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Atomc Radius Practice Qestion

The document discusses predicting the relative sizes of atomic radii for elements B, C, Al, and Si using periodic trends. It concludes that C has the smallest radius and Al the largest, with insufficient information to determine the sizes of B and Si relative to each other. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for further understanding of atomic and ionic radii.

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12 views5 pages

Atomc Radius Practice Qestion

The document discusses predicting the relative sizes of atomic radii for elements B, C, Al, and Si using periodic trends. It concludes that C has the smallest radius and Al the largest, with insufficient information to determine the sizes of B and Si relative to each other. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for further understanding of atomic and ionic radii.

Uploaded by

yadavnid0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sample Exercise 7.

2 Predicting Relative Sizes of Atomic Radii


Referring to the periodic table, arrange (as much as possible) the atoms B, C, Al, and Si in order of increasing size.

Solution
Analyze and Plan We are given the chemical symbols for four elements and told to use their relative positions in the
periodic table to predict the relative size of their atomic radii. We can use the two periodic trends described in the text
to help with this problem.

Solve
B and C are in the same period, with C to the right of B. Therefore,
we expect the radius of C to be smaller than that of B
because radii usually decrease as we move across a period. radius C < radius B

Al and Si are in the same period, with Si to the right of Al. radius Si < radius Al

The radius increases as we move down a group with radius B < radius Al
Al and B belonging to the same group, as do C and Si. radius C < radius Si

Combining these comparisons, we can conclude that C has the


smallest radius and Al the largest. Unfortunately, the two periodic
trends available to us do not supply enough information to
determine the relative sizes of B and Si. radius C < radius B ~ radius Si < radius Al

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy/Woodward/Stoltzfus
Sample Exercise 7.2 Predicting Relative Sizes of Atomic Radii
Continued

Check Referring back to Figure 7.7, we can obtain numerical values for each atomic radius that allow us to say that the
radius of Si is greater than that of B.

C(0.76 Å) < B (0.84 Å) < Si (1.11 Å) < Al (1.21 Å)

If you examine Figure 7.7 carefully, you will discover that for the sand p-block elements the increase in radius moving
one element down a column tends to be greater than the increase moving one element left across a row. There are
exceptions, however.

Comment Note that the trends we have just discussed are for the s- and p-block elements. As seen in Figure 7.7, the
transition elements do not show a regular decrease moving across a period.

Practice Exercise 1
By referring to the periodic table, but not to Figure 7.7, place the following atoms in order of increasing bonding
atomic radius: N, O, P, Ge.
(a) N < O < P < Ge
(b) P < N < O < Ge
(c) O < N < Ge < P
(d) O < N < P < Ge
(e) N < P < Ge < O

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy/Woodward/Stoltzfus
Sample Exercise 7.2 Predicting Relative Sizes of Atomic Radii
Continued

Practice Exercise 2
Arrange Be, C, K, and Ca in order of increasing atomic radius.

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy/Woodward/Stoltzfus
Sample Exercise 7.3 Predicting Relative Sizes of Atomic and Ionic Radii
Arrange Mg2+, Ca2+, and Ca in order of decreasing radius.

Solution
Cations are smaller than their parent atoms, and so Ca2+ < Ca. Because Ca is below Mg in group 2A, Ca2+ is larger than
Mg2+. Consequently, Ca > Ca2+ > Mg2+.

Practice Exercise 1
Arrange the following atoms and ions in order of increasing ionic radius: F, S2–, Cl, and Se2–.

(a) F < S2– < Cl < Se2–


(b) F < Cl < S2– < Se2–
(c) F < S2– < Se2– < Cl
(d) Cl < F < Se2– < S2–
(e) S2– < F < Se2– < Cl

Practice Exercise 2
Which of the following atoms and ions is largest: S2–, S, O2–?

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy/Woodward/Stoltzfus
Sample Exercise 7.4 Ionic Radii in an Isoelectronic Series
Arrange the ions K+, Cl–, Ca2+, and S2– in order of decreasing size.

Solution
This is an isoelectronic series, with all ions having 18 electrons. In such a series, size decreases as nuclear charge
(atomic number) increases. The atomic numbers of the ions are S 16, Cl 17, K 19, Ca 20. Thus, the ions decrease in
size in the order S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+.

Practice Exercise 1
Arrange the following ions in order of increasing ionic radius: Br–, Rb+, Se2–, Sr2+, Te2–.

(a) Sr2+ < Rb+ < Br– < Se2– < Te2–
(b) Br– < Sr2+ < Se2– < Te2– < Rb+
(c) Rb+ < Sr2+ < Se2– < Te2– < Br–
(d) Rb+ < Br– < Sr2+ < Se2– < Te2–
(e) Sr2+ < Rb+ < Br– < Te2– < Se2–

Practice Exercise 2
In the isoelectronic series Ca2+, Cs+, Y3+, which ion is largest?

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th Edition © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Brown/LeMay/Bursten/Murphy/Woodward/Stoltzfus

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