STEAM

GENERATOR
BOILERS
 What is Steam Boiler?
is an integrated assembly of several essential
components the function of which is to produce
steam at a predetermined pressure and
temperature.
CLASSIFICATION OF
BOILERS
1. WATER TUBE BOILER
2. FIRE TUBE BOILER
WATER TUBE BOILER FIRE TUBE BOILER
The water tube boiler is a The fire tube boiler is a steam
steam boiler in which boiler in which hot gaseous
water circulates within
products of combustion pass
tubes and heat is applied
from outside the tubes to through tubes surrounded by
generate steam. boiler water.
TYPES OF BOILERS
POWER BOILER
is a closed vessel in which
steam or other vapor (to be
used externally to itself) is
generated at a pressure of
more than 1.055 kg/cm²
gage by the direct
application of heat.
PORTABLE BOILER
is an internally fired boller which
is self-contained and primarily
intended for temporary location
and the construction and usage is
obviously portable.
LOCOMOTIVE
BOILER
is a boiler mounted on a self-propelled
track locomotive and used to furnish
motivating power travelling on rails. It
does not include locomotive cranes,
tractors, or other self-propelled
apparatus. Locomotive boilers however if
dismantled from locomotive and
reinstalled for stationary use are not
included in this definition.
MINIATURE BOILER
is any boiler which does not
exceed any of the following limits:
405 mm Inside diameter, 1,065 mm
overallth of outside to outside of
heads at center 1.85 mm of water
hosting surface, 7.03 kg/cm²
maximum allowable working
pressure.
LOW PRESSURE
HEATING BOILER
is a boiler operated at pressure
not exceeding 1.055 kg/cm² gage
steam, or water temperature n
exceeding 121°C.
HOT WATER SUPPLY
BOILER
is a boiler furmishing
hot water to be used
externally to itself.
UNFIRED
PRESSURE VESSEL
is a vessel in which pressure is
obtained from an external sources
or from an indirect application of
heat.
 REINSTALLED BOILER
is a boiler removed from its
original setting and re-
erected at the same location
or erected at location without
change of ownership.
SECOND HAND
BOILER
is a boiler of which both the
location and ownership
have been changed after
primary use.
 CONDEMED BOILER
is a boiler that has been
inspected and declared
unsafe to operate or
disqualified stamped and
marked indicating its
rejection by qualified
inspecting authority.
BOILERS AND
ACCESSORIES
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1.Air Preheater 01.

2. Baffles
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is a heat exchanger a device that direct the

which utilizes the heat flow of the hot Lorem
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02.
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effect efficientUt enim adheat
of the flue gases to
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transfer betweenex eathe hot
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preheat the air needed

gases and the heated
for combustion. water.
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03.
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3. Breeching 4. Blowdown Valve
is the duct that is a valve through
connects the boiler and which the impurities
chimney. that settle in the mud
drum are removed.
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5. Burner 01.
6. Draft Fans (Induced Draft &
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is the combustion are devices used to supply

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air needed for the
equipment for firing
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liquid and gaseous combustion and create the

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fuels. draft required for the flow

of gases in the boiler.
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03.
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7. Economizer 8. Feed water Heater
is a feed water is the preheating
preheating device device which utilizes
which utilizes the heat steam mixed and the
of the flue gases. feed water.
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9. Feed water Pump 01.

10. Furnace
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is a device used to a device that encloses

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deliver water into the the
02. combustion
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boiler.
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equipment so that the

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heat generated will be

utilized effectively.
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11. Fusible Plug 12. Gage Glass (Water
Column)
is a metal plug with a
a device that indicates
definite melting point
the water level existing
through which the
in the boiler.
steam is released in
case of excessive
temperature which is
usually caused by low
water level.
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13. Pressure Gage 01. Valve

14. Safety
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is a device that is a safety device which

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indicates the pressure
02.
automatically releases
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of the steam in the

