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1 General Introduction

The document outlines the principles of structural design, emphasizing the need to meet essential requirements such as safety and durability while considering relative properties like cost and maintenance. It discusses the stages of design, the importance of limit state design in ensuring structural integrity, and the factors that contribute to the overall cost of a structure. Additionally, it provides technical details on analyzing reinforced concrete members to ensure they meet service requirements throughout their lifespan.

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ss2821
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4 views5 pages

1 General Introduction

The document outlines the principles of structural design, emphasizing the need to meet essential requirements such as safety and durability while considering relative properties like cost and maintenance. It discusses the stages of design, the importance of limit state design in ensuring structural integrity, and the factors that contribute to the overall cost of a structure. Additionally, it provides technical details on analyzing reinforced concrete members to ensure they meet service requirements throughout their lifespan.

Uploaded by

ss2821
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Introduction

Design means presentation of the client’s demand in an engineering manner, ready to be executed by
specialized company according to specifications and engineering laws.
Design must satisfy:
1. Essential requirements
- structural safety
- durability
2. Relative properties
- early completion
- low maintenance
- light of the structure
- likely change of use
Design must combine:
- overall economy
- safety
- aesthetics of the structure
Design stages:
1. design of appropriate form or type of structure
2. detailed design of various parts
Design must sure that an acceptable probability is achieved that the structure does not fail during the specified
life.
Acceptable condition or failure limit-state:
Very safe design high cost
Absolute safety impossible because of;
1. Variation in strength of material
2. Variation in actual loading
3. Deterioration in strength of material

1
Cost of any structure is made of:
1. design
2. construction
3. running expenses ( heating , lighting , …)
4. insurance premium against acceptable risks ( fire, flood, …)
5. insurance premium against losses due to structural failure
6. demolition
The design of a structure may be regarded as the process of selecting the proper materials and
proportioning the different elements of the structure according to state-of-the-art engineering science and
technology. In order to fulfill its purpose, the structure must meet the conditions of safety, serviceability,
economy, and functionality. This can be achieved using design approach-based strain limits in concrete and
steel reinforcement.
Limit state design is a further step in the strength design method. It indicates the state of the member in which it
ceases to meet the service requirements such as losing its ability to withstand external loads or suffering
excessive deformation, cracking, or local damage. According to the limit state design, reinforced concrete
members have to be analyzed with regard to three limiting states:
1. Load-carrying capacity (safety, stability, and durability)
2. Deformation (deflections, vibrations, and impact)
3. Formation of cracks.
The aim of this analysis is to ensure that no limiting state will appear in the structural member during its service
life.

2
Reinforced concrete building elements

3
(-veMu) disc. (-ve Mu) cont.
Take larger Mu

Reinforcement position
4
Strain and stress distributions in a singly reinforced rectangular section

For a singly reinforced concrete beam:

1 2mR fy
M n = 0.9 As f y (d − ) ;  = (1 − 1 −
a ) ; m= Mu
; R=
2 m fy 0.85 f ' c 0.9bd 2

Where ФMn=ultimate moment capacity of the section, kN.m,

b, d are section properties, mm,

1 fc `
ρ; reinforcement ratio, ρ = As/bd, ρmin =  1.4 / fy
4 fy
fc`; concrete compressive strength based on standard 150x300 mm cylinders, MPa
fy; yield strength of reinforcing bars, MPa.

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