P.AJAY, A.NITHESE KANNA, P.SUBARETHINAM, T.

ARUN
A NON ISOLATED HIGH VOLTAGE GAIN
DC-DC CONVERTER WITH SOFT
SWITCHING FOR PV APPLICATION


Abstract: This project describes the coupled inductor combination. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an

based high voltage dc –dc converter applications. The converter electric current using the photovoltaic effect. Concentrated
benefits from low ripple input current, simple control (both solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar
power switches operate synchronously), common ground tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot
sharing between input and output ports, low-voltage stress spot, often to drive a steam turbine. Photovoltaics were
across the power switches, positive output voltage, and initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and
quadratic voltage gain. This proposed converter provide the medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by
reduced voltage stress, high gain improved with reduced power
a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid
loss. Operating principles, mathematical calculation for steady-
rooftop PV system.
state operation, and small-signal modeling analysis are
described in detail. Finally, an experimental 25-20- 200 V
B.Buck Boost Dc To Dc Converter
prototype has been implemented to confirm all the
The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC
mathematical derivation and aforementioned features of the converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is
proposed buck–boost converter. either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude.
It is equivalent to a flyback converter using a single
inductor instead of a transformer. Two different topologies
are called buck–boost converter. Both of them can produce
I.INTRODUCTION a range of output voltages, ranging from much larger (in
absolute magnitude) than the input voltage, down to almost
zero. In the inverting topology, the output voltage is of the
B uck–boost dc–dc converters are widely used in many opposite polarity than the input. This is a switched-mode
applications, including LED lightening, fuel cell (FC) power supply with a similar circuit topology to the boost
systems, portable devices (laptop and mobile phones), and converter and the buck converter. The output voltage is
power factor correction circuits. In theory, the conventional adjustable based on the duty cycle of the switching
buck–boost converter is able to realize a large voltage gain. transistor. One possible drawback of this converter is that
However, due to parasitic resistances of the circuit the switch does not have a terminal at ground; this
elements, in practical operation, the voltage gain and complicates the driving circuitry. However, this drawback
efficiency degrades drastically. Also, the discontinuous is of no consequence if the power supply is isolated from
input current is another demerit of this converter, which the load circuit (if, for example, the supply is a battery)
makes it an unsuitable choice for renewable energy because the supply and diode polarity can simply be
sources. Although the discontinuous input current problem reversed. When they can be reversed, the switch can be on
is solved in Zeta, Cuk, and SEPIC converters, these either the ground side or the supply side.
converters need an extreme duty cycle for achieving a
C. Quadratic Voltage
high-voltage gain. For this reason, the lack of ability to
provide high-voltage gain still persists. Therefore, in recent High gain DC-DC converters are now used in several
years, researchers put so much effort into proposing and applications when high DC voltage is required. These
converters can work in the power range of few milliwatts
investigating new structures which are able to achieve
to a megawatt range. They are used in solar photovoltaic
high-voltage gain and efficiency as well as better operation
(PV) applications, robotics, aircraft, medical equipment,
characteristic.
high voltage DC systems, and electric vehicles. These
converters are made up of different combinations of
II. METHODS inductors, capacitors, diodes, and switches that are
connected suitably so that energy transfer can take place
A.Solar Power Energy between inductors and capacitors. The energy is stored in
Solar power is the conversion of renewable energy from the switched inductors and then transferred to the
sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics capacitors to obtain a high voltage at the output.
Conventional switch mode boost converter (CBC) and
(PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a other variants like single-ended primary-inductor converter
(SEPIC) and ZETA converters cannot produce high voltage


