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Java_Exam_Preparation_Notes_Part1

The document provides comprehensive Java exam preparation notes covering key concepts such as object-oriented programming features, access specifiers, the main method declaration, the final keyword, garbage collection, and the differences between abstract classes and interfaces. It also explains the roles of JVM, JRE, and JDK, along with exception handling and the functionality of arrays in Java. Each topic is detailed with definitions, examples, and explanations to aid in understanding Java programming.

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nancyokay001
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2 views

Java_Exam_Preparation_Notes_Part1

The document provides comprehensive Java exam preparation notes covering key concepts such as object-oriented programming features, access specifiers, the main method declaration, the final keyword, garbage collection, and the differences between abstract classes and interfaces. It also explains the roles of JVM, JRE, and JDK, along with exception handling and the functionality of arrays in Java. Each topic is detailed with definitions, examples, and explanations to aid in understanding Java programming.

Uploaded by

nancyokay001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Exam Preparation Notes

1. Describe Java as an Object-Oriented Programming Language. What are the


key features of Java?
Java is an object-oriented language, meaning it organizes code around objects and classes.
It follows OOP concepts like:
- Encapsulation: Data hiding using classes
- Inheritance: One class inherits properties of another
- Polymorphism: One interface, many implementations
- Abstraction: Hiding implementation details

Key Features of Java:


- Simple
- Object-Oriented
- Platform Independent
- Secure
- Robust
- Multithreaded
- Portable
- High Performance
- Distributed
- Dynamic

2. Explain in detail the features of Java


- Simple: Easy syntax, no pointers.
- Object-Oriented: Code based on objects and classes.
- Platform Independent: Write once, run anywhere using JVM.
- Secure: No direct memory access.
- Robust: Strong memory management and exception handling.
- Multithreaded: Supports multitasking.
- Portable: Code runs on different machines.
- High Performance: Uses JIT compiler.
- Distributed: Networked applications supported.
- Dynamic: Loads classes at runtime.

3. Explain Different Access Specifiers in Java


- public: Accessible everywhere.
- private: Accessible only within the class.
- protected: Accessible in same package or subclasses.
- default: Accessible only within the same package (no modifier).
4. Why is main() declared as “public static void main(String[] args)”?
- public: JVM can access it from anywhere.
- static: Can run without creating object.
- void: No return value.
- main: Entry point of the program.
- String[] args: Accepts command-line arguments.

5. Explain all 3 usages of final. What is the use of this and super keyword?
final:
- final variable: Value can’t change.
- final method: Cannot be overridden.
- final class: Cannot be inherited.

this keyword:
- Refers to current object.
- Used to resolve variable name conflicts.
- Can call another constructor.

super keyword:
- Refers to parent class.
- Used to call parent constructor or method.

6. What is the difference between int and Integer?


int: Primitive type, faster, can't be null.
Integer: Wrapper class, can be used with collections, supports null.

7. Describe garbage collection in Java. How does it work?


- Java removes unused objects from memory automatically.
- JVM decides when to run GC.
- Can request GC using System.gc(), but JVM controls timing.

8. How can a derived class constructor pass argument to base class constructor?
Using super():
Example:
class Child extends Parent {
Child() {
super("value"); // passes to Parent constructor
}
}
9. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in Java?
Abstract Class:
- Can have abstract and concrete methods.
- Can have constructors.
- Single inheritance.

Interface:
- Only abstract methods (Java 7) or default/static (Java 8+).
- No constructors.
- Multiple inheritance supported.

10. Why we need both run and start method in multithreading


- run(): Contains code to be executed by thread.
- start(): Creates a new thread and calls run().
Calling run() directly won't start a new thread.

11. What are the uses of “super” and “this” keyword? Explain
this:
- Refers to current object.
- Calls other constructors.

super:
- Refers to parent class.
- Calls parent class constructor/methods.

12. Explain JVM, JRE and JDK with suitable diagrams and explain all
functionalities.
- JVM: Runs bytecode.
- JRE: JVM + libraries.
- JDK: JRE + development tools like compiler.

Diagram:
JDK
├── JRE
│ ├── JVM
│ └── Libraries
├── Compiler
├── Debugger
13. Explain Exception Handling with an example program. Discuss throw and
throws keywords.
try {
int a = 10/0;
} catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error");
}

throw: Used to manually throw an exception.


throws: Declares exception in method signature.

14. What is the role of stack in exception handling?


- Stack keeps method call order.
- If exception occurs, JVM looks through stack for catch block.
- Helps in tracking method execution and handling errors.

15. Array in Java along with its working


Array is a group of same-type elements.
Example:
int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[0] = 10;

- Fixed size, indexed from 0.


- Stored in continuous memory.
- Fast access.

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