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Structure of Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells and some algae that facilitate photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose and producing oxygen. They have a double membrane structure, with an inner stroma containing enzymes and thylakoids where light-dependent reactions occur. Chlorophyll, located in the thylakoids, captures light energy, making plants appear green.

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7 views2 pages

Structure of Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells and some algae that facilitate photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose and producing oxygen. They have a double membrane structure, with an inner stroma containing enzymes and thylakoids where light-dependent reactions occur. Chlorophyll, located in the thylakoids, captures light energy, making plants appear green.

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retrogrhr
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are

responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into
chemical energy in the form of glucose. This is essential not only for the plant itself but for
most life on Earth, as plants are at the base of the food chain and produce oxygen as a
by-product of photosynthesis.

Structure of Chloroplasts:

1.​ Double Membrane:​

○​ Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane—an outer membrane


and an inner membrane. The outer membrane is semi-permeable, allowing
small molecules to pass through, while the inner membrane is more selective.​

2.​ Stroma:​

○​ Inside the inner membrane is a dense fluid called the stroma. The stroma
contains enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, and other molecules necessary for the
synthesis of glucose. This is where the Calvin cycle (the second stage of
photosynthesis) occurs.​

3.​ Thylakoids:​

○​ Within the stroma are stacks of thylakoids, which are flattened, disc-like
sacs. These are the sites where the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis occur. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigments
that capture light energy.​

4.​ Grana:​

○​ The thylakoids are often arranged in stacks called grana (singular: granum).
The stacking increases the surface area for the light-dependent reactions of
photosynthesis.​

5.​ Chlorophyll:​

○​ Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the thylakoids. It plays a critical role
in capturing light energy from the sun. Chlorophyll absorbs mostly blue and
red wavelengths of light and reflects green light, which is why plants appear
green.​

6.​ Intermembrane Space:​

○​ The space between the inner and outer membrane is called the
intermembrane space. While it has some functions related to the transport
of molecules, it's not as active as other parts of the chloroplast.
●​

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