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Calculus Research

The document discusses the concept of solids of revolution, which are three-dimensional objects formed by rotating two-dimensional regions around an axis. It outlines methods for calculating their volume, including the disk, washer, and cylindrical shell methods, along with examples for each method. Key concepts such as the axis of revolution, cross-section, and limits of integration are also defined.

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8 views5 pages

Calculus Research

The document discusses the concept of solids of revolution, which are three-dimensional objects formed by rotating two-dimensional regions around an axis. It outlines methods for calculating their volume, including the disk, washer, and cylindrical shell methods, along with examples for each method. Key concepts such as the axis of revolution, cross-section, and limits of integration are also defined.

Uploaded by

marcshua21
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PAIR ACTIVITY: VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION

In partial fulfillment of requirements in


ENG MATH 2

By:
Evangelista, Mark Joshua D.
Layan, Emelyh Grace D.

BSCE-1A
A.Y. 2024-2025

Engr. Jacqueline T. Guinsatao


Instructor
Volume of a Solid of Revolution

A solid of revolution is a three-dimensional object created when a two-dimensional region is rotated


around a line (the axis of revolution). It is calculated using integration, often employing methods like the
disk or washer method.

Examples include cylinders (rotated rectangles), cones (rotated triangles), and spheres (rotated
semicircles).

Methods for Calculating Volume

Disk Method:
This method is used when the cross sections of the solid perpendicular to the axis of revolution are
disks.
— The volume is found by summing the volumes of infinitely thin disks, which can be represented
by an integral.
—
— The formula for the volume using the disk method is V= ℼ∫[f(x)]2 dx (for rotation around the x-
axis).

Ring (Washer) Method :


This method is used when the cross-sections are washers (disks with a hole in the center).
— The volume is found by summing the volumes of infinitely thin washers, which can be
represented by an integral.
— The formula for the volume using the washer method is: V= ℼ∫[R(x)]2 _ [r(x)]2 dx (for rotation
around the x-axis).
Cylindrical Shell Method:
This method is used when the cross-sections are cylindrical shells.
— The volume is found by summing the volume of infinitely thin cylindrical shells, which can be
represented by an integral.
— The formula for the volume using shell method is: V= 2ℼ∫ x * [f(x) - g(x)] dx (for rotation
around the y-axis).

Solved Examples on Disk, Washer, and Shell Method Formula:

Example 1: (Disk Method Formula)

Let R be a region bounded by y = x2, x = -2, x = 3 and x-axis. Find the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating the region R about x-axis.

Solution:

The volume is given by


3
V = ∫ ℼ(x2)2 dx
-2
3
= ℼ∫ x4 dx
-2
3
= ℼ [x /5] 5
-2

= 55ℼ

Hence, the required volume is 55ℼ.


Example 2: (Washer Method Formula)

Let R be a region be bounded by y = x and y = x3 in [0,1]. Find the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating the region R about x-axis.

Solution:

The volume is given by


1
V = ℼ∫ (x2) - (x3)2 dx
0
1
= ℼ ∫ x2 - x6 dx
0
1
= ℼ [(x /3) - (x /7)]
3 7
0

= 4ℼ/21

Hence, the required volume is 4ℼ/21.

Example 3: (Shell Method Formula)

Let R be a region bounded by y = 2x2 - x3 and x-axis. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
the region R about y-axis.

Solution:

Here, h(x) = 2x2 - x3 and r(x) = x.


The volume is given by
2
V = ∫ (2ℼx) (2x2 - x3) dx
0
2
= 2ℼ ∫ (2x3 - x4 ) dx
0
2
= 2ℼ [(x4/2) - (x5/5)]
0

= 16ℼ/5

Hence, the required volume is 16ℼ/5.

Key Concepts

Axis of revolution: the line around which the 2D region is rotated.

Cross- Section: the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution with the solid.

Integration: The process of summing infinitely small quantities to find the total value (in this case,
volume)

Limits of Integration: The values of x (or y) between which the region is rotated.

Radius and height: identify the radius (distance from the axis of revolution to the curve) and height
(distance between the curves).
References:

Cuemath. (n.d.). Disk method formula. Cuemath. https://www.cuemath.com/disk-method-formula/

Cuemath. (n.d.). Washer method formula. Cuemath. https://www.cuemath.com/washer-method-formula/

Cuemath. (n.d.). Shell method formula. Cuemath. https://www.cuemath.com/shell-method-formula/

CK-12 Foundation. (n.d.). Solids of revolution: Volumes by washers. CK-12 FlexBook.


https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-calculus-concepts/section/6.4/primary/lesson/solids-of-
revolution%3A-volumes-by-washers-calc/

LibreTexts. (n.d.). Volumes of revolution: The shell method. LibreTexts.


https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/MTH_211_Calculus_II/
Chapter_6%3A_Applications_of_Integration/6.3%3A_Volumes_of_Revolution
%3A_The_Shell_Method

Study.com. (n.d.). Using the washer method to find the volume of a solid of revolution revolving around
the x-axis. Study.com. https://study.com/skill/learn/using-the-washer-method-to-find-the-volume-of-a-
solid-of-revolution-revolving-around-the-x-axis-explanation.html

CliffsNotes. (n.d.). Volumes of solids of revolution. CliffsNotes. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-


guides/calculus/calculus/applications-of-the-definite-integral/volumes-of-solids-of-revolution

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