(PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)

DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENTNUMBER 9

EXPERIMENTNAME PythonTkinterprogramto:
DisplayFramesinPythonusingTkinter.
DisplayMessageboxandbuttoninPython usingTkinter.
Createsimplecalculatorwhichperformsaddition.
DisplayListboxinPython usingTkinter.

DATE OF
PERFORMANCE

DATEOFCORRECTION

SIGN&DATE

GRADE

TIMELY LAB
ATTENDANCE CORRECTION PERFORMANCE ORAL TOTAL

ALLOTTED 2 2 3 3 10

OBTAINED

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 63
 (PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)
DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENT09

AIMOFEXPERIMENT:PythonTkinterprogram to:
DisplayFramesinPythonusing Tkinter.
DisplayMessageboxandbuttonin Python usingTkinter.
Createsimplecalculatorwhich performs addition.
Display Listbox in Python using Tkinter.

SOFTWARE/EQUIPMENT:PC,PythonIDLE.

THEORY:-

❖ GRAPHICALUSERINTERFACE(GUI):

PythonoffersmultipleoptionsfordevelopingGUI(GraphicalUserInterface).OutofalltheGUImeth- ods,
tkinter is the most commonly used method. It is a standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit
shipped with Python. Python with tkinter is the fastest and easiest way to create the GUI applications.
Creating a GUI using tkinter is an easy task. To create a tkinter app:
1. Importingthemodule–tkinter
2. Createthemainwindow(container)
3. Addanynumberofwidgets tothe main window
4. Applytheevent Triggeron the widgets.

Importingtkinterissame asimportinganyothermoduleinthePythoncode.Notethatthenameofthe module in

Python 2.x is ‘Tkinter’ and in Python 3.x it is ‘tkinter’.

Importtkinter

TherearetwomainmethodsusedwhichtheuserneedstorememberwhilecreatingthePythonapplica- tion with

GUI.
5. Tk(screenName=None,baseName=None,className=’Tk’,useTk=1):Tocreateamainwindow,
tkinter offers a method ‘Tk(screenName=None, baseName=None, className=’Tk’, useTk=1)’. To
changethenameofthewindow,youcanchangetheclassNametothedesiredone.Thebasiccodeused to create
the main window of the application is:m=tkinter.Tk() where m is the name of the main win- dow
object
6. mainloop(): There is a method known by the name mainloop() is used when your application is
readytorun.mainloop() isaninfiniteloopusedtoruntheapplication,waitforaneventtooccurand process
the event as long as the window is not closed.m.mainloop()

import tkinter
m=tkinter.Tk()
'''
widgetsareadded
here
'''
m.mainloop()
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tkinteralsooffersaccesstothegeometricconfigurationofthewidgetswhichcanorganizethewidgets in the
parent windows. There are mainly three geometry manager classes class.
• •pack()method:Itorganizesthewidgetsinblocksbeforeplacingintheparentwidget.
• •grid()method:Itorganizesthewidgetsingrid(table-likestructure)beforeplacinginthepar- ent
widget.
• •place()method:Itorganizesthewidgetsbyplacingthemonspecificpositionsdirectedbythe
programmer.

Thereareanumberofwidgetswhichyoucanputinyourtkinterapplication.Someofthemajorwidg- ets are

explained below:

▪ Button:Toaddabuttoninyourapplication,thiswidgetisused.Thegeneralsyntaxis:w=Button(mas- ter,
option=value)

master is the parameter used to represent the parent window. There are number of options which are
usedtochangetheformatoftheButtons.Numberofoptionscanbepassed asparametersseparatedby commas.
Some of them are listed below.
➢ activebackground:tosetthebackgroundcolorwhenbuttonisunderthecursor.
➢ activeforeground:tosettheforegroundcolorwhenbuttonisunderthecursor.
➢ bg:tosetthenormalbackgroundcolor.
➢ command:tocalla function.
➢ font:to setthefont onthebuttonlabel.
➢ image:toset theimageonthebutton.
➢ width: to set thewidthof thebutton.
➢ height:to set theheight of thebutton.

▪ Canvas:Itisusedtodrawpicturesandothercomplexlayoutlikegraphics,textandwidgets.Thegen- eral
syntax is:w = Canvas(master, option=value) master is the parameter used to represent the parent
window.
Therearenumberofoptionswhichareusedtochangetheformatofthewidget.Numberofoptionscan be passed
as parameters separated by commas. Some of them are listed below.
➢ bd:toset theborderwidthin pixels.
➢ bg:tosetthenormalbackgroundcolor.
➢ cursor:tosetthecursorusedinthecanvas.
➢ highlightcolor:toset thecolor shownin thefocus highlight.
➢ width: to set thewidthofthewidget.
➢ height:to set theheight of thewidget.