1
 gain, and the active and passive components have high G. Optocoupler TLP250H
voltage and current stress. Moreover, the efficiency also An optocoupler or optoelectronic coupler is an electronic
decreases significantly at higher duty ratios. Several component that basically acts as an interface between the
topologies utilize a combination of switched capacitors and two separate circuits with different voltage levels.
switched inductors to obtain high voltage. Optocouplers are common component by which electrical
D.Matlab2017 isolation can be supplied between the input and output
source. It is a 6 pin device and can have any number of
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a fourth-generation
photodetectors. Here, a beam of light emitted by a light
high-level programming language and interactive
source exists as an only contact between input and output.
environment for numerical computation, visualization and
Due to this, we can have an insulation resistance of
programming. MATLAB is developed by Math Works .It
megaohms between the two circuits. In high voltage
allows matrix manipulations; plotting of functions and
applications where the voltage difference between the two
data; implementation of algorithms; creation of user
circuits differs by several thousand volts, such isolation is
interfaces; interfacing with programs written in other
favourable. The use of all such electronic isolators lies in
languages, including C, C++, Java, and Fortran ;analyze
all that conditions where the signal is to pass between two
data; develop algorithms; and create models and
isolated circuits. Till now we have talked about an isolated
applications. It has numerous built-in commands and math
circuit but one should know the meaning of it before going
functions that help you in mathematical calculations,
into any further aspect.
generating plots and performing numerical methods.
H. Mosfet IRF840
E.Simulink
The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
Simulink is a block diagram environment for multi
(MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of field-
domain simulation and Model-Based Design. It supports
effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by the
system-level design, simulation, automatic code
controlled oxidation of silicon. It has an insulated gate,
generation, and continuous test and verification of
whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device.
embedded systems. Simulink provides a graphical editor,
This ability to change conductivity with the amount of
customizable block libraries, and solvers for modeling and
applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching
simulating dynamic systems. It is integrated with
electronic signals. A metal-insulator-semiconductor field-
MATLAB®, enabling you to incorporate MATLAB
effect transistor or MISFET is a term almost synonymous
algorithms into models and export simulation results to
with MOSFET. Another synonym is IGFET for insulated-
MATLAB for further analysis.
gate field-effect transistor.
I.Voltage Transformer Basics
F. dsPIC30F2010 Controller
One of the main reasons that we use alternating AC
PC (Program Counter) is 23 bits extensive with LSb
voltages and currents in our homes and workplace’s is that
(least significant bit) and the MSb (most significant bit) is
AC supplies can be easily generated at a convenient
always ignored during the normal running of program
voltage, transformed (hence the name transformer) into
except for some certain conditions or instructions. Then the
much higher voltages and then distributed around the
PC addresses up to 4M instructional words. There it uses an
country using a national grid of pylons and cables over
instructional mechanism just to maintain a throughput.
very long distances. The reason for transforming the
Program loop uses the DO and REPEAT instructions.
voltage to a much higher level is that higher distribution
These both are interruptible at any point of program. 16 x
voltages implies lower currents for the same power and
16 bit register act as data, address and offset register.When
therefore lower I2R losses along the networked grid of
we talk about data space which is 64 Kbytes (32K words)
cables. These higher AC transmission voltages and currents
and split into 2 blocks referred as X and Y data memory.
can then be reduced to a much lower, safer and usable
Both of these blocks has its own Address Generation Unit
voltage level where it can be used to supply electrical
(AGU). There is a specification of X and Y in
equipment in our homes and workplaces, and all this is
dsPIC30f2010 Microcontroller that these are device
possible thanks to the basic Voltage Transformer.
specific and could not be altered by their users. While
overhead free circular buffer are supported in both X and Y
address space. The core maintenance Inherent, Relative,
Literal, Register Offset, Register Direct, Register Indirect,
Literal Offset Addressing Modes. Most of the instructions III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
are related to the predefined Addressing modes and A novel buck–boost dc–dc converter with quadratic
depending upon their functional specifications. In most of voltage gain was proposed in this article. Positive output
the instructions, core is clever enough to run a program voltage, common ground sharing characteristic, and
data memory read, a data memory write, and an instruction continuous input current are obtained by the proposed
memory read per its instruction cycle. And core does not converter. In addition to these features, due to use of
backing or support a multi-stage data pipeline but a single coupled inductors, the presented converter is capable of
stage data prefetch mechanism is used here, which partially reaching high-voltage gain. However, one should note that
decodes instructions a cycle ahead of running, just to a higher voltage gain ratio in a step-up/down converter
increase available running time. Most of the results in a narrower duty cycle’s range for buck mode
data/instructions run in a single cycle, with certain operation. It is an inevitable characteristic of the proposed
exceptions. converter. Therefore, the converter is notPublished
a suitable
By: choice
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
and Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: paper_id//2021©BEIESP (BEIESP)
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.xxxxx.xxxxxx © Copyright: All rights reserved.
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
2
for the applications which need a very step-down voltage converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 3,
ratio. Moreover, a detailed comparison was made against pp. 1356–1372, Mar. 2015.
other similar buck–boost converters to verify the
effectiveness of the proposed converter. Based on this [5] B. Sahu and G. A. Rincon-Mora, “A low voltage,
comparison, the proposed converter has a good dynamic, noninverting, synchronous buck-boost converter
performance in normalized voltage gain, efficiency, and for portable applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
voltage gain. In addition to comprehensive steady-state vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 443–452, Mar. 2004.
analysis and efficiency calculation, the small-signal
modeling of the proposed converter has been derived. The [6] H. Lee, H. Choe, S. Ham, and B. Kang, “High-
derived model is available for future studies about efficiency asymmetric forward-flyback converter for wide
controller design. Juxtaposing all the above mentioned output power range,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 32,
approaches, the proposed converter can be employed for no. 1, pp. 433–440, Jan. 2017.
solar PV applications such as solar power optimizers.
AUTHORS PROFILE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT P. AJAY BE.EEE,

