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IoT_Unit1_Notes

The document outlines the fundamentals of the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing its evolution, enabling technologies, and various architectures such as oneM2M and IoT World Forum. It discusses the functional blocks of the IoT ecosystem, including sensors, actuators, and communication modules, as well as the roles of cloud, fog, and edge computing. Key applications of IoT span across smart cities, homes, industries, and more, highlighting its significance in modern technology.

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Dhruv Sharma
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9 views

IoT_Unit1_Notes

The document outlines the fundamentals of the Internet of Things (IoT), detailing its evolution, enabling technologies, and various architectures such as oneM2M and IoT World Forum. It discusses the functional blocks of the IoT ecosystem, including sensors, actuators, and communication modules, as well as the roles of cloud, fog, and edge computing. Key applications of IoT span across smart cities, homes, industries, and more, highlighting its significance in modern technology.

Uploaded by

Dhruv Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet of Things (IoT) - Unit 1 Notes

1. Fundamentals of IoT

1.1 Evolution of IoT


- The Internet has become a part of daily life, evolving to connect various devices and appliances.
- IoT refers to an ecosystem where physical objects (devices, appliances) are connected via the
Internet.
- Key applications include Smart Cities, Smart Homes, Smart Industries, Public Safety, Energy
Management, Agriculture, and more.

1.2 Enabling Technologies


- Wireless Communication (WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LPWAN, Cellular Networks)
- Cloud Computing (Data storage, processing, and analysis)
- Big Data & Analytics (Real-time data analysis for decision-making)
- AI & Machine Learning (Automating IoT operations)
- Embedded Systems (Microcontrollers, Sensors, Actuators)
- Security Protocols (Encryption, Authentication)

2. IoT Architectures

2.1 oneM2M Architecture


- Standardized framework for M2M communication.
- Provides a common IoT Service Layer that connects different IoT systems.

2.2 IoT World Forum (IoTWF) Architecture


- Developed by Cisco and others with 7 layers:
1. Perception Layer (Sensors, Actuators)
2. Network Layer (Data transmission)
3. Edge Computing Layer (Local data processing)
4. Data Accumulation Layer (Data aggregation)
5. Data Abstraction Layer (Filtering relevant data)
6. Application Layer (Smart services)
7. Business Layer (Decision-making)

2.3 Alternative IoT Models


- Cloud-Centric Model (Centralized cloud processing)
- Edge-Centric Model (Device-level processing)
- Hybrid Model (Combination of cloud and edge)

3. Simplified IoT Architecture & Core IoT Functional Stack


- Three-layer and five-layer IoT architectures with Perception, Network, and Application Layers.

4. Fog, Edge, and Cloud in IoT


- Cloud Computing: Remote storage and analytics.
- Fog Computing: Intermediate layer for reducing latency.
- Edge Computing: On-device processing for real-time decision-making.

5. Functional Blocks of IoT Ecosystem


- Sensors (Temperature, Motion, Gas, Proximity)
- Actuators (Motors, LEDs, Solenoids)
- Processing Unit (Microcontrollers, Data Processors)
- Communication Module (WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LPWAN)
- Cloud Platform (Data storage and analytics)
- Application Interface (User control and monitoring)

6. Sensors, Actuators, Smart Objects & Connectivity


- IoT devices use protocols like WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LPWAN, and 5G for connectivity.

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