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11 views3 pages

Cascading

Uploaded by

vimal.foruppo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design langu

age intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.

CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can
control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between
paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images
or colors are used, layout designs,variations in display for different devices
and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects.

CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over
the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined
with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.

Advantages of CSS
 CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in
multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it
to as many Web pages as you want.

 Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag
attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the
occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.

 Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and
all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.

 Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than
HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to
HTML attributes.

 Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be optimized


for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different
versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and
cell phones or for printing.

 Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is
being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the
HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.
 Offline Browsing − CSS can store web applications locally with the help of an
offline catche.Using of this, we can view offline websites.The cache also ensures
faster loading and better overall performance of the website.

 Platform Independence − The Script offer consistent platform independence


and can support latest browsers as well.

Who Creates and Maintains CSS?


CSS was invited by Håkon Wium Lie on October 10, 1994 and maintained
through a group of people within the W3C called the CSS Working Group.
The CSS Working Group creates documents called specifications. When a
specification has been discussed and officially ratified by W3C members, it
becomes a recommendation.

These ratified specifications are called recommendations because the W3C


has no control over the actual implementation of the language. Independent
companies and organizations create that software.

NOTE − The World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C is a group that makes
recommendations about how the Internet works and how it should evolve.

CSS Versions
Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 (CSS1) was came out of W3C as a
recommendation in December 1996. This version describes the CSS
language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags.

CSS2 was became a W3C recommendation in May 1998 and builds on CSS1.
This version adds support for media-specific style sheets e.g. printers and
aural devices, downloadable fonts, element positioning and tables.

CSS3 was became a W3C recommendation in June 1999 and builds on older
versions CSS. it has divided into documentations is called as Modules and
here each module having new extension features defined in CSS2.

CSS3 Modules
CSS3 Modules are having old CSS specifications as well as extension
features.
 Selectors

 Box Model

 Backgrounds and Borders

 Image Values and Replaced Content

 Text Effects

 2D/3D Transformations

 Animations

 Multiple Column Layout

 User Interface

Types of css

1. Internal css
2. External css
3. Inline css

selector

.(dot) define in html class<div>

# define in html Id<div>

Non . non # Standard tag <header><aside><footer><span>Etc.

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