Review

• Data Science
• Drawing useful conclusions from data using computation

• Computer Science
• Making computers do what you want to do efficiently (for your productivity)

• Algorithms and Programs

• Logical steps (recipe)
• Written in a computer language (instruction set)

1
Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 1
Computing Bootcamp

Abstraction

Lecture 1-1

Hyung-Sin Kim

SNU Graduate School of Data Science

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 2
 How does a computer run a Python program?

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 3

 Abstraction – Car

Interface

Implementation

Don’t worry about it J

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 4

 Abstraction
• Drivers do not need to know implementation details about a car to drive it
• Tire, wheel, engine, size, weight

• They just need to deal with user interfaces, such as handle and pedals
• Once they know how to handle interfaces, they can drive all of various cars in the
world

• Abstraction: The process of preserving information that is relevant in a

given context, and forgetting information that is irrelevant in that context
• We cannot remember and focus on many things at a time …
• People with different expertise/interest can focus on their jobs without worrying
about other part

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 Abstraction – Machine Learning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CS4cs9xVecg&list=
PLkDaE6sCZn6Ec-XTbcX1uRg2_u4xOEky0

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 Abstraction – Mobile Phone

Application programmers do not need to know

various hardware details thanks to…

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 7

 Abstraction – Mobile Phone
Application
Software

Interface

Operating
System

Implementation

Hardware

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 8

 Abstraction – More General Computer
Application
Software

Application programmers do not need to know

Operating various hardware details thanks to…
System

Hardware

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 9

 Abstraction – More General Computer
Application
Software

Interface
Operating
System
Implementation

Hardware

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 10

 Abstraction – Thank You Operating System!
• Operating system (e.g., MS Windows, Linux, macOS) is the only program
on the computer that’s allowed direct access to the hardware

• If any other application program wants to interact with hardware (fetch

data from storage, draw on the screen, find out what key was just pressed
on the keyboard), it sends a request to the OS (indirect access)

• If you are not writing an OS, you don’t need to care about hardware but OS
• Some smartphone Apps support either Android or iOS, not both of them
• Once an app is ported on Android, it works for all different kinds of Android
phones

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 Abstraction – Thank You Interpreter!
• OS is still too low and complex to directly
program an application on…
Python
• If you are not a hardcore programmer

• Another layer for you, called Interpreter Application Python

• If you write a program using Python, the Interpreter
interpreter takes your program, translate it into
a language that OS understands
Operating System

• Now you don’t have to worry about OS too!

Just write a program and it will run on
various OSes! Storage Screen

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 Python Interpreter
• Multiple ways of playing with Python
• Execute a Python program that is saved in a file with a .py extension
• The interpreter will execute the whole program in the file

• Execute a program called a shell, and type Python statements one at a time
• The interpreter will execute each statement when you type it

• Execute jupyter notebook, type and execute a group of Python statements

• The interpreter will execute the group of statements

• With the Python interpreter, you only care about Python, neither OS nor
hardware

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 Summary
• Abstraction – Interface and implementation
• For now, it is OK to know only interfaces Python
• To become a power user, you need to learn low-
level system programming!
Application Python
Interpreter
• Operating system and application

Operating System
• Python Interpreter

• This figure Storage Screen

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Computing Bootcamp

Hello, Python!

Lecture 1-2

Hyung-Sin Kim

SNU Graduate School of Data Science

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 Let’s start programming!

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 Your First Program
• Open a Jupyter cell

• Let’s type a simple mathematical expression and execute the code (press
Ctrl+Enter or click Run)
• >>> 3 + 4
• 7

• Congratulation! You wrote a code and it works!

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 Primitive Expressions
• What you just typed is an expression including
• Operators: +, -, *, /, %, //, **
• Operands: Values that an operator takes

• An expression does not have to have an operator, a single value is also an

expression

• Evaluation: When you type an expression and run it, Python evaluates
the expression, produces a value, and shows it

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 Primitive Expressions
• Operators precedence
• **
• - (negation)
• *, /, //, %
• +, -
• Example
• -2 ** 4 -16
• -(2 ** 4) -16
• (-2) ** 4 16

• Type whatever mathematical expressions for fun and see how Python
evaluates them!

