NumPy Lab Questions

1.​ NumPy Array Operations

Understanding NumPy array creation, indexing, and mathematical operations.

Tasks:

1.​ Create a 1D NumPy array with five random integers between 10 and 50.
2.​ Create a 2D NumPy array (3×3) filled with random values.
3.​ Perform the following operations on the 1D array:
o​ Compute the sum, mean, maximum, and minimum values.
o​ Replace all even numbers with -1.
4.​ Slice the 2D array to extract the first two rows and last two columns.

Program:
import numpy as np

array_1d = np.random.randint(10,50,size=5)
print("1D Numpy Array=",array_1d)

array_2d = np.random.random((3,3))
print("2D Numpy Array=",array_2d)

print("Sum of the 1d array=",array_1d.sum())

print("Mean of the 1d array",array_1d.mean())
print("Max of the 1d array",array_1d.max())
print("Min of the 1d array",array_1d.min())

array_1d[array_1d%2==0] = -1

print("Updated 1d Array(Replaced even with -1)=",array_1d)

print("Last 2 coloumns of first 2 rows of 1D
Array=",array_2d[:2,-2:])

Output:
1D Numpy Array= [48 22 25 40 21]
2D Numpy Array= [[0.83544465 0.20750278 0.81936127]
[0.37480703 0.92931545 0.44149517]
[0.7756679 0.51987102 0.4371961 ]]
Sum of the 1d array= 156
Mean of the 1d array 31.2
Max of the 1d array 48
Min of the 1d array 21
Updated 1d Array(Replaced even with -1)= [-1 -1 25 -1 21]
Last 2 coloumns of first 2 rows of 1D Array= [[0.20750278
0.81936127]
[0.92931545 0.44149517]]

2.​ NumPy Matrix Multiplication

Perform matrix operations using NumPy.

Tasks:

1.​ Create two 2×2 matrices using NumPy arrays with integer values.
2.​ Perform element-wise addition and subtraction of these matrices.
3.​ Compute the matrix multiplication (dot product) of the two matrices.
4.​ Find the transpose and determinant of one of the matrices.

Program:
import numpy as np

a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

b = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a@b)
print(a.transpose())
print(np.linalg.det(a))

Output:
[[ 6 8]
[10 12]]
[[-4 -4]
[-4 -4]]
[[19 22]
[43 50]]
[[1 3]
[2 4]]
-2.0000000000000004

3. NumPy Array Indexing and Slicing

🔹 Objective: Learn how to extract specific elements from NumPy arrays.
Tasks:

1.​ Create a 3×3 NumPy array with values from 10 to 90, increasing by 10.
2.​ Extract the middle row and middle column from the array.
3.​ Replace all values greater than 50 with 0.
4.​ Convert the 1D array [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] into a 3×3 matrix.

Program:
import numpy as np

array = np.arange(10,100,10).reshape(3,3)
print("3x3 Numpy array=",array)
print("Middle Row=",array[1,:])
print("Middle Coloumn=",array[:,1])

array[array>50] = 0
print("Updated array (Convert >50 to 0)=",array)

a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
print("1d Array=",a)
print("1d to 3x3 Matrix= ",a.reshape(3,3))

Output:
3x3 Numpy array= [[10 20 30]
[40 50 60]
[70 80 90]]
Middle Row= [40 50 60]
Middle Coloumn= [20 50 80]
Updated array (Convert >50 to 0)= [[10 20 30]
[40 50 0]
[ 0 0 0]]
1d Array= [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
1d to 3x3 Matrix= [[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]
 Pandas Lab Questions

1.​ Creating and Manipulating DataFrames

Objective: Create and modify Pandas DataFrames.

Tasks:

1.​ Create a Pandas DataFrame from the following dictionary:

data = {"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"], "Age": [25, 30, 35], "City": ["NY", "LA", "Chicago"]}

2.​ Add a new column called "Salary" with values [50000, 60000, 55000].
3.​ Display only the "Name" and "Age" columns.
4.​ Update Bob’s age to 32 and display the modified DataFrame.

Program:
import pandas as pd

data = {"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"], "Age": [25, 30, 35],

"City": ["NY", "LA", "Chicago"]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

df["Salary"] = [50000, 60000, 55000]

print(df[["Name","Age"]])

df.loc[df["Name"] == "Bob", "Age"] = 32

print("Updated Dataframe:")
print(df.head())

Output:
​ Name Age
0​ Alice 25
1 ​ Bob 30
2 Charlie 35
Updated Dataframe:
​ Name Age ​ City Salary
0​ Alice 25 ​ NY 50000
1 ​ Bob 32 ​ LA 60000
2 Charlie 35 Chicago 55000

2.​ Reading and Analyzing CSV Data

Objective: Load and analyze real-world data using Pandas.

Tasks:

1.​ Load the dataset from a CSV file (e.g., sales_data.csv).

2.​ Display the first five rows of the dataset.
3.​ Find the total number of rows and columns in the dataset.
4.​ Calculate the average sales per product and display it.
5.​ Check for missing values and replace them with an appropriate value.

