Scribd
Upload
6 views5 pages

Law of Parallogram

The document outlines an experiment to verify the Parallelogram Law of Forces using various apparatus including a mass hanger, pulleys, and a board. It explains the theory behind forces as vector quantities and details the procedure for setting up the experiment, measuring forces, and determining the resultant force. The experiment aims to demonstrate that the resultant force can be geometrically represented, confirming the principles of vector addition.

Uploaded by

MuhammadAboubakarFarooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views5 pages

Law of Parallogram

The document outlines an experiment to verify the Parallelogram Law of Forces using various apparatus including a mass hanger, pulleys, and a board. It explains the theory behind forces as vector quantities and details the procedure for setting up the experiment, measuring forces, and determining the resultant force. The experiment aims to demonstrate that the resultant force can be geometrically represented, confirming the principles of vector addition.

Uploaded by

MuhammadAboubakarFarooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Experiment No.

04:

To study the Parallelogram Law of Forces.

Objective:
To verify Parallelogram law of forces

Apparatus/Equipment

 Experimental board
 Mass Hanger
 Masses
 Pulley
 String
 Paper Sheet
 Sticky Tape

Related Theory:
Force:
The concept of force is used to describe an influence that causes a free body to undergo acceleration.
Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or pull that can cause an object
with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to
accelerate, or which can cause a flexible object to deform. An applied force has both magnitude and
direction, making it a vector quantity.

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Parallelogram law of force- When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer
parallelogrammatic, but the same principles apply. Forces, being vectors are observed to obey the
laws of vector addition and so the overall (resultant) force due to the application of a number of
forces can be found geometrically by drawing vector arrows for each force. This construction has
the same result as moving F2 so its tail coincides with the head of F1, and taking the net force as
the vector joining the tail of F1 to the head of F2. This procedure can be repeated to add F3 to the
resultant F1 + F2, and so forth.
Adding Forces:

There are two forces (F1 and F2) acting on an object. The same effect could be achieved with only
one force which is the sum of F1 and F2. This sum is called the Resultant Force.

This is actually just vector addition. Forces can be treated as lines, and just like drawing a poly line
in CAD, you must enter the length (representing Newton‟s) and the angle (degrees).

Procedure:
Arrangement
1. Arrange the setup as shown in the figure below.
2. Fix the paper sheet on the board set in a center of vertical plane.

3. Pass one thread over the both pulleys carrying a mass hanger at its each end (For adding weight
during the experiment).
4. Take a second thread and tie its one end at the middle of the first thread and tie a mass hanger
at its other end.
Note: Make sure that knot of the second thread should be in center on the first thread after hanging
the masses on the mass hanger.
5. Displace slightly the mass hanger from their equilibrium position and note if they come to their
original position of rest. This will ensure free movement of pulley.
6. Hang the masses on each mass hanger in proper proportion, so that the knot comes
approximately in the center of sheet.
7. Now first of all mark the center point of three threads on the paper sheet (on knot).
8. Mark the two points on paper sheet according to each thread (diagonally) as shown in figure
below.
9. Remove the paper from the board and draw the line of forces meet at “O” as shown in figure
below.
10. Name the forces P, Q, R, as OA, OB & OC respectively on the branch.
11. Assume a suitable scale (for e.g. 10g = 1 cm or 20g = 1 cm).

Parallelogram Law of Forces:


12. Cut OA = magnitude of force P & hence produce point „S‟ as per your assumed scale.
13. Similarly cut OB = magnitude of force Q & hence produce point „T‟.
14. From point „S‟ draw a line SW parallel to OB and draw a line TW parallel to OA.
15. The resultant of forces P & Q will be shown by R1 which will be equal to R. which will prove
the triangle law of forces.
16. If R1 is different from original magnitude of R then percentage error is found as follows:
Observations Table:

Results and Conclusions:

You might also like