▪ CheckButton:Toselectanynumberofoptionsbydisplayinganumberofoptionstoauserastoggle buttons.
The general syntax is:w = CheckButton(master, option=value)

Therearenumberofoptionswhichareusedtochangetheformatofthiswidget.Numberofoptionscan be passed
as parameters separated by commas. Some of them are listed below.

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 Title:Toset thetitleofthewidget.
 activebackground:tosetthebackgroundcolorwhenwidgetisunderthe cursor.
 activeforeground:tosettheforegroundcolorwhenwidget isunderthecursor.
 Break
 SecretCode:
 AttachaFile:nd color.
 command:to call afunction.
 font:to setthefont onthebutton label.
 image:toset theimageonthewidget.

▪ Entry: Itisusedtoinputthesinglelinetextentryfromtheuser..Formulti-linetextinput,Text widget is

used. The general syntax is:
w=Entry(master,option=value)
master is the parameter used to represent the parent window. There are number of options which are
usedtochangetheformatofthewidget.Numberofoptionscanbepassed asparametersseparatedby commas.
Some of them are listed below.

 bg:tosetthenormal background color.

 bd:toset theborder widthinpixels.
 cursor:tosetthecursor used.
 command:to call afunction.
 highlightcolor: tosetthecolorshowninthefocus highlight.
 width:to setthe widthof thebutton.
 height:tosetthe heightofthebutton.

▪ RadioButton:Itisusedtooffermulti-choiceoptiontotheuser.Itoffersseveraloptionstotheuserand the user

has to choose one option. The general syntax is: w = Radio Button(master,
option=value)Therearenumberofoptionswhichareusedtochangetheformatofthiswidget.Numberofoptions
can be passed as parameters separated by commas. Some of them are listed below.

 Activebackground:tosetthebackgroundcolorwhenwidgetisunderthe cursor.
 Activeforeground:tosettheforegroundcolorwhenwidgetisunderthe cursor.
 bg:tosetthenormal backgroundcolor.
 command:to call afunction.
 font:to setthefont onthebutton label.
 image:toset theimageonthewidget.
 width:to set thewidthofthelabel in characters.
 height:toset theheightofthelabelin characters.

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#WAPtodisplayFramesinPythonusingTkinter.
from tkinter import*
top.geometry("300x200")
tframe=Frame(top,width="100",height="100",bg="yellow")
tframe.pack()
lframe=Frame(top,width="100",height="100",bg="red")
lframe.pack(side=LEFT)
rframe=Frame(top,width="100",height="100",bg="green")
rframe.pack(side=RIGHT)
btn1=Button(tframe,text="SUBMIT",fg="red")
btn1.place(x=10,y=10)
top.mainloop()

OUTPUT:-

#WAPtodisplayMessagebox&buttoninPythonusingTkinter

fromtkinterimport*
fromtkinterimportmessagebox
top=Tk()
top.title("Freakin Hell")
top.geometry("300x200")
def nun():
messagebox.showinfo("Hey man!","You are getting smart enough !")
b1=Button(top,text="Green",bg="green",fg="white",width=10,height=5,activebackground="yellow")
b1.pack(side=LEFT)
b2=Button(top,text="Red",bg="yellow",fg="pink",width=10,height=5,activebackground="yellow")
b2.pack(side=TOP)
b3=Buton(top,text="Blue",bg="blue",fg="white",width=10,height=5,padx=10,pady=5,command=nun)

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b3.pack(side=BOTTOM)
top.mainloop()

OUTPUT:

#WAPtodisplayListboxinPythonusingTkinter.

fromtkinterimport*
top = Tk()
top.title("Fedupofthis!")
top.geometry("300x200")
lbl1=Label(top,text="LISTOFCOLOURS",fg="red",bg="yellow")
lbl1.place(x=10, y=10)
lb=Listbox(top,height=5)
lb.insert(1, "red")
lb.insert(2,"yellow")
lb.insert(3, "green")
lb.insert(4, "blue")
lb.insert(5, "brown")
lb.place(x=10, y=30)
lbl2=Label(top,text="LISTOFFRUITS",fg="blue",bg="green")
lbl2.place(x=160, y=10)
lb1 = Listbox(top, height=5)
lb1.insert(1, "MANGO")
lb1.insert(2, "APPLE")
lb1.insert(3, "BANANA")
lb1.insert(4, "GRAPE")
lb1.insert(5,"STRAWBERRY")
lb1.place(x=160, y=30)
top.mainloop()
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OUTPUT:-

Conculsion:-StudieddifferenttypesofprogrambasedonTkinter.