M. I.E.T Engineering college,
We sincerely express our whole hearted thanks to N. Trichy.
Chairman Alhaj Janab Er.A.MOHAMMED YUNUS, M.Sc
(Engg), Vice chairman Janab Dr. M.Y.ABDUL JALEEL
M.Tech, Ph.D, M.I.E.T Engineering College.
We sincerely thank Dr. A. NAVEEN SAIT. M.E, Ph.D, A.NITHESEKANNA BE.EEE,
Principal M.I.E.T Engineering College for furnishing every M.I.E.T Engineering college,
Trichy.
essential facility for doing our project.
We would like to thanks Mr. L.JEBARAJ M.E, Ph.D,
Head of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering
department, M.I.E.T. Engineering College for their P.SUBARETHINAM BE.EEE,
encouragement for completing our project successfully. M.I.E.T Engineering college,
We wish to express our sincere thanks to our Project Trichy.
Coordinator Mr.D.TAMILSELVAN M.E. Assistant
professor, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, for their valuable T.ARUN BE.EEE,
help and guidance rendered to us throughout the project M.I.E.T Engineering college,
and his encouragement for completing our project Trichy.
successfully.
We wish to express our sincere thanks to our internal guide
Mr.S.SAMAYA SANJEEVI M.E. Assistant professor,
M.I.E.T. Engineering College, for their valuable help and
guidance rendered to us throughout the project and his
encouragement for completing our project successfully.
We wish to express our sincere thanks to our guide and
non-teaching staff of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Department, for their valuable help and
guidance rendered to us throughout the project
We are extremely indebted to our friends and family
members for their adorable support throughout the
development of the project.

REFERENCES
[1] K. I. Hwu and Y. T. Yau, “Two types of KY buck–
boost converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no.
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[2] B.Wu, S. Li,Y. Liu, and K. M. Smedley, “A newhybrid

boosting converter for renewable energy applications,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1203–
1215, Feb. 2016.

[3] J. Hong, H. Lee, and K. Nam, “Charging method for

the secondary battery in dual-inverter drive systems for
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[4] B. Mahdavikhah and A. Prodi´c, “Low-volume PFC

rectifier based on nonsymmetric multilevel boost