Depth horizontal Stress point load = 88.

95 n=l/z m=b/z
0.1 0.07625902443096 2.540031 5.080062
0.2 0.30503609772382 1.270015 2.540031
0.3 0.6863312198786 0.846677 1.693354
0.6 2.74532487951439 0.423338 0.846677
0.9 6.17698097890737 0.282226 0.564451
1.2 10.9812995180575 0.211669 0.423338
1.5 10.3838893766027 0.169335 0.338671
1.8 8.31669179814878 0.141113 0.282226
2.1 6.68171746426516 0.120954 0.241908
2.4 5.42926325141641 0.105835 0.211669
2.7 4.47146841799617 0.094075 0.18815
3 3.7322888773838 0.084668 0.169335
3.3 3.1544435505994 0.076971 0.153941
z=nh b= 0.508006 m > 0.4
8.12809883768187 l= 0.254003 0.00496
4.06404941884093 h= 3.2 0.01984
2.70936627922729 0.044639
1.35468313961364 0.178556
0.903122093075763 0.401751
0.677341569806822 0.714224
0.541873255845458 m<=0.4 4.269294
0.451561046537881 3.419374
0.387052325603898 2.747161
0.338670784903411 2.232219
0.301040697691921 1.838426
0.270936627922729 1.534515
0.246306025384299 1.296937
Approximate Method for Vertical Stress Increase under a Rectangular Load (2:1 Method

Vertical Stress Increase (Δσ)qsBL/ (B+Z)(L+Z)

Surface Stress (qs) = 33.00 KPa
Breath of Load (B) = 1.00 m 0.00
0.00
Length of Load (L) = 1.00 m
4.00

Vertical Stress Reduction in 8.00

Depth (m)
Increase (KPa) Surface Stress (%)
12.00
0.0 33.00 0.00
1 8.25 75.00 16.00
2 3.67 88.89
20.00
3 2.06 93.75
4 1.32 96.00 24.00
5 0.92 97.22
28.00
6 0.67 97.96
7 0.52 98.44 32.00
8 0.41 98.77
9 0.33 99.00 36.00

Vertical Stress Incrase (KPa)

10 0.27 99.17 40.00
11 0.23 99.31
12 0.20 99.41 44.00
13 0.17 99.49 48.00
14 0.15 99.56
15 0.13 99.61 52.00
16 0.11 99.65 56.00
17 0.10 99.69
18 0.09 99.72 60.00
19 0.08 99.75
64.00
20 0.07 99.77
21 0.07 99.79 68.00
22 0.06 99.81
72.00
23 0.06 99.83
24 0.05 99.84 76.00
25 0.05 99.85
80.00
26 0.05 99.86
27 0.04 99.87 84.00
28 0.04 99.88
29 0.04 99.89 88.00
30 0.03 99.90 92.00
31 0.03 99.90
32 0.03 99.91 96.00
33 0.03 99.91 100.00
34 0.03 99.92
35 0.03 99.92
36 0.02 99.93
37 0.02 99.93
38 0.02 99.93
39 0.02 99.94
40 0.02 99.94
41 0.02 99.94
42 0.02 99.95
43 0.02 99.95
44 0.02 99.95
45 0.02 99.95
46 0.01 99.95
47 0.01 99.96
48 0.01 99.96
49 0.01 99.96
50 0.01 99.96
51 0.01 99.96
52 0.01 99.96
53 0.01 99.97
54 0.01 99.97
55 0.01 99.97
56 0.01 99.97
57 0.01 99.97
58 0.01 99.97
59 0.01 99.97
60 0.01 99.97
61 0.01 99.97
62 0.01 99.97
63 0.01 99.98
64 0.01 99.98
65 0.01 99.98
66 0.01 99.98
67 0.01 99.98
68 0.01 99.98
69 0.01 99.98
70 0.01 99.98
71 0.01 99.98
72 0.01 99.98
73 0.01 99.98
74 0.01 99.98
75 0.01 99.98
76 0.01 99.98
77 0.01 99.98
78 0.01 99.98
79 0.01 99.98
80 0.01 99.98
81 0.00 99.99
82 0.00 99.99
83 0.00 99.99
84 0.00 99.99
85 0.00 99.99
86 0.00 99.99
87 0.00 99.99
88 0.00 99.99
89 0.00 99.99
90 0.00 99.99
91 0.00 99.99
92 0.00 99.99
93 0.00 99.99
94 0.00 99.99
95 0.00 99.99
96 0.00 99.99
97 0.00 99.99
 98 0.00 99.99
99 0.00 99.99
100 0.00 99.99
r Load (2:1 Method)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

