Marwadi University

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Information and Communication Technology
Subject: ADC (09CT0404) AIM: To study and observe the waveforms of frequency modulation (FM)
Experiment No: 04 Date: 10-01-25 Enrollment No: 92410133005

METHODOLOGY:

Frequency modulation (FM) is a technique where the frequency of the carrier wave is varied
according to the amplitude of the message signal. This experiment will help analyze the FM
modulation and demodulation process using MATLAB.

Steps:

1. User Inputs: The user provides carrier frequency, message frequency, frequency
deviation, sampling frequency, and signal duration.
2. Generate Signals:
o Create a message signal (low-frequency signal).
o Create a carrier signal (high-frequency signal).
3. Apply FM Modulation: The frequency of the carrier is altered by integrating the
message signal.
4. FM Demodulation: The original message signal is retrieved using the Phase-Locked
Loop (PLL) method.
5. Plot the waveforms: Observe the carrier signal, message signal, FM modulated
signal, and FM demodulated signal.

Tools and Software:

• MATLAB for simulation.

• Oscilloscope (if implemented in hardware).
• Signal Generator (for practical verification).

CODE:
% FM Modulation and Demodulation without Communications Toolbox
clc;
clear;
close all;

% Define FM parameters
Fc = 10000; % Carrier frequency in Hz
Fdev = 500; % Frequency deviation in Hz
Fs = 50000; % Sampling frequency in Hz
T = 0.01; % Signal duration in seconds
message_frequency = 1000; % Message signal frequency in Hz

% Time vector
t = 0:1/Fs:T-1/Fs;

% Message signal (low-frequency signal)

msg_signal = cos(2*pi*message_frequency*t);

% Carrier signal
 Marwadi University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Subject: ADC (09CT0404) AIM: To study and observe the waveforms of frequency modulation (FM)
Experiment No: 04 Date: 10-01-25 Enrollment No: 92410133005

carrier_signal = cos(2*pi*Fc*t);

% Compute the phase using integration (FM Modulation)

phase_signal = 2 * pi * Fdev * cumsum(msg_signal) / Fs;
modulated_signal = cos(2 * pi * Fc * t + phase_signal); % FM Signal

% FM Demodulation (using Hilbert transform and differentiation)

demodulated_signal = [0 diff(unwrap(angle(hilbert(modulated_signal))))] * Fs / (2 * pi * Fdev);

% Plot all signals in one page using subplot

figure;

% Carrier Signal
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t, carrier_signal);
title('Om Kasvala Carrier Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;

% Message Signal
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t, msg_signal);
title('Message Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;

% FM Modulated Signal
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t, modulated_signal);
title('FM Modulated Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;

% FM Demodulated Signal
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t, demodulated_signal);
title('FM Demodulated Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
grid on;
 Marwadi University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Subject: ADC (09CT0404) AIM: To study and observe the waveforms of frequency modulation (FM)
Experiment No: 04 Date: 10-01-25 Enrollment No: 92410133005

RESULTS:

Case 1: Standard Input Parameters

Fc = 10000; % cf in Hz
Fdev = 500; % Frequency
deviation in Hz
Fs = 50000; % Sampling
frequency in Hz
T = 0.01; % Signal duration
in seconds
message_frequency = 1000;
% Message signal frequency
in Hz

Case 2: Higher Frequency Deviation

Fc = 10000; % cf in Hz
Fdev = 2000; % Frequency
deviation in Hz
Fs = 50000; % Sampling
frequency in Hz
T = 0.01; % Signal duration
in seconds
message_frequency = 1000;
% Message signal frequency
in Hz
 Marwadi University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Subject: ADC (09CT0404) AIM: To study and observe the waveforms of frequency modulation (FM)
Experiment No: 04 Date: 10-01-25 Enrollment No: 92410133005

Case 3: Lower Message Frequency

Fc = 10000; % cf in Hz
Fdev = 500; % Frequency
deviation in Hz
Fs = 50000; % Sampling
frequency in Hz
T = 0.01; % Signal duration
in seconds
message_frequency = 500;
% Message signal frequency
in Hz

CONCLUSION:
This experiment successfully demonstrated frequency modulation and demodulation using
MATLAB. The FM modulated waveform was analyzed, and the demodulation process
effectively recovered the original message signal. The experiment also highlighted the impact
of varying carrier frequency and frequency deviation on modulation and demodulation
accuracy. FM is widely used in communication systems due to its noise resistance and
efficient bandwidth utilization.