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 69
 (PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)
DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENTNUMBER 10

ImplementtheconceptofDataBasein PythonusingSQLite
EXPERIMENTNAME
 WAPtocreateand insertdatainformoftablein aDatabase .

DATE OF
PERFORMANCE

DATEOFCORRECTION

SIGN&DATE

GRADE

TIMELY LAB
ATTENDANCE CORRECTION PERFORMANCE ORAL TOTA
L

ALLOTTED 2 2 3 3 10

OBTAINED

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 70
 (PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)
DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENT10

AIMOFEXPERIMENT: Implementtheconcept DataBaseinPython usingSQLite

 WAPtocreateandinsert datainformoftablein aDatabase .

SOFTWARE/EQUIPMENT:PC,PythonIDLE.

THEORY:

 PythonSQLite3:
PythonSQLite3moduleisusedtointegratetheSQLitedatabasewithPython.ItisastandardizedPython DBI
API 2.0 and provides a straightforward and simple-to-use interface for interacting with SQLite
databases.ThereisnoneedtoinstallthismoduleseparatelyasitcomesalongwithPythonafterthe 2.5x version.
This Python SQLite tutorial will help to learn how to use SQLite3 with Python from basics to advance
with the help of good and well-explained examples and also contains Exercises for honing your skills.
 ConnectingtotheDatabase:

ConnectingtotheSQLiteDatabasecanbeestablishedusingtheconnect() method,passingthenameof the

database to be accessed as a parameter. If that database does not exist, then it’ll be created.
Syntax:
sqliteConnection=sqlite3.connect('sql.db')
Butwhatifyouwanttoexecutesomequeriesaftertheconnectionisbeingmade.Forthat,acursorhas to be
created using the cursor() method on the connection instance, which will execute our SQL queries.
Syntax:
cursor=sqliteConnection.cursor()
print('DB Init')

 CreateaTable
FollowingPythonprogramwillbeusedtocreateatableinthepreviouslycreateddatabase. #!/usr/bin/python
import sqlite3

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conn=sqlite3.connect(‘test.db’)
print"Databaseopenedsuccessfully!”
imconn.execute('''CREATETABLECOMPANY
(ID INT PRIMARY KEYNOT NULL,
NAME TEXTNOT NULL,
AGE INT NOTNULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);''')
print"Tablecreated successfully";

conn.close()
Whentheaboveprogramisexecuted,itwillcreatetheCOMPANYtableinyourtest.dbanditwill display the
following messages −
Openeddatabasesuccessfully
Table created successfully

 INSERTOperation
FollowingPythonprogramshowshowtocreaterecordsintheCOMPANYtablecreatedintheabove example.
#!/usr/bin/python

import sqlite3

conn=sqlite3.connect('test.db')
print"Openeddatabasesuccessfully";

conn.execute("INSERTINTOCOMPANY(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\ VALUES
(1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )");

conn.execute("INSERTINTOCOMPANY(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\ VALUES
(2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )");

conn.execute("INSERTINTOCOMPANY(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\ VALUES
(3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )");

conn.execute("INSERTINTOCOMPANY(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\ VALUES
(4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )");

conn.commit()

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print"Recordscreatedsuccessfully";
conn.close()
Whentheaboveprogram is executed,itwillcreatethegivenrecordsintheCOMPANYtableandit
willdisplay thefollowing twolines−
Openeddatabasesuccessfully
Recordscreated successfully

#WAPtocreateandinsertdataintableby
usingsqlite.

