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Vernier Calliper

The document outlines an experiment using Vernier calipers to measure the dimensions of cylindrical and circular bodies. It includes objectives, equipment, theory on Vernier calipers, and a detailed procedure for measuring diameters and calculating volumes and areas. Observations and calculations are to be recorded to determine the mean values and final results.

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MuhammadAboubakarFarooq
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34 views5 pages

Vernier Calliper

The document outlines an experiment using Vernier calipers to measure the dimensions of cylindrical and circular bodies. It includes objectives, equipment, theory on Vernier calipers, and a detailed procedure for measuring diameters and calculating volumes and areas. Observations and calculations are to be recorded to determine the mean values and final results.

Uploaded by

MuhammadAboubakarFarooq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment # 02:

To find out the dimensions of different cylindrical and circular bodies using
Vernier calipers.

Objective

 To know the use of the Vernier Calipers.


 To measure the diameter of a small spherical / cylindrical body.
 To measure the length, width and height of the given rectangular block.
 To measure the diameter of circular shape and find its area.

Equipment:

 Vernier callipers.
 A cylinder.
 A small rectangular metallic block of known mass
 A Circular shape material

Related Theory:

i. Vernier Caliper

A caliper is a device used to measure the distance between two opposing sides of an object. It can
be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points. The modern Vernier caliper was
invented by Joseph R. Brown in 1851. The Vernier Caliper consists of a main scale fitted with a
jaw at one end. Another jaw, containing the vernier scale, moves over the main scale.

ii. Parts of a Vernier Caliper


Main Scale

The main scale consists of a steel metallic strip graduated in centimeters at one edge and in inches
at the other edge. It carries the inner and outer measuring jaws. When the two jaws are in contact,
the zero of the main scale and the zero of the Vernier scale should coincide. If both the zeros do
not coincide, there will be a positive or negative zero error.

Vernier Scale

A vernier scale slides on the strip. It can be fixed in any position by the retainer. On the Vernier
scale, 0.9 cm is divided into ten equal parts.

Outer Measuring Jaws

The outer measuring jaws helps to take the outer dimension of an object

Inner Measuring Jaws

The inner measuring jaws helps to take the inner dimension of an object.

Retainer

The retainer helps to retain the object within the jaws of the Vernier calipers.

Depth Measuring Prong

The depth measuring prong helps to measure the depth of an object.

iii. Least Count

The least count or the smallest reading which you can get with the instrument can be calculated
as;

or
Procedure:

1. We'll first determine the vernier constant (VC), which is the least count (L.C) of the vernier
calliper and record it stepwise
2. Now, bring the movable jaw in close contact with the fixed jaw and find the zero error. Do
this three times and record the values. If there is no zero error, then record 'zero error nil'.
3. Open the jaws of the Vernier Calliper and place the sphere or cylinder between the two
jaws and adjust the movable jaw, such that it gently grips the body without any undue
pressure on it. That done, tighten the screw attached to the Vernier scale.
4. Note the position of the zero mark of the Vernier scale on the main scale. Record the main
scale reading just before the zero mark of the vernier scale. This reading (N) is called main
scale reading (MSR).
5. Note the number (n) of the Vernier scale division which coincides with the division of the
main scale.
6. You'll have to repeat steps 5 and 6 after rotating the body by 90o for measuring the diameter
in a perpendicular direction.
7. Repeat steps 4 to 7 for three different positions and record the observations.
8. Now find total reading using the equation, TR = MSR+VSR = N+(n x L.C) and apply the
zero correction.
9. Take the mean of the different values of the diameter and show that in the result with the
proper unit.

Calculating the Reading

When a body is between the jaws of the Vernier Caliper;

If the zero of the vernier scale lies ahead of the Nth division of the main scale, then the main scale
reading (MSR) is;

If nth division of Vernier scale coincides with any division of the main scale, then the Vernier
scale reading (VSR) is;
Total reading,

Observations and Calcuations

1. Determination of Vernier constant (Least Count ) of the vernier callipers:

2. Zero error

When the two jaws are in contact, the zero of the main scale and the zero of the Vernier scale
should coincide. If both the zeros do not coincide, there will be a positive or negative zero
error.

zero error (e)=..........cm.

3. Tabular Calculations:

Toatl Reading
Mean
Main Scale Vernier Scale VSR x
Dimension to be Sr Reading Reading L.C MSR + (V S R
cm
measured No x L.C)
MSR cm VSR cm cm
cm

Diameter of the
cylinder

Length of the cylinder

Length of the block

Breadth of the block


Thickness of the block

Diameter of the
circular shape

Calculations

Mean corrected diameter------------cm

Volume of sphere, =---------cm3= ------m3.

Mean corrected length of the block, l=............cm

Mean corrected breadth of the block, b= .......cm

Mean corrected thickness of the block, h= .........cm

Volume of block , =........................cm3 =..........m3

Mean corrected diameter of circular shape,D=................cm

Area of circular shape=……………….. cm2

Results and Conclusions

Volume of Sphere=.......................... m3

Volume of block is ................................m3

The Area of the circular shape is ...........cm2.

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