.
 ChatGPT 4.0 is better at understanding and responding to complex prompts.

Google Bard is another large language model that is similar to ChatGPT. However, Bard is
trained on a different dataset and has a different focus. Bard is designed to be more informative
and helpful, while ChatGPT is designed to be more creative and engaging.

It is important to consider the ethical implications of using large language models. These
models can be used to generate misleading or harmful content. It is important to be aware of the
limitations of these models and to use them responsibly.