importsqlite3
conn=sqlite3.connect("test.db")
conn.execute('''CREATETABLESTUDENTINFO
(IDINTPRIMARYKEY NOTNULL,
NAMETEXT NOTNULL,
AGEINT NOTNULL,
BRANCHTEXT NOTNULL,
DIVTEXT);''')
conn.execute("INSERTINTOSTUDENTINFO
ID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIV)”
“VALUES(401,'ROBERT
BARATHEON',45,'EXTC','A')";
conn.execute("INSERTINTOSTUDENTINFO(ID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIV)"
"VALUES(402,'TRYIONLANNISTER',40,'EXTC','A')");
conn.execute("INSERTINTOSTUDENTINFO(ID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIV)"
"VALUES(403,'JONSNOW',30,'EXTC','A')");
conn.execute("INSERTINTOSTUDENTINFO(ID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIV)"
"VALUES(404,'BRANKSTARK',19,'EXTC','A')");
conn.execute("INSERT INTOSTUDENTINFO (ID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIV)"
"VALUES(405,'ROBBSTARK',25,'EXTC','A')");
cursor=conn.execute("SELECTID,NAME,AGE,BRANCH,DIVFROMSTUDENTINFO")
forrowincursor:
print("ID:",row[0])
print("NAME:",row[1])
print("AGE:",row[2])
print("BRANCH:",row[3])
print("DIV:",row[4],"\n")
conn.commit()
print("Recordscreatedsuccessfully");
LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 73
conn.close()
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OUTPUT:-

Conculsion:-StudiedDatabaseinPython.

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EXPERIMENTNUMBER 11

WriteaPythonprogramtounderstandandimplementArraysinPython using
EXPERIMENTNAME Numpy (Numerical Python).

DATE OF
PERFORMANCE

DATEOFCORRECTION

SIGN&DATE

GRADE

TIMELY LAB
ATTENDANCE CORRECTION PERFORMANCE ORAL TOTAL

ALLOTTED 2 2 3 3 10

OBTAINED

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 75
 (PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)
DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENT11

AIMOFEXPERIMENT:WriteaPythonprogramtounderstandandimplementArraysinPython using
Numpy (Numerical Python)

SOFTWARE/EQUIPMENT:PC,PythonIDLE.

THEORY:

 NumPyarray inPython:
Pythonlistsareasubstituteforarrays,buttheyfailtodelivertheperformancerequiredwhilecomputing large
sets of numerical data. To address this issue we use a python library called NumPy. The word NumPy
stands for Numerical Python.

 Unlikelists,NumPyarraysareoffixedsize,andchangingthesizeofanarraywillleadtothe creation
of a new array while the original array will be deleted.
 Alltheelements inan arrayareof thesametype.
 Numpyarraysarefaster,moreefficient,andrequireless syntaxthanstandardpython sequences.
 Numpyarrayfroma list
Youcanusethenpaliastocreatendarrayofalistusingthearray() method.
li =[1,2,3,4]
numpyArr=np.array(li)

or
numpyArr=np.array([1,2,3,4])

Thelistispassed tothearray() methodwhichthenreturns aNumPyarray withthesameelements.

 CreationofarraysusingNumpy:
Creationof1-Darray:
import numpy as np

arr=np.array([1,2,3,4,5])

print(arr)

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Creationof2-D array:
importnumpyas np

arr=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])

print(arr)
Creationof3-D array:
importnumpyas np

arr=np.array([[[1,2,3],[4, 5,6]],[[1,2, 3],[4, 5,6]]])

print(arr)
 ArrayIndexing:Knowingthebasicsofarrayindexingisimportantforanalysingandmanipu- lating
the array object. NumPy offers many ways to do array indexing.

 Slicing:Justlikelistsinpython,NumPyarrayscanbesliced.Asarrayscan bemultidimen- sional,

you need to specify a slice for each dimension of the array.
#WAPtoperformmathematicaloperationson1-D,2-d&3-DarrayusingNumpy

import numpy as np
#Operationson1-Darray
a=np.array([500,200,300])
print(type(a))
print(a)
b=[10,20,30]
x=np.array(b)
print(type(x))
print(x)
print(a-x)
print(a+x)
print(a*x)
print(a/x)
print(a.shape)
print(a[0],x[2])
#Operationson2-Darray
c=np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]])

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d=np.array([[4,3,2,1],[8,7,6,5]])
print(c)
print(d)
print(c+d)
print(c*d)
print(c/d)
print(c.shape)
print(d[0,0],c[0,3])
print(d[0:3,0:3])
#Operationson3-Darray
p=np.array([[[69,96,66,88],[13,14,15,16],[8,9,10,11]]])
q=np.array([[[45,65,32,11],[12,43,56,74],[5,9,4,2]]])
print(q)
print(p-q)
print(q+p)
print(p*q)
print(p/q)

Output:-

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Conculsion:-ImplenteddifferentprogramusingNumpy.

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EXPERIMENTNUMBER 12

EXPERIMENTNAME DesignaDataFrametounderstandmerging,joining,andconcatenation in
Pandas.

