Linear function:
It is the function of a straight line with equation: Y= MX+ C
Where “M” is the slope and “C” is the intercepted part from the Y-axis
Note:- Y = F(x)
To draw the function:
First: calculate the intercepted part from Y and X axes.
For example:
F(x)= 2x+3
Then to calculate the intercepted part of Y- axis, you have to substitute
the X by zero.
So F(x)= 2×0 + 3
Then F(x) = 3
Then Y --> (0,3)
And for the X-axis you have to substitute
the Y (F(x)) by zero
Then 0 = 2X +3
2X = -3
3
X= − 2
3
So X ----> (− 2 , 0)
So when you got the points on the graph connect them and draw a
straight line, as you see in the opposite figure of the graph.
Piecewise function:
It is the function where includes more than one function.
For example:
2𝑥 + 3 𝑥 > 2
F(x) =[ ]
3𝑥 − 5 𝑥 ≤ 2
So when x >2 the first function works, and when x≤ 2 the second
function works,
So for some inputs:
F(2)= 3×2 -5 =1
F(3)= 2×3 +3 = 9
F(-1)= 3×-1 -5 = -8
F(0)= 0×3-5 = -5
And if you want to graph it, all you have to do is to make table for both
function with 3 values and draw ,
And if the graph connected with a value it doesn’t include, then it called
open.
And as you see in the green function it didn’t include the 2, but it have
to get it so it called it
(2, undefined) as shown in the opposite figure
(you can see it represented by open dot)
Note:
The piecewise function can include more then 2
functions.
The domain is R
The range is R
Absolute-value function:
It is the function where the negative
numbers turns into positive , as
Y = |x|
And to graph this
As -2 is going to be 2, where |-2| = 2
And 2 is going to be 2, where |2| =2
And the Domain will be R
And Range = [0, ∞[
Y = -|x|
And to graph this:
Where in here the negative sign was out so
every point got it
As Y = -|-2| = -2
And Y = -|2| = -2
So the graph is like that,
And the domain is going to be R
And Range = ]-∞, 0]
If Y = |x+3|
Then the graph is going to shift to the left 3
units
As x+3 = 0
x = -3
So the graph will be like that,
And the Domain is R
And the range will be [0, ∞[
But if
Y = |x-3|, the x will be shifted to the right
And if the sign was out the absolute, then the function is going to be
shifted up or down,
For example Y = |x| +3
The graph is going to be like that
As it will be shifted up
Here the domain is R
And the range will be [3 , ∞[
If I told you Y = |x|
Then slope of the graph is equal to 1
But if Y = 2|x|
Then the slope is going to be 2
And the graph will be different as it will be
As you can see the 1 is at 2
So the steps will be each unit in the x-axis
matches 2 units in the y-axis
And so on you can make whatever you want to the graph.
Step function:
Step function is more like to be piece wise function
As for example: where x is between one and two, where two is out of
the range, its function will be one.
As it can be written by piecewise function
1 1≥𝑥>2
As F(X) = [2 2 ≥ 𝑥 > 3], and like this for infinite and this will give
3 3≥𝑥>4
you the step function or it can be represented by
And this is its graph:
And this is a explanation video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHwpj9b4zZo
Direct variation:
It is the variation where X increase the Y increase
Where: Y = KX, where the K is the constant of
the variation
𝑌
Where K = 𝑋, and this is the graph of it
For example:
The X= 2 when Y= 4
What is the Y when X =4
To solve this type of questions: first you have to get the constant
𝑌 4
So K = 𝑋 = 2 = 2
And Y = KX, so Y = 2X
If X = 4 , then Y = 2×4 = 8
Inverse variation:
It is the variation where X increase the Y
decreases and vice versa
𝐾
Where: Y = 𝑋 , where the K is the constant
of the variation
Where K = XY and this is the graph of it
For example:
The X= 2 when Y= 4
What is the Y when X =4
To solve this type of questions: first you have to get the constant
So K = 𝑋𝑌 = 2 × 4 = 8
𝐾 8
And Y = , so Y =
𝑋 𝑋
8
If X = 4 , then Y = 4 = 2
Intercepted part
How to calculate the intercepted part of Y and X axes
In the equation: Y = MX +C , where C is the intercepted part of the Y-
axis and M is the slope
For example:
Y = 4X + 8
Here let’s substitute the X to be 0 once and to the Y to be 0 once
Let Y= 0
So 0 = 4X+8
-8 = 4X ,,, So X = -2
So the intercepted part of the X-axis is (-2, 0)
Let X= 0
So Y = 4*0 + 8
So Y = 8
So the intercepted part of the Y-axis is (0,8)
If he gave these points to you, you would get the equation:
For example:
Find the equation of points (2,0) and (0, -6)
First put the equation: Y=MX +C
Since the intercepted part of Y-axis is 6 units in the negative part
Then: Y= MX -6
𝑌 −𝑌 0−(−6) 6
Since the slope = 𝑋2 −𝑋1 = =2=3
2 1 2−0
So M =3
So the equation: Y= 3X- 6
Composition of function:
For example:
F(x) = 2x+4 ,,, and G(x)= 3x +2
So what is the F𝑜G,, this means what is the composite of the G(x) inside
F(x)
So F(G(x))
So F(3x+2) = 2×(3x+2) +4
F𝑜G = 6x +4+4 = 6x+ 8
This is the composite function.
For example:
F(x)= 3x+4 , and G(x)= 𝑥 2 + 4
What is F(G(3))
So first G(3)= 32 + 4 = 9 + 4 = 13
So F(G(3))= F(13) = 3×13 + 4= 39 + 4 = 43
Note:
For example: F(x) = 2x +3 , and G(x)= 3x +4
F𝑜G is different from G𝑜F
As F𝑜G is F(G(x)) = F(3x+4) = 2(3x+4) + 3 = 6x + 8 + 3 = 6x+ 11
And G𝑜F is G(F(x)) = G(2x+3) = 3(2x+3) +4 = 6x +9 + 4= 6x + 13
Translation of linear function:
It is the moving the function up or down or even shifting it horizontally
left or right.
To move the function all you have to do is this equation where Y = F(x-
h)
If h > 0 the function will move to the right
If h < 0 the function will move to the left
For example:
F(x) = x (red)
For h =2
F(x)= x -2 (blue)
For h = -2
F(x) = x – (-2) = x +2 (green)
And this is for moving horizontally
Let’s move for moving it vertically:
For moving the function is Y = F(x) +h
If h > 0 the function will move up
If h < 0 the function will move down
For example:
F(x) = x (red)
For h = 2
F(x) = x +2 (green)
For h = -2
F(x) = x - 2 (blue)
As you see in the following graph.
ما هذا العلم الذي أخذناه إال هبة من هللا ,وزكاته نشره
فاللهم اجعله كله في ميزان حسنات (عبدالرحمن محمد العزب)
الرجاء قراءة القرآن له ,و الدعاء له بالرحمة والمغفرة
رحمك هللا يا عبدالرحمن كنت خير صاحب وخير طالب
