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1.1 Notes

The document discusses the concept of functions, including their definitions, evaluations, and representations through the 'Rule of Four.' It also covers finding the domain and range of functions, as well as understanding intervals of increase, decrease, and concavity. Additionally, it introduces inflection points and provides examples of analyzing function behavior graphically.

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30 views6 pages

1.1 Notes

The document discusses the concept of functions, including their definitions, evaluations, and representations through the 'Rule of Four.' It also covers finding the domain and range of functions, as well as understanding intervals of increase, decrease, and concavity. Additionally, it introduces inflection points and provides examples of analyzing function behavior graphically.

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vishnuabboy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson I-A: Change in Tandem Function Rules A function is a mathematical relation that maps a set of input values to a set of output values 2 _| such that each input value is mapped to exactly one output value. = | The set of input values is called the _C Hc IMG of the function, and the set of output a 3s values is called the of the function. Q | The “Rule of Four” concept, developed by the Harvard Calculus Consortium, will strengthen your understanding for different ways to represent functions. THE RULE OF FOUR (G.N.A.W.) FOUR WAYS TO REPRESENT A FUNCTION . by points on a coordinate plane where input values are on the horizontal axis Graphically and output values are on the vertical axis Numerically by atable ora set of ordered pairs that matches input values with output values Algebraically by an equation in two variables Words by verbally describing how the input variable is related to the output variable Evaluating Functions EX #1: Given the function f(x) = 2x? + 5x, evaluate ey A. £8) = AC) + SB) B.f@)+F@ = Qy5x +33 UAl+ 15 =33 . 2 © fax) a(axy + 5(ax) D. -f@)=— (2X7 45x) 2(4x7) +10x 2 2 -2K-5x Bx" +10X = ve EACD 4 (-x)45(-x) FfE+3 QC x43 +5 (x43) 2 ax -5% 2 Crazed) + Sarid ACP AA) BX HS AxP HARTIS HSAMS Dy a1 py 4 SS, Finding the Domain of a Function Ifa function f is defined by an equation and no domain is specified, then the domain will be the largest set of real numbers for which the value of f(x) is a real number. Exclude any real numbers from a function's domain that cause division by zero or that result in an even root of a negative number, that is, an imaginary number. EX #2: Find the domain and range in each of the relations below. Determine if the relation is a function. =, t= a x y iz A (G-DAB.5), (0,4), (2,5)} B. Doin: domain C473 153,24 {-165-3,253% Range: 2 nee E-ab, oy i Range Function Relation Q D. f cre U4 + | (| atl Doman: [-4, D0) Sanction a (0e,-a) © Range : p~3, os) 7 fimctin —€a,5) oS,e4) EX #3: Find the domain of each of the following relations. Is the relation a function? Use a graphing calculator to verify your findings. genomina® #0 AL f(x) =x? 43x - B. g(x) = NO restrictions | A : 9 40 Doman : 4 ea ( i 00) : CAG) = VERS ~ - Batya 3 A-2x 20 eae Z -2x 2-4 : tA =y veg: Set ul oP Doman > ic Coo] (-02)-a) v (a 02) relanoy In general terms, we can say that a function increases over an open interval of its domain if its graph rises from left to right on the interval. Likewise, a function decreases over an open interval of its domain if its graph falls from left to right on the interval. Finally, a function is constant over an open interval of its domain if its graph is horizontal on the interval. It is important to note that the intervals refer to the x-values where the y-values either increase, decrease, or remain constant. Definition of Increase, Decrease and Constant Suppose that a function f is defined over an open interval, I and a and b are in I. Q fis increasing onan interval / if, for any two points in the interval, a positive change in x results in a positive change in f(x). Thatiis, for all a and b in the interval, if a f(b). Q fis constant on an interval / if, for any two points in the interval, a positive change in x results in a zero change in f(x). For every a and b, f(a) = f(b). KEY CONCEPT We read a graph in mathematics from left to right. the same way we read a book. EX #4: Consider the function y = g(x) shown at right, trace each interval where the function behavior is A. Increasing, using a GREEN pencil Identity the intervaitsy (Qy@Q) B. Decreasing, using a RED pencil Identify the interval(s) (-O0,Q) v (5, be) C. Constant, using a YEKLOW pencil Identify the interval(s)_(Q 5 D, State the Domain ofthe function_(—O0, 2°) E. State the Range of the function _(-00,00) F. What thoughts do you have about the intervals stated above? Did you use brackets (closed /included points) or parentheses (open/non-included points)? Why or why not? USZ Parenineses b/c Ends OF Intervals are Chang ng Moy -exack Lesson I-B: Change in Tandem Concavity and Inflection Points An inflection point is where a curve changes from concave upward to concave downward (or vice versa). We need Calculus to algebraically find where a curve goes from concave up to concave down Concave Up Concave Down Slope is increasing Slope is decreasing EX #5: Use the graph of g(x) shown at right to determine intervals of concavity and state the points of inflection. (-02)-.5) u(3, 22) concave Down: (=-553) Points of Inflection: G 5:3) CA ) Concave Up: EX #6: The function f(x) = 2x3 + 3x? — 12x — 4is shown at right. i A. Find the average between the high point and the low point to determine an approximate value for the x-coordinate for the point of inflection. B. Substitute your findings into the function to locate the approximate point of inflection on the graph of f. . State the intervals where the function is concave up and concave down. @ ay (b) £ CA) = 5h. © concave ue: (-Y4,2) Concave down (-05)-) Comparing Functions Graphically EX #11: Use the graphs of functions £(@) and g(x), shown at right, to answer the following, yr ets) A. The domain for each function. f@) (00, 20) g@) (- 02,00) B. The value(s) of x such that ror=0 44,9158 g@)=0 $-3,5) 7% C. The value(s) of x such that f(x) = g(x) $.3,3,9% D. The value(s) of x such that f(x) > g(x) (-053) 0 (3,9) E. The value(s) of x such that f(x) < g(x) (-3:3) v (4,00) F The value(s) of x such that g(x) > 0 (-a,5) v (hee) G. The value(s) of x such that f(x) < 0 C4)8). 0 (15,00) H. The value(s) of x such that f(x) increases (135) 1. The value(s) of x such that g(x) is constant Non] J. The value(s) of x such that g(x) decreases (3,6) K. The value(s) of x such that f(x) > 0 (-00,-4) v (a 15) L. The value(s) of x such that f(x) decreases 29-1) 9 Cor 22) ™. Ox) increases + (~02;3) vw (6, ee) Example 12: The graph of h(x) is shown above. Use the graph of h to find the open intervals where ft has the following behaviors. 2) his increasing b) his decreasing ©) his concave up (-a,0)0(4,4 ) — 4+a)u(0)4) (a 4) his both increasing and concave down ©) his both decreasing and concave up (-a,0) (a4) Example 13: The graph of k is increasing on the intervals (~4, 1) and (S, 7), and k is decreasing on the interval (1, 5). Additionally, the graph of k is concave up on the interval (3, 6) and concave down on the intervals (—4, 3) and (6, 7). Sketch a graph of k(x) below. Notes: Topic 1.1 Created by Bryan Passwater

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