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the steam in case of

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boiler. over-pressure.
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15. Soot Blower 16. Temperature Gage
is a device which uses
is a device that
steam or compressed
indicates the
air to remove the soot
temperature of the
that has accumulated
steam in the boiler
in the boiler tubes and
drums.
 17. Water Walls01.
are water tubes installed in the
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02.
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against high temperature and also

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serve as extension of heat transfer

area for the feed water.
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03.
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Heat Supplied by Fuel, Q: Boiler Heating Surface, HS

The heat supplied by fuel is the heat generated by The boiler heating surface is the total area in m^2
the fuel: through which the heated water and hot gases
exchange heat.
Rated Boiler Horsepower

The Rated Boiler Horsepower is

the Manufacturer's Rating
equivalent to the Heating Surface
in m^2 divided by 0.91 for water
tube and 1.1 for Fire Tube.
Developed Boiler Horsepower Percent Rating Percentage

The Developed Boiler Horsepower is the actual Rating is the ratio of the developed boiler
heat absorption divided by 35,322. horsepower to the rated boiler horsepower.
ASME Evaporation Units ASME Factor of Evaporation, FE

Evaporation Units is the heat The Factor of Evaporation is the

output of the boiler or the rate at actual heat absorption per kg of
which heat is transformed. steam generated divided by 2257
( hfg from and at 100C)
Equivalent Evaporation Actual Specific Evaporation or Boiler Economy

The Equivalent Evaporation is the product of The Actual Specific Evaporation or Boiler
the rate of evaporation of steam and factor of Economy is the ratio of the mass of steam to the
evaporation. mass of fuel.
 Boller Efficiency or Overall
Equivalent Specific Evaporation
Thermal Efficiency

The Equivalent Specific

Boiler Efficiency is the measure of
Evaporation or Boiler Economy is ability of a boiler or steam
the product of the Actual Specific generator to transfer the heat
Evaporation and the Factor of given it by the furnace to the
Evaporation. water and steam.
Net Boiler Efficiency Boiler and Furnace Efficiency

The Net Boiler Efficiency is the boiler efficiency

less the energy consumed by accessories.
Grate Efficiency
PROBLEM SOLVING
1. A steam boiler on a test generates 885,000 lb of
steam in a 4 hr period. The average steam pressure is
400 psia, the average steam temperature is
700^{\circ}F, and the average temperature of the
feed water supplied to the boiler is 280^{\circ}F. If the
boiler efficiency for the period is 82.5% and if the
coal has a heating values of 13,850 Btu/lb as fired,
find the average amount of coal burned in short tons
per hour
2. What is the heating surface area
of a water tube boiler if the
equivalent rated boiler horsepower
is 200?
3. The heating surface area of a fire tube boiler is
400m^2. What is the equivalent rated boiler
horsepower ?
4. What is the percent rating of a water tube boller if
the heating surface area is 400 m² and the
developed boiler horsepower is 750?
5. The equivalent evaporation of a boiler, from and at
100°C is 15 kg steam 5 per kg fuel and the calorific
value of the fuel burned is 41.9 MJ/kg. Find the
efficiency of the boiler.
6. Two boilers has capacities of 200 kg/hr and 250
kg/hr. If 150,000 kg of coal are supplied to two
boilers, how many days to consume the available fuel
?
7. One hundred thousand pounds of water per hour
at 750 psia and 250°F (he = 230.9 BTU/Ib) are
received by a steam generating unit. Steam leaves
the superheater at 650 psia and 600°F (hs = 1286.5
BTU/Ib). The fuel used is coal whose heating value is
12,500 BTU/Ib. Calculate the weight of fuel fired per
hour if economizer efficiency is 85%.
8. What is the total pressure loss in steam pipe 164 m
long if the equivalent pressure loss is 50 kPa per 30
meters ?
9. A 150 grams of water at 75°C is heated at
constant pressure. The water is completely
vaporized. Find the heat added.
10. The heating value of fuel supplied in a boiler is
40,000 kJ/kg. If the factor of evaporation is 1.10 and
the actual specific evaporation is 10, what is the
efficiency of the boiler?
 Presented by Sandra Haro

Thank
you very
much!
Project 2030