Program:
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('sales_data.csv')

print(df.head(5))
print("Total number of rows and columns:")
print(df.shape)
print(df.groupby("Product")["Revenue"].mean())
df.fillna(0, inplace=True)
print("\nDataFrame after replacing missing values with 0:")
print(df)

Output:
​ Date Day ​ Month Year Customer_Age ​ Age_Group
... Order_Quantity Unit_Cost Unit_Price Profit Cost Revenue
0 2013-11-26 26 November 2013 ​ 19 ​ Youth (<25)
... ​ 8 ​ 45 ​ 120​ 590 360 ​ 950
1 2015-11-26 26 November 2015 ​ 19 ​ Youth (<25)
... ​ 8 ​ 45 ​ 120​ 590 360 ​ 950
2 2014-03-23 23 ​March 2014 ​49 Adults (35-64)
... ​ 23 ​ 45 ​ 120 1366 1035​ 2401
3 2016-03-23 23 ​March 2016 ​49 Adults (35-64)
... ​ 20 ​ 45 ​ 120 1188 900​ 2088
4 2014-05-15 15 ​ May 2014 ​ 47 Adults
(35-64) ... ​ 4 ​ 45 ​ 120​ 238 180
​ 418

[5 rows x 18 columns]
Total number of rows and columns:
(113036, 18)
Product
AWC Logo Cap ​ 126.025700
All-Purpose Bike Stand ​ 758.106195
Bike Wash - Dissolver ​ 110.169069
Classic Vest, L ​ 845.732704
Classic Vest, M ​ 871.137500
​...​
Touring-3000 Yellow, 62 ​ 786.583333
Water Bottle - 30 oz. ​ 69.113860
Women's Mountain Shorts, L ​ 938.331395
Women's Mountain Shorts, M​ 1001.744713
Women's Mountain Shorts, S ​ 961.753226
Name: Revenue, Length: 130, dtype: float64

DataFrame after replacing missing values with 0:

​ Date Day ​ Month Year Customer_Age ...
Unit_Cost Unit_Price Profit Cost Revenue
0 ​2013-11-26 26 November 2013 ​19 ... ​ 45
​ 120​ 590 360 ​ 950
1 ​2015-11-26 26 November 2015 ​19 ... ​ 45
​ 120​ 590 360 ​ 950
2 ​2014-03-23 23 ​ March 2014 ​49 ... ​ 45
​ 120 1366 1035​ 2401
3 ​2016-03-23 23 ​ March 2016 ​49 ... ​ 45
​ 120 1188 900​ 2088
4 ​2014-05-15 15 ​ May 2014 ​ 47 ... ​ 45
​ 120​ 238 180 ​ 418
... ​ ... ... ​ ... ... ​ ... ...
​ ... ​ ...​ ... ... ​ ...
113031 2016-04-12 12 ​April 2016 ​41 ... ​ 24
​ 64​ 112​ 72 ​ 184
113032 2014-04-02​ 2 ​ April 2014 ​18 ... ​ 24
​ 64​ 655 528​1183
113033 2016-04-02​ 2 ​ April 2016 ​18 ... ​ 24
​ 64​ 655 528​1183
113034 2014-03-04​ 4 ​ March 2014 ​37 ... ​ 24
​ 64​ 684 576​1260
113035 2016-03-04​ 4 ​ March 2016 ​37 ... ​ 24
​ 64​ 655 552​1207

[113036 rows x 18 columns]

3.​ Filtering and Grouping Data in Pandas

Objective: Perform filtering and aggregation operations on data.

Tasks:

1.​ Create a Pandas DataFrame for the following sales data:

data = {"Product": ["Laptop", "Phone", "Tablet", "Laptop", "Phone"],

"Sales": [1200, 800, 600, 1300, 950],

"Region": ["North", "South", "East", "West", "North"]}

Filter the records where sales > 1000.

2.​ Group the data by "Region" and find the total sales in each region.
3.​ Sort the DataFrame based on Sales in descending order.

Program:
import pandas as pd
data = {"Product": ["Laptop", "Phone", "Tablet", "Laptop",
"Phone"],
"Sales": [1200, 800, 600, 1300, 950],
"Region": ["North", "South", "East", "West", "North"]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print("Orginal data:\n",df)

filtered_data = df[df["Sales"] > 1000]

print("Filtered data(Sales>1000):\n",filtered_data)

grouped = df.groupby("Region")["Sales"].sum()
print("Grouped Data:\n",grouped)

sorted = df.sort_values("Sales", ascending=False)

print("Sorted Data:\n",sorted)

Output:
Orginal data:
Product Sales Region
0 Laptop 1200 North
1 Phone 800 South
2 Tablet 600 East
3 Laptop 1300 West
4 Phone 950 North
Filtered data(Sales>1000):
Product Sales Region
0 Laptop 1200 North
3 Laptop 1300 West
Grouped Data:
Region
East 600
North 2150
South 800
West 1300
Name: Sales, dtype: int64
Sorted Data:
Product Sales Region
3 Laptop 1300 West
0 Laptop 1200 North
4 Phone 950 North
1 Phone 800 South
2 Tablet 600 East

4.​ Analyzing Sales Data with Pandas

●​ Objective: Use Pandas to clean, analyze, and visualize sales data.

●​ Tasks:
1.​ Load a CSV file containing sales data (date, product, sales, region).
2.​ Handle missing values and format the date column properly.
3.​ Group data by product and region to analyze total sales trends.

Program:
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("sales_data.csv")

df.fillna({
"Revenue": df["Revenue"].median(),
"State": "Unknown",
 "Product": "Unknown"
}, inplace=True)

df["Date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["Date"], errors='coerce')

grouped_sales = df.groupby(["Product", "State"])["Revenue"].sum()
print(grouped_sales)

Output:
AWC Logo Cap Alberta 720
Bayern 11450
Brandenburg 2112
British Columbia 65436
California 109891
...​ ... ...
Women's Mountain Shorts, S South Australia 8725
Tasmania 1020
Val de Marne 332
Victoria 20406
Washington 66835
Name: Revenue, Length: 2705, dtype: int64