Math 180 Lecture Sheets

Week 6
Keywords: implicit di↵erentiation, related rates, word problems

6 Module 3 Lecture Sheet Part 2

3.8 Implicit Di↵erentiation

3.11 Related Rates

3.8 Implicit Di↵erentiation x + y2 = 15

Question 1 Sometimes a graph is not the graph of a function rather it is given by an
equation relating variables, for example the circle x2 + y 2 = 25. Suppose we want to find the
slope to the line
p tangent at the point( 3, 4). We could look at the lower semi circle given
by: f (x) = 25 x2 . Now can you use the chain rule to find the slope?

f) =-
-
=

(25- x)i
=

- (25)
� Watch the Video on Implicit Di↵erentation

Question 2 Suppose x2 xy + y 2 = 3. The graph resembles a tilted ellipse. Note that it is

not possible to solve this equation easily for x or y. We say that one variable is implicitly
defined as a function of the other.

(a)If y is implicitly defined as a function of x, evaluate:

d 2 d 2 d
(x ) (y ) (xy)
dx dx dx
2x
24 y
+ X

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6

(b) Find the slope to the line tangent to x2 xy + y 2 = 3 at the point(1, 2). Do this
by plugging in 1 for x, and 2 for y. 2
x
-

xy y 3 0
+ -
=

2-1-d2x-4 + )+y *
= 0
4-
Question 3 Find the points on the ellipse x2 xy + y 2 = 3 that have tangent lines parallel
to y = x.

(x - (y + x) + 2 =

0 = 2x
-

y
+
dus
ray + hy
0 = (x -
y -
x +
Ty

Sty 0
=

Y
X +
(x -

y+
+
3
=

x2 - X-
)+ /
-

x =
-

:
Yix
:
-X
/v

Question 4 Find the slope of the tangent line for x + y = (x2 + y 2 )2 at (0, 0).
y = (2 + yi))

zyde
x +

↓+ d y2) (2x
+
2(x2 +
.

= D

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 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6
Question 5 Find the slope of the tangent line for sin(xy) = sin x + sin y at (0, 0).

SinGy) = sin(x) +
sinly)
cosy)
cos(xy) (y x) ·

+
= cosk) +

1 1
= 1 +

0 = 1 d
a - =

dy
Question 6 Can you find in general for sin(xy) = sin x + sin y?
dx

cos"
see can't
no , you

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6
3.11 Related Rates

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Keeping in mind that derivatives are rates of change, we are going to look into problems
that deal with time as the independent variable. To solve these problems, it is best to
approach them as follows:
• Step 1: Read the problem carefully, and • Step 4: Introduce rates of change by
draw a picture illustrating the situa- di↵erentiating the equation implicitly
tion, label the sides. with respect to time, t.
• Step 2: Reread the problem. Identify
• Step 5: Substitute known values in
and label rates that are given, and iden-
for the variables and rates. (don’t do
tify the rates that we are searching for.
this before taking the derivative!!)
• Step 3: Determine one or more equa- Solve for the desired quantity. Check
tions that express the basic relation- that units are consistent and the answer
ships among the variables. & is reasonable. ↑
Question 7 Car A is traveling west at 50 mph, car B north at 60 mph. Both are headed
-
-

for the intersection of the two roads. At what rate are the two cars approaching each other
when car A is 0.3 mi, car B 0.4 mi from the intersection?
--

X = 50
↑ ↑ y
= 60
x(+ ) = y(x -(f) = 0 3 .

HZydi
+
4)(60)
(d) 2(0 · 3750 + 210 .
= 2)0 5 .

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=
 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6

� Watch the Video on Related Rates Q7

Question 8 You are blowing a bubble with bubble gum. Assume you are blowing air at a
rate of 3 in3 per second. At what rate is the radius increasing when the radius is 3-
-
in?
- -

V =π

(r)
= 3rd
at

de
-
at
=
Ur
ar
Fir I

at

� Watch the Video on Related Rates Q8

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6
Question 9 A 13 foot ladder is leaning against a vertical wall, and someone begins pulling
the foot of the ladder away from the wall at a rate of 0.5 ft/sec. How fast is the top of the
ladder sliding down the wall when the foot of the ladder is 5 feet from the wall?
-

dx
= 0 5t

#
.

sec

13ft
12

7
5 ft
v= 5 = 12
y
x2 + y = 169

2 +
zy =
0

2 :
-Zydat
215) (or) = -
2(12) e

:-

� Watch the Video on Related Rates Q9

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 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6
Question 10 An observer stands 300 ft from the launch of a hot air balloon. The balloon
is launched vertically and maintains a constant upward velocity of 20 ft/sec . What is the
-

rate of change of the angle of elevation of the balloon when it is 400 ft from the ground?
-

500
=
y00

927)do
300
20 = sect (0 .

Yo : fantO)
300 300
tan" (5)

sel
:
o
927 20-
0 = 0 .

-
300
tanlo
=
I
do
t
= 0 027
tanco)
.

= x

y seco
: old
d
20
= Se(o) do (300
� Watch the Video on Related Rates Q10

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 6
Question 11 A 5 foot tall man walks away from a 15 foot tall street light at a rate of 2 feet
per second. At what rate is the length of the man’s shadow changing when they are 4 feet
from the street light?

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