0.00

4.00

8.00

12.00

16.00

20.00

24.00

28.00

32.00

36.00
Vertical Stress Incrase (KPa)

40.00

44.00

48.00

52.00

56.00

60.00

64.00

68.00

72.00

76.00

80.00

84.00

88.00

92.00

96.00

100.00

Depth from Surface (m)

20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

(m)
Stresses in Soil for Surface Loads: Strip Loads

Strip load: A strip load is the load transmitted by a structure of finite width and infinite length on a

CASE 1 - Area transmitting uniform stress; strip load that imposes a uniform stress on the soil, e.g
CASE 2 - Area transmitting triangular stress; a strip load with a trinagular stress distribution, e.g. th

CASE 1

Vertical Stress Increase (Δσz) = qs/π[α+sinαcos(α+2β)]

Surface Stress (qs) = 33

Width of strip load (B) = 0.6
Distance from opposite edge of strip load to PoI (x) = 0.3
π= 22/7

Depth (m) x-B (m) α β cos(α+2β)

1 -0.3 16.70 0.00 -0.55

2 -0.3 8.53 0.00 -0.63
3 -0.3 5.71 0.00 0.84
4 -0.3 4.29 0.00 -0.41
5 -0.3 3.43 0.00 -0.96
6 -0.3 2.86 0.00 -0.96
7 -0.3 2.45 0.00 -0.77
8 -0.3 2.15 0.00 -0.55
9 -0.3 1.91 0.00 -0.33
10 -0.3 1.72 0.00 -0.15
11 -0.3 1.56 0.00 0.01
12 -0.3 1.43 0.00 0.14
13 -0.3 1.32 0.00 0.25
14 -0.3 1.23 0.00 0.34
15 -0.3 1.15 0.00 0.41
16 -0.3 1.07 0.00 0.48
17 -0.3 1.01 0.00 0.53
18 -0.3 0.95 0.00 0.58
19 -0.3 0.90 0.00 0.62
20 -0.3 0.86 0.00 0.65
21 -0.3 0.82 0.00 0.68
22 -0.3 0.78 0.00 0.71
23 -0.3 0.75 0.00 0.73
24 -0.3 0.72 0.00 0.75
25 -0.3 0.69 0.00 0.77
26 -0.3 0.66 0.00 0.79
27 -0.3 0.64 0.00 0.80
28 -0.3 0.61 0.00 0.82
29 -0.3 0.59 0.00 0.83
30 -0.3 0.57 0.00 0.84
31 -0.3 0.55 0.00 0.85
32 -0.3 0.54 0.00 0.86
33 -0.3 0.52 0.00 0.87
34 -0.3 0.51 0.00 0.87
35 -0.3 0.49 0.00 0.88
36 -0.3 0.48 0.00 0.89
37 -0.3 0.46 0.00 0.89
38 -0.3 0.45 0.00 0.90
39 -0.3 0.44 0.00 0.90
40 -0.3 0.43 0.00 0.91
41 -0.3 0.42 0.00 0.91
42 -0.3 0.41 0.00 0.92
43 -0.3 0.40 0.00 0.92
44 -0.3 0.39 0.00 0.92
45 -0.3 0.38 0.00 0.93
46 -0.3 0.37 0.00 0.93
47 -0.3 0.37 0.00 0.93
48 -0.3 0.36 0.00 0.94
49 -0.3 0.35 0.00 0.94
50 -0.3 0.34 0.00 0.94
width and infinite length on a soil surface. Two types of strip loads are common in Geotechnical Engineering.

