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Lecture-1

The document describes two geometric methods for solving systems of linear equations: the row picture method and the column picture method. The row picture method involves plotting lines, finding intersections for solutions, while the column picture method uses linear combinations of column vectors and graphical representation to determine solutions. An example system of equations is provided to illustrate these methods.

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anjanasharma07850
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7 views

Lecture-1

The document describes two geometric methods for solving systems of linear equations: the row picture method and the column picture method. The row picture method involves plotting lines, finding intersections for solutions, while the column picture method uses linear combinations of column vectors and graphical representation to determine solutions. An example system of equations is provided to illustrate these methods.

Uploaded by

anjanasharma07850
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE GEOMETRY OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

To solve a system of equations geometrically two methods are used.

(i) Row picture method :

1. Plot the straight lines corresponding to the given equations.

2. Find the points of intersection(s) if exist. The x-coordinate value of the point of intersec-
tion represents the value of x and y- coordinate value gives the value of y.

3. Here if the lines are intersecting then unique solution.

4. If they are parallel then no solution.

5. If they represent the same line then every point on the line is a solution of it.

(See the first figure)

(ii) Column picture method :

1. Write the given system of equations as a linear combinations of column vectors equal to
the rhs vector.
     
a11 a12 b
x+ y= 1 .
a21 a22 b2

2. Plot the points P = (a11 , a21 ), Q = (a12 , a22 ) in xy-plane.

3. Join each point with the origin O. Extend the lines.

4. Plot the point B = (b1 , b2 ). Draw a line from B to OP parallel to OQ and get the
coordinates of point of intersection (h1 , h2 ).

6.
5. Also, draw a line from B to OQ parallel to OP and get the coordinates of point of
intersection (k1 , k2 ).
       
a11 h1 a12 k
7. Find the values of x and y from the equations: x= and y= 1 .
a21 h2 a22 k2

(See the second figure)

Consider a system of equations

2x − y = 1
x + y = 5.

1
Figure 1: Row Picture Method

Figure 2: Column Picture Method

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