Epl Manual
Epl Manual
LABORATORY MANUAL
(2019 Regulation)
Prepared by
1.Dr.R.Arivalahan/Professor
2.Dr.S.Malathi/Assoc.Prof
3.Ms.S.Vanila/AP-Sel.G
4.Mr.S.Padhmanabha Iyappan/AP-Sel.G
5.Ms.R.V.Preetha/AP-Sr.G
6.Mr.K.Ragul Kumar/AP-O.G
7.Mr.P.Tamilarasan/AP-O.G
8.Mr.S.Venkatesh/AP-O.G
9.Ms.R.Elavarasi/AP-O.G
10.Ms.A.Dhivya/AP-O.G
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
1. Residential house wiring using Switches, Fuse, Indicator, Lamp and Energy meter.
2. Fluorescent Lamp Wiring.
3. Staircase Wiring.
4. Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Power factor in electrical circuit.
5. Measurement of Energy using Analog & Digital Energy meter.
6. Measurement of Earth Resistance.
7. Study of Industrial house wiring.
8. Identification & Study of protective devices: Fuses & Fuse carriers, MCB, ELCB and
Isolators with ratings and usage.
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INDEX
Group B (Electrical)
Marks Faculty
S.No Date Name of the Experiment Page No.
(10) Signature
Residential house wiring using
1 Switches, Fuse, Indicator, Lamp and
Energy meter
2 Fluorescent Lamp Wiring
3 Staircase Wiring
Measurement of Voltage, Current,
4 Power and Power factor in electrical
circuit
Measurement of Energy using
5
Analog & Digital Energy meter
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Expt.No: 1
Date:
Residential House Wiring using Switches, Fuse, Indicator, Lamp and Energy Meter
Aim:
To construct residential house wiring using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and energy
meter.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 SPST Switch (Single Pole Single Through)
2 Fuse
3 Indicator
4 Lamp
5 Fan
5 Energy meter
6 Connecting wires
Theory:
Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying
the maximum current which will flow through them. Conductors should be of copper or
aluminum. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to
carry. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution
boards at convenient centers. Wiring should be neat with good appearance. Wires should pass
through a pipe or box and should not twist or cross. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel
conduit conforming to standards or in a porcelain tube.
Procedure:
1. Study the given wiring diagram.
2. Make the location points for energy meter, fuse, indicator, main switch box, switch
board, lamp and ceiling rose.
3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the lamp holder, switches, ceiling rose and socket in marked positions on the
wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the wooden
board.
7. Give supply to the wired circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.
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Circuit Diagram:
Result:
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Expt.No:2
Date:
Fluorescent Lamp Wiring
Aim:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 Fluorescent Lamp
2 Lamp Holder
3 Switch
4 Starter
5 Choke
6 Connecting wires
Theory:
Fluorescent lights are the most commonly used high source for illumination in houses,
industries, commercial organizations and public utility services. A fluorescent lamp is a low
pressure mercury and public utility services. A fluorescent discharge lamp with internal
surface coated with suitable fluorescent material. This lamp consists of glass tube provided at
both ends with caps having two pins and oxide coated tungsten filament. Tube contains
argon or krypton gas to facilitate starting with small quantity of mercury under low pressure.
Fluorescent material, when subjected to electro-magnetic radiations of particular wavelength
produced by the discharge through the mercury vapor, gets excited and in turn gives out
radiation at some other wave length which falls under visible spectrum. Thus, the secondary
radiations from fluorescent powder increase the efficiency of the lamp. Fluorescent lights in
India are generally made either 61cm long for 20W rating or 122 cm long for 40W rating.
In order to make a Fluorescent light self starting, electronic choke is connected in the
circuit. When switch S is closed, full supply voltage appears across the electrodes which are
enclosed in a glasses bulb filled with argon gas. This voltage causes discharge in the argon
gas with consequent heating of the electrodes. Due to this heating, the electrode in the starter
which is made of bimetallic strip, bends and closes contact of the starter. At this stage, the
choke, the filaments of the tube and the starter become connected in series across the supply.
A current flows through the filaments and heats them. Meanwhile the argon discharge in the
starter tube disappears and after a cooling time, the electrodes of starter cause a sudden break
in the circuit. This causes a high value of induced EMF in the choke. The induces EMF in
the choke is applied across the Fluorescent light electrodes and is responsible for initiating a
gaseous discharge because initial heating has already created good number of free electrons
in the vicinity of electrodes.
Procedure:
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Circuit Diagram
Result:
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Expt. No: 3
Date:
Staircase Wiring
Aim:
To control the status of the given lamp by using 2 two way switches.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 SPDT Switch
2 Lamp
3 Connecting wires
Procedure:
1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe.