DATE OF
PERFORMANCE

DATEOFCORRECTION

SIGN&DATE

GRADE

TIMELY LAB
ATTENDANCE CORRECTION PERFORMANCE ORAL TOTAL

ALLOTTED 2 2 3 3 10

OBTAINED

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 80
 (PermanentlyAffiliatedtoUniversityof Mumbai)
DepartmentofElectronicsand TelecommunicationEngineering

EXPERIMENT12

AIMOFEXPERIMENT:DesignaDataFrametounderstandmerging,joining,andconcatenationin Pandas.
EQUIPMENT/SOFTWARE:PC,PythonIDLE.

THEORY:

PANDAS:PandasisaPythonpackageprovidingfast,flexible,and expressivedatastructuresdesigned
tomakeworkingwith“relational”or“labeled”databotheasyandintuitive.Itaimstobethefundamen- tal high-
level building block for doing practical, real-world data analysis in Python.

 Pandasisanopen-sourcelibrarythatismademainlyforworkingwithrelationalorla-
beleddata both easily and intuitively.
 Itprovidesvariousdatastructuresandoperationsformanipulatingnumericaldataand
timeseries.
 PandasbuildsonpackageslikeNumpy&matplotlibtogiveusasingleandconvenient place
for data analysis and visualization.
 Pandasisfastandit hashighperformance&productivityforusers.
FEATURESOFPANDAS:
 Fastandefficientformanipulatingandanalyzingdata.
 Datafromdifferentfileobjectscanbeloaded.
 Easyhandlingofmissingdata(representedasNaN)infloatingpointaswellasnon-floating point
data
 Sizemutability:columnscanbeinsertedanddeletedfromDataFrameandhigherdimensional
objects
 Datasetmergingandjoining.
 Flexiblereshapingandpivotingofdatasets
 Dataalignment&integratedhandlingofmissingdata
 Label-basedslicing&indexing.
 Providestime-seriesfunctionality.
 Powerfulgroupbyfunctionalityforperformingsplit-apply-combineoperationsondatasets.

Pandasgenerallyprovidetwodatastructuresformanipulatingdata,Theyare:
• Series
• DataFrame
• Series:
PandasSeriesisaone-dimensionallabeledarraycapableofholdingdataofanytype(integer,string, float,
python objects, etc.)i.e. Homogenous data.
• Theaxislabelsarecollectivelycalledindexes.
• PandasSeriesisnothingbutacolumninanexcelsheet.Labelsneednotbeuniquebutmust be a
hashable type.

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• Theobjectsupportsbothintegerandlabel-basedindexingandprovidesahostofmethodsfor
performing operations involving the index.
• PandasseriesSizeisimmutableanddataisimmutable

Syntax:
pandas.Series(data,index,datatype,copy)

• Seriescanbecreatedusing:
1. Array
2. Dictionary
3. ScalarValueor Constant.

• DataFrame:
PandasDataFrameisatwo-dimensionalsize-mutable,potentiallyHeterogeneoustabulardatastructure with
labelled axes (rows and columns).
• ADataframeisan-dimensionaldatastructure,i.e.,dataisalignedinatabularfashioninrows and
columns.
• PandasDataFrameconsistsofthreeprincipalcomponents,thedata,rows,andcolumns.
• BasicFeatures:
1.HeterogeneousData.2.Size Mutable.
3. DataMutable.

Syntax:
pandas.DataFrame(data,index,colums,datatype,copy)

• DataFramecanbecreatedwith:
1. List,2.Dictionary,3.Series,4.Numpyndarrays,5.AnotherDataFrame

 SOURCECODE:-

#Writeapythonprogramtostudyandunderstandmerging,joining,andconcatenation in
pandas DataFrame.

import pandas as pd
data1=pd.DataFrame({'id':[1,2,3,4],'name':['manoj','manoja','manoji','manji']},ind
ex=['one','two', 'three','four'])
data2=pd.DataFrame({'s_id':[1,2,3,6,7],'marks':[98,90,78,86,78]},index=['one','tw
o','three', 'siz','seven'])
#Method of joining DataFrames based on indexes.
print("JoinedDataFrameisasfollow:")print(data1.join(data2))

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#TomergeDataFrameswithMatchingIndexes
print("Merged DataFrame is as follow:")
print(pd.merge(data1,data2,left_index=True,right_index=True))
#To concate the DataFrames print("Concatenation:")
print(pd.concat([data1,data2],axis=1))

OUTPUT:-

Conculsion:-StudiedDataFrameinpython

LABORATORY:SIGNAL PROCESSINGLAB 83