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Energetics

The document provides worked solutions for NSAA past papers, focusing on topics such as energetics and chemical reactions. It includes detailed calculations for bond energies, enthalpy changes, and isomer identification for various organic compounds. Additionally, it covers specific questions from the 2016 and 2017 NSAA exams, illustrating concepts in natural sciences and organic chemistry.

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11 views27 pages

Energetics

The document provides worked solutions for NSAA past papers, focusing on topics such as energetics and chemical reactions. It includes detailed calculations for bond energies, enthalpy changes, and isomer identification for various organic compounds. Additionally, it covers specific questions from the 2016 and 2017 NSAA exams, illustrating concepts in natural sciences and organic chemistry.

Uploaded by

tgkt7bjhjd
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Worked Solutions for NSAA Past Papers

NSAA Topic – Energetics (Old Spec)


Provided by - www.oxbridgemind.co.uk

Information on Natural Sciences and NSAA 1-1 Programmes -


https://oxbridgemind.co.uk/our-programmes/nat-sci/
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NSAA Section 1 2016 - Question 54

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NSAA 2016 Section 1 - Question 54 - Worked Solution
Let us calculate the bond energy of the reactants.

For, H2C═CH2 we have +611kJ (1 x C=C), +1652kJ (4 x C-H) = +2263 kJ


For H2O, we have +928kJ (2 x O-H) = +928 kJ

So total energy of reactants= +3191 kJ

Let us calculate the bond energy of product. Let the unkown C-O bond energy be x kJ.
For C2H5OH, we have +2065kJ (5 x C-H), +346kJ (1 x C-C), +464kJ (1x O-H) and x kJ (1 x C-O) =
2875kJ + x kJ

We know that ∆H = total energy of products - total energy of reactants


So total energy of products = ∆H + total energy of reactants
= -45 kJ + 3191 kJ
= +3146 kJ

We can now find x

We know that 2875 kJ + x = 3146


So x = +271 kJ

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NSAA Section 2 2016 - Question 4

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (a) - Worked Solution
Six alkenes are:
- 3-methylbut-1-ene
- 2-methylbut-1-ene
- 2-methylbut-2-ene
- Pent-1-ene
- E-pent-2-ene
- Z-pent-2-ene

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (b) - Worked Solution
There is no reasoning required in the answer to this question, only the isomers.

The two alkane isomers which can be formed are pentane and 2-methylbutane.

The chlorination of pentane gives three isomers: 1-chloropentane, 2-chloropentane and 3-chloropentane.

The chlorination of 2-methylbutane gives four isomers: 1-chloro-2-methylbutane,


2-chloro-2-methylbutane, 1-chloro-3-methylbutane and 3-chloro-2-methylbutane.

This means that with 3 possible isomers from chlorination, alkane B must be pentane and alkane A (with
4 possible isomers from chlorination) must be 2-methylbutane.

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (c) - Worked Solution
S, T and U give alkane B, so must be pent-1-ene, E-pent-2-ene and Z-pent-2-ene. This then requires you
to think about the carbocations which would form during the addition reaction; the two pent-2-ene
stereoisomers would form 2 different secondary carbocations for the two structural isomers, whereas
pent-1-ene would either form a secondary carbocation or a primary one, which won’t happen. Therefore,
only the isomer which would form from the secondary carbocation would be seen, so the answer is
pent-1-ene. (draw out the possible structures in your answer).

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (d) - Worked Solution
R is 2-methylbut-2-ene.

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (e) - Worked Solution
Hydrogenation of P and Q will both give A. Therefore, enthalpy of formation of P and Q can be compared
by comparing their enthalpies of hydrogenation.

P + H2 = A and Q + H2 = A

deltaH (hydrogenation) for these reactions is = deltafH (A) – deltafH (P or Q)

So, deltafH (P or Q) = deltafH (A) – deltaH(hydrogenation)

Since hydrogenation enthalpy is more negative for Q than for P, -deltaH (hydrogenation) is more positive
for Q than for P, so deltafH is larger for Q (Q is less negative), so P has the more substituted double bond;
P is 2-methylbut-1-ene and Q is 3-methylbut-1-ene.

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NSAA 2016 Section 2 – Question 4 (f) - Worked Solution
Write out equations:

Enthalpy of hydrogenation of P = -113:


C5H10 + H2 = C5H12

Enthalpy of combustion of resulting alkane A = -3528:


C5H12 + 8O2 = 5CO2 + 6H2O

Reverse the enthalpy of formation of water = +286:


H2O = H2 + 0.5O2

Adding all three together gives:


C5H10 + 3.5O2 = 5CO2 + 5H2O

DeltaH for this is -113 – 3528 + 286 = -3355 kJ/mol

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NSAA Section 1 2017 - Question 49

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NSAA 2017 Section 1 - Question 49 - Worked Solution
The correct answer is E.

The energy of the reactants = (1 x N≡N) + (3 x H-H)


= (1 x N≡N) + (3 x 436 kJ)
= (N≡N) + 1308 kJ

The energy of the products = 2 x (3 x N-H)


= 2 x (3 x 391 kJ)
= +2346 kJ

We know that energy is released (i.e. reaction is exothermic), and so enthalpy change will be negative.
ΔH = -93 kJ

ΔH = (Energy of reactants) - (Energy of products)


-93 kJ = [ (N≡N) + 1308 kJ ] - (2346 kJ)
-93 kJ = (N≡N) - 1038 kJ

So
N≡N = +945 kJ

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NSAA Section 2 2017 - Question C2

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NSAA 2017 Section 2 - Question C2 (a) - Worked Solution
(-1.07 x 10^5 x 3 x 2 x 1) / (73+133) = 3120kJ / mol

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NSAA 2017 Section 2 - Question C2 (b) - Worked Solution
(-1.07 x 10^5 x 4 x 3 x 1) / (54 +133) = -6870kJ/mol

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NSAA 2017 Section 2 - Question C2 (c) - Worked Solution
CuF2: assume F=-1, so Cu is +2 (as species neutral)
CuF3: assume F = -1, so Cu is +3 (As species neutral)
therefore this is a redox reaction

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NSAA 2017 Section 2 - Question C2 (d) - Worked Solution
3120 + 3555 - (1/2) 540 - 6870 = -465 kJ/mol

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NSAA 2017 Section 2 - Question C2 (e) - Worked Solution
2 x 3000 + 3000 - 2000 - 7000 - 1000 = 1000 kJ mol-1

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