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GROUND SCHOOL
AND
FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUSES
FOR
HELICOPTER PILOTS
IN
SRI LANKA AIR FORCE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ 2

BASIC GROUND SCHOOL .................................................................................................. 3
ROTORDYNAMICS ............................................................................................................... 6
MULTI CREW TRAINING SYLLABUS ............................................................................. 9
BELL 206 J/R GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS .............................................................. 11
BASIC HELICOPTER CONVERSATION (BELL 206) – AIR EXERCISES................ 19
BELL 206 J/R FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS ............................................................. 20
BELL 212 GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS ..................................................................... 22
BELL 212 FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS .................................................................... 29
BELL 412 GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS ..................................................................... 31
BELL 412/412EP FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS........................................................ 35
MI-17 HELICOPTER GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS ................................................ 36
MI-17 HELICOPTER FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS ............................................... 38

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BASIC GROUND SCHOOL

1. Principle of flight
The atmosphere (03.00hrs)
Aerodynamic force (03.00hrs)
Lift (04.30hrs)
Drag (04.30hrs)
Stalling (03.00hrs)
Spinning (06.00hrs)
Wing plan forms (03.00hrs)
Lift Augmentation (03.00hrs)
Flight control (03.00hrs)
Trimming and balance tab (01.30hrs)
Level flight (03.00hrs)
Climbing and gliding (03.00hrs)
Maneuvers (03.00hrs)
Stability (04.30hrs)

2. Airframe
The airplane (02.00hrs)
The fuselage (01.30hrs)
The wing (01.30hrs)
The tail section or empennage (01.30hrs)
The propulsion system (01.30hrs)
Landing gear or undercarriage (02.00hrs)
The control system (01.30hrs)
Construction materials (01.30hrs)
Stress (02.00hrs)

3. Airmanship
Air traffic control (04.30hrs)
Definitions (03.00hrs)
Training in radio telephony (03.00hrs)
Separations (03.00hrs)
Altimeter setting/ separations (02.30hrs)
Emergencies (01.30hrs)
Aircraft accidents (01.30hrs)
Flight authorization (01.30hrs)
Flight rules (02.30hrs)
PT-6 emergency procedure (02.30hrs)
Local operating procedure (03.00hrs)

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4. Aviation medicine
General health (01.30hrs)
Hypoxia (01.30hrs)
Decompression sickness (01.30hrs)
Psychological effects on acceleration (03.00hrs)
Vision (01.30hrs)
Noise vibration and temperature (01.30hrs)
Sensory illusions (03.00hrs)
Alcohol and drugs (01.30hrs)
Fatigue and stress (01.30hrs)
Nourishment and physical fitness (01.30hrs)

5. Avionics
Basic radio (04.00hrs)
Communication equipment (02.00hrs)
Radio beacons (03.00hrs)
Automatic direction finder (ADF) (03.00hrs)
VHF Omni Range navigation system (VHF) (03.30hrs)
Instrument Landing system (ILS) (03.00hrs)
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) (02.00hrs)
Global positioning system (GPS) (02.30hrs)
Basic Radar theory (02.00hrs)
Other Radio aids (03.00hrs)
Practical (02.00hrs)

6. Aircraft electricals
Introduction to basic electricity (05.00hrs)
Aircraft lighting system (01.30hrs)
Circuit protection and controlling devices (01.30hrs)
Indicates and warning devices (01.00hrs)
Aircraft power supply and GPU (01.30hrs)
Aircraft bonding and power failure warning system (01.30hrs)
Aircraft batteries (01.30hrs)
Practical session (02.00hrs)

7. Aircraft instruments
ASI (01.30hrs)
Pressure altimeter (01.30hrs)
VSI (01.00hrs)
Gyroscope theory (02.00hrs)
Turn and slip indicator (03.00hrs)
Directional Gyro (03.00hrs)
Artificial Horizon (03.00hrs)
Magnetic compass (03.00hrs)

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8. Navigation
Introduction (03.00hrs)
Speed and velocity (03.00hrs)
Projections (03.00hrs)
Flight planning (03.00hrs)
Pilots’ navigation techniques (03.00hrs)

9. Aero Engine
Scientific definition (03.00hrs)
Types of combustion engines (03.00hrs)
Cooling (01.30hrs)
Lubrication (03.00hrs)
Fuel system (03.00hrs)
Carburetor (04.00hrs)
Exhaust system (01.30hrs)
Ignition system (03.00hrs)
Electrical system (01.30hrs)
The propeller (01.30hrs)
Engine instrument (01.30hrs)
Operation of engine (01.30hrs)
Jet propulsion (01.30hrs)

10. Meteorology
The atmosphere (01.30hrs)
Pressure (03.00hrs)
Winds (03.00hrs)
Humidity, Temperature and stability (04.30hrs)
Air masses (01.30hrs)
Fronts (03.00hrs)
Clouds and precipitation (01.30hrs)
Thunderstorms (01.30hrs)
Icing (03.00hrs)
Visibility and fog (03.00hrs)
Tropical Met (03.00hrs)
Synoptic Met (01.30hrs)

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ROTORDYNAMICS

2. Rotor Aerodynamics and control (04.00hrs)

2. Hovering and horizontal movement (05.00hrs)
3. Control in forward flight (08.00hrs)
4. Autorotation (03.00hrs)
5. Hazardous conditions and recovery action (08.00hrs)
6. Power requirements (03.00hrs)
7. Stability (03.00hrs)

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ROTORDYNAMICS

1. Rotor aerodynamics

Introduction, Rotor Systems, Forces on an Aerofoil, Blade Design, Relative

Airflow, Lift, Drag

2. Control

Introduction, Collective Pitch Changes, Control of RRPM, Flapping,

Feathering, Dragging, Coning, Limits Of RRPM, Overtorqueing, Over-Pitching

3. Hovering

Take Off and Climb to Free Air Hover, Vertical Descend, Ground Effect, Re-
Circulation.

4. Horizontal movement

Cyclic Pitch Changes, Flapping to Equality, Control Orbit, Pitch Operating Arm
Movement, Phase Lag, Advance Angle, Dragging

5. Control in forward flight

Introduction, Torque Reaction, Tail Rotor Compensation, Rotor

Configurations, Forces in the Hover and in Forward Flight, Transition, Transnational
Lift, Summary of Transition, Transition from Forward Flight to Hover Landing,
Symmetry and Dissymmetry Rotor Thrust, Flapback, Inflow Roll, Factors affecting
Maximum Forward Speed

6. Autorotation in still air

Introduction, Authoritative Force/Rotor Drag Rate of Descend, Relative

Airflow – Vertical Autorotation

7. Autorotation with forward speed

Relative Airflow – Forward Autorotation, Rate of Descend requirements in

Autorotation, Autorotation for Endurance and Range in Still Air, Flare, Avoid Area for
Autorotation

8. Hazardous conditions and recovery action

Ground Resonance, Blade Sailing, Static and Dynamic Roll over, Vortex Ring,
Development of Vortex Ring State and Recovery Action, Tail Rotor Failure, Loss of
Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE)

9. Power requirements