3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point of
SPDT switch 1.
4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the upper point of SPDT switch2.
5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the lower point SPDT switch2.
6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2 is
connected to one end of the lamp holder.
7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
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Circuit Diagram:
Result:
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Expt. No: 4
Date:
Aim:
To measure voltage, current, power and power factor in a single phase AC circuit
using R load.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Name of the Apparatus Range/Type Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Wattmeter
4 R Load
5 Connecting Wires
Theory:
Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists
of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is
marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that
is proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is
proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading.
The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. The voltmeter is connected in parallel to
the wattmeter. The power consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and also
calculated using the formula.
Procedure:
1. Connection is given as per circuit diagram.
2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Switching of the power supply.
4. Apply the load by adjusting R load.
5. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
6. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum position.
7. Switch off the power supply.
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Circuit Diagram:
Observation Table:
Power (W) Apparent
Actual Load Power Factor
Sl.No Voltage (V) Current (A) Multiplication Factor= Power
(W)
Observed Actual (VA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Real Power =
Actual Power = Observed Wattmeter reading × Multiplication Factor
Apparent Power = V×I (in Watts)
) = Actual Power / Apparent Power
Model Calculation:
Result:
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Expt.No:5
Date:
Measurement of Energy using Analog & Digital Energy meter
Aim:
To measure the energy in a single phase circuit using analog and digital energy meter.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Name of the apparatus Range/type Quantity
Single Phase Analog Energy
1
meter
Single Phase Digital Energy
2
meter
3 Voltmeter
4 Ammeter
5 Wattmeter
6 Load
7 Connecting Wires
Theory:
Energy meters are integrating instruments and are used for measurement of energy in
a circuit over a given time. Since the working principle of such instrument is based on
electro-magnetic induction, these are known as induction type energy meter. There are two
coils in an induction type energy meter, namely current coil and voltage coil. The current coil
is connected in series with the load while the voltage coil is connected across the load. The
aluminium disc experiences deflecting torque due to eddy currents induced in it and its
rotations are counted by a gear train mechanism.
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DPST switch.
3. Load is switched on.
4. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the
Corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted.
5. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed
number of revolutions.
6. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
7. The error is calculated by using the given formula.
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Circuit Diagram:
Observation Table:
Power (W) Observed Observed
Energy Energy
Time in Calculated
Sl. Load V I (kWh)- (kWh)- %
Seconds (t) Energy
No (W) (V) (A) Observed Actual Analog Digital Error
(5 Revs) (kWh)
Energy Energy
meter meter
1
2
3
4
5
Model Calculation:
Calculated Energy=
Observed Energy = (Number of Revolutions per sec / n) kWh
n - Energy Meter Constant
Result:
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Expt.No:6
Date:
Measurement of Earth Resistance
Aim:
Apparatus Required:
S.No Name of the Apparatus Range/type Quantity
1. Megger
2. Connecting Rods
3. Connecting Wires
4.
Theory:
For this experiment we have to use the Megger. It is an instrument for testing the
insulation resistance of the order of mega ohms.
A megger consists of an emf source and a voltmeter. The voltmeter scale is calibrated
in ohms. In measurement, the emf of the self-contained source should be equal that of the
source used in calibration. The deflection of the moving system depends on the ratio of the
currents in the coils and is independent of the applied voltage. The value of unknown
resistance can be found directly from the scale of the instrument. Figure shows detailed
diagram of a megger. It consists of a hand driven dc generator of emf about 500V. The
permanent dc meter has two moving coils. First one is deflecting coil and another one is
controlling coil. The deflecting coil is connected to the generator through a resistor R2. The
torque due to two coils opposes each other. It consists of three terminals E (earth terminal)
and L (line terminal) and G (guard wire terminal).
Operation:
When the terminals are open circuited, no current flows through the deflecting coil.
The torque to the controlling coil moves the pointer to one end of the scale. When the
terminals are short circuited, the torque due to the controlling coil moves the pointer to the
other end of the scale i.e. zero mark. In between the two extreme positions the scale is
calibrated to indicate the value of unknown resistance directly. The unknown insulation
resistance is the combination of insulation volume resistance and surface leakage resistance.
The guard wire terminal makes the surface leakage current to bypass the instrument hence
only insulation resistance is measured.
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Tabulation:
Resistance
S.No Position (Distance in Meter)
1 Square
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m
2 Horizontal
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m
3 Triangular
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m
Result:
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Expt. No:7
Date:
Study of Industrial House Wiring
Aim:
To study about industrial house wiring.