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 Types
• Every value in Python has a particular type
• int (integer): 1, 4, 8, 10, 100 …
• float (floating point): 2.5, 19.2, 7.1 …

• An expression having two floats produces a float

• 100.0 – 25.0 75.0

• An expression having an int and a float makes Python convert the int to a
float
• 100 - 25.0 75.0

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 Types
• A type in Python consists of two things
• A set of values
• A set of operations that can be applied to those values

• int: (1) integer numbers, (2) arithmetic operators can be applied

• float: (1) a subset of the real numbers, (2) arithmetic operators can be
applied

• Finite precision: Computer does not represent all the real numbers due to
its limited memory, representing the closest value it can produce
• 2/3 0.66666666666
• This is memory efficient and allows fast calculation

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 Call Expressions
• Operator can be a function (there are many functions that Python provides)

• Call expression: An expression that calls a function

• Example
• max(2,3)
• Operators: max – a function name
• Operands: 2 and 3 – again, values that an operator takes

• An operand can also be a call expression

• max( min(2, 3) , min(9, 10) )

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 Variables and Names
• Values do not have any meaning, so now we want to name them: Variable

• Name
• Letters, digits, and the underscore symbol
• Cannot start with a digit: 7ab
• Case sensitive: GSDS vs. gsds
• No empty space
• Naming properly is very important! value

• Reserved word (or keyword) variable

• A name that Python already uses: True, False, if, for …
• You cannot use these words as your own names

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 Assignment
• You can create a new variable by naming it and assigning it a value
• temp_celsius = 31.0 (assignment statement)
name value
• “temp_celsius is assigned the value 31.0.”
• “=” is not equality!

• You can do assignment for multiple variables on a single line

• x, y = 1, 2
• y, x = x, y

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 Assignment
• When Python sees a variable in an expression, it uses its assigned value
• temp_celsius + 5/10 31.5

• We can reassign another value to an existing variable (yes, it is “variable”!)

• temp_celsius = -15.2

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 Summary
• Expression and evaluation
• Operator and operand
• Value and type
• Name and variable

• Assignment

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Computing Bootcamp

Memory Model and

Reassignment
Lecture 1-3

Hyung-Sin Kim

SNU Graduate School of Data Science

Computing Bootcamp SNU Graduate School of Data Science 27
 What happens in the computer
when you execute an assignment statement?

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 Memory Model
• A memory object
• Address
• Value

• Example
• The object at the memory address id1 has type float and the value 31.0
• The object at the memory address id2 has type function and max

id1: float id2: function

31.0 max()

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 Memory Model – Assignment
• <<variable>> = <<expression>>
• Step 1: Evaluate the expression on the right side to produce a value. This value is
stored in a memory object
• Step 2: Store the address of the memory object (containing the value above) in
the variable on the left side
• If the variable already exists, replace the memory address that it contains
• Result: the variable points the memory where the value is stored

• Example: temp_celsius = 31.0

id1: float

temp_celsius id1 31.0 temp_celsius 31.0

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 Memory Model – Assignment
• <<var1>>, <<var2>>, …, <<varN>> = <<exp1>>, <<exp2>>, …, <<expN>>

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (1)
• >>> advisor = “Hyung-Sin Kim”
• >>> advisor 942-416

• “Hyung-Sin Kim”

advisor 942-416

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (1)
• >>> advisor = “Hyung-Sin Kim”
• >>> advisor 942-416

• “Hyung-Sin Kim”
• >>> advisor = “Minhwan Oh”

advisor 942-416

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (1)
• >>> advisor = “Hyung-Sin Kim”
• >>> advisor 942-416

• “Hyung-Sin Kim”
• >>> advisor = “Minhwan Oh”

advisor 942-419
942-416
942-419

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius 11.0
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius 11.0
• ?

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius 11.0
• ?
5.0

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius 11.0
• ?
5.0

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 Memory Model – Reassignment (2)
• >>> temp_celsius = 31.0
• >>> difference = 10.0 temp_celsius 31.0
• >>> temp_celsius = temp_celsius – 2*difference
difference 10.0
• >>> difference = 5.0
• >>> temp_celsius 11.0
• ?
• 11.0 5.0

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 Summary
• Memory model

• Each value dwells in a memory box

• A variable points at the memory box where its assigned values lives

• Reassignment is pointing at a different memory box

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 Thanks!

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