uniform stress on the soil, e.g. the middle section of a long embankment
ular stress distribution, e.g. the stress under the side a long embankment

Vertical Stre
10
KPa
m
m

Vertical Stress Increase (KPa)

Reduction in
sin α Δσz (KPa) Surface
Stress (%)
-0.84 3.68 88.86
0.78 1.72 94.78
-0.54 1.13 96.59
-0.91 1.00 96.97
-0.29 0.79 97.59
0.28 0.56 98.31
0.63 0.42 98.72
0.84 0.36 98.90
0.94 0.34 98.96
0
0.99 0.34 98.98 0 10 20
1.00 0.34 98.98
0.99 0.34 98.98
0.97 0.33 98.99
0.94 0.33 99.00
0.91 0.33 99.01
0.88 0.32 99.03
0.85 0.31 99.05
0.82 0.31 99.07
0.79 0.30 99.10
0.76 0.29 99.12
0.73 0.28 99.14
0.70 0.27 99.17
0.68 0.27 99.19
0.66 0.26 99.21
0.63 0.25 99.24
0.61 0.25 99.26
0.59 0.24 99.28
0.58 0.23 99.30
0.56 0.23 99.31
0.54 0.22 99.33
0.53 0.21 99.35
0.51 0.21 99.37
0.50 0.20 99.38
0.48 0.20 99.40
0.47 0.19 99.41
0.46 0.19 99.42
0.45 0.19 99.44
0.44 0.18 99.45
0.43 0.18 99.46
0.42 0.17 99.48
0.41 0.17 99.49
0.40 0.17 99.50
0.39 0.16 99.51
0.38 0.16 99.52
0.37 0.16 99.53
0.37 0.15 99.54
0.36 0.15 99.55
0.35 0.15 99.55
0.34 0.14 99.56
0.34 0.14 99.57
echnical Engineering.

Vertical Stress Increase vs. Depth

10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth from Surface (m)

Vertical Stress Increase Due to Point Load

Vertical Stress Increase (Δσ) = Q/z2*I

I= 3/2π*1/[1+r/z)2]5/2
Point Load = 151.2 KN
Radial Distance ® = 1.2 m

Reduction
Depth Radial
I Δσ in Surface
(m) Distance (m)
Stress (%) Vertical S
0.50 1.2 0.004 2.43 98.39
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
1.00 1.2 0.0513 7.76 94.87
0
1.50 1.2 0.1386 9.31 93.84
2.00 1.2 0.2213 8.36 94.47 1

2.50 1.2 0.2842 6.88 95.45 2

3.00 1.2 0.3293 5.53 96.34
3
3.50 1.2 0.3615 4.46 97.05
4.00 1.2 0.3848 3.64 97.60 4
4.50 1.2 0.402 3.00 98.02 5
5.00 1.2 0.4149 2.51 98.34
6
5.50 1.2 0.4249 2.12 98.60
6.00 1.2 0.4327 1.82 98.80 7
6.50 1.2 0.4389 1.57 98.96

Depth (m)
8
7.00 1.2 0.4439 1.37 99.09
9
7.50 1.2 0.448 1.20 99.20
8.00 1.2 0.4514 1.07 99.29 10
8.50 1.2 0.4543 0.95 99.37
11
9.00 1.2 0.4567 0.85 99.44
9.50 1.2 0.4588 0.77 99.49 12

10.00 1.2 0.4605 0.70 99.54 13

10.50 1.2 0.462 0.63 99.58
11.00 1.2 0.4634 0.58 99.62
11.50 1.2 0.4645 0.53 99.65
12.00 1.2 0.4655 0.49 99.68
 Vertical Stress Increase vs. Depth
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

Vertical Stress Increase (KPa)