Theory:
circumstances, current should not be passing through it. Only when there is a short circuit
electricity should pass through the ground wire; this happens so that the circuit breaker will
kill the flow of current to the site or appliance.
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Result:
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Expt.No:8
Date:
Identification & Study of Protective devices: Fuses & Fuse carriers, MCB, ELCB and
Isolators with ratings and usage
Aim:
To identify and study about protective devices in electrical circuits.
1. Fuse
Fuse generally means a fuse wire, placed in a fuse holder. It is a safety device which
protects electrical and electronic circuit against over loads, short circuit and earth faults. The
fuse link or fuse wire is made of low resistivity material and low melting point.
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Operation of a Fuse
Fuse is a short length of wire designated to melt and separate in case of excessive
current. The fuse is connected in the phase of the supply. It is always connected in series with
the circuit components that need to be protected. When the current drawn by the circuit
exceeds the rated current of the fuse wire, the fuse wire melts and breaks. This disconnects
the supply from the circuit and thus protects the circuit and the components in the circuit.
Cartridge Fuse
This fuse unit is in the form of a cartridge. It s normally manufactured in the range of
2A to 100A. Whenever the fuse blows off, fuse with carrier is replaced by a new one. As it is
sealed, it cannot be rewired.
Cartridge fuses are used to protect motors and branch circuit where higher amps or
volt ratings are required. They are available in wide variety of sizes, amp and volt ratings up
to 600Vac and 600amps. Cartridge fuses are used extensively in commercial, industrial and
agricultural applications as well as residential fuse panels, air conditioning, pumps,
appliances and other equipment. Cartridge Fuses are available in two types- General purpose
fuses and Heavy duty fuses. General purpose fuses have no time delay and protect fuse panel,
appliances and branch circuits. Heavy duty fuses have a time delay feature.
HRC Fuse
High Rupture Capacity fuse unit. It is normally designed for high current. When fuse
is blown off, the entire unit is to be replaced by a new one. It cannot be rewired as it is a
sealed one.
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Advantages of MCB
1. They act and open the circuit in less than 5 milli seconds.
2. Automatic switch off under overload and short circuit condition
3. No fuse to replace or rewire. It needs no repairs.
4. Supply is restored by resetting it again.
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MCB Selection
The first characteristic is the overload which is intended to prevent the accidental
overloading of the cable in a no fault situation. The speed of the MCB tripping will vary with
the degree of the overload. This is usually achieved by the use of a thermal device in the
MCB.
The second characteristic is the magnetic fault protection, which is intended to
operate when the fault reaches a predetermined level and to trip the MCB within one tenth of
a second. The level of this magnetic trip gives the MCB its type characteristic as follows:
The third characteristic is the short circuit protection, which is intended to protect
against heavy faults maybe in thousands of amps caused by short circuit faults.
The capability of the MCB to operate under these conditions gives its short circuit
rating in Kilo amps (KA). In general for consumer units a 6KA fault level is adequate
whereas for industrial boards 10KA fault capabilities or above may be required.
Necessity of Earthing
Earthing is necessary for all domestic, commercial and industrial installation to
safeguard the operator, tall buildings and machinery against lightning.
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Metal body of all the electrical appliances, equipment and machinery, the earth points
of all three-pin sockets and the body of the energy meter are connected to earth through a
thick G.I. wire.
Whenever a live wire comes in contact with the body of the appliance, it is directly
connected to earth the grounding wire and hence the body voltage comes to zero. Therefore
the operator does not get any shock, when he comes in contact with body of the appliance.
The high voltage included during lightning is discharged to earth through grounding
wire and thereby building and machinery are protected.
Isolators
Circuit breaker always trips the circuit but when there is an open contact of the
breaker, it cannot be physically seen from outside of the breaker and that is why it is
for the safety so that; one can see the condition of the section of the circuit before touching it.
The isolator is a switch which isolates the part of the circuit system when it is required.
Electrical isolators are the separate part of the system that is created for the safe maintenance.
Isolators are generally used at the end of the breaker to repair or to replace.
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Result:
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All 2nd Semester Subjects
Professional English - II - HS3252 Engineering Graphics - GE3251
Statistics and Numerical Methods - Physics for Electronics Engineering -
MA3251 PH3254
Physics for Electrical Engineering - Physics for Civil Engineering - PH3201
PH3202
Materials Science - PH3251 Basic Electrical and Electronics
Engineering - BE3251
Physics for Information Science - Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering -
PH3256 BE3255
Basic Electrical and Instrumentation Electric Circuit Analysis (Circuit
Engineering - BE3254 Theory) - EE3251
Programming in C - CS3251 Circuit Analysis - EC3251
Data Structures Design - AD3251