Signal and Systems Lab
Signal and Systems Lab
The fundamental frequency of the kth complex sinusoid ϕk is kωo ,an integer multiple of ωo .Since
the fundamental frequency of each of the harmonically-related complex sinusoids is an integer
multiple of ωo ,a linear combination of these complex sinusoids must be periodic. More specifi-
cally, a linear combination of these complex sinusoids is periodic with period T = ω2πo . Suppose
that we can represent a periodic complex-valued function x as a linear combination of harmon-
ically related complex sinusoids as :
∞
X
x(t) = ck ejkωo t
k=−∞
∞
X
x(t) = ck ejkωo t
k=−∞
Analysis Equation
The continuous time fourier series analysis equation is given by:
Z
1
ck = x(t)e−jkωo t dt
T T
1
Fourier Transform Equations
Analysis Equation
The continuous time fourier transfom analysis equation is :
Z ∞
X(ω) = x(t)e−jωt dt
−∞
Synthesis Equation
The continuous time fourier transform synthesis equation is :
Z ∞
1
x(t) = X(ω)ejωt dω
2π −∞
ϕk = ej(2π/N )kn
for all k ϵ Z
where N is a positive integer constant. Since, ejθ
is 2π-periodic in variableθ,ϕk = ϕk+mN
for all m ϵ Z.Consequently , the above set of sequences contains only N distinct ele-
ments, which can be obtained by choosing k as any set of N consecutive integers.
X
x(n) = ck ejk(2π/N )
k=<N >
1 X
ck = x(n)e−jk(2π/N )
N
n=<N >
∞
X
X(Ω) = x(n)e−jΩn
n=−∞
2
0.3 Synthesis Equation
Z
1
x(n) = X(Ω)ejΩn dΩ
2π 2π
% Define parameters
M = 16; % Number of DFT points
N = 8; % Length of unit step signal
u = ones (1 , N ) ; % Unit step input
3
Output
Program 2
% Frequency index
n = 0: length ( Y ) -1;
4
Output
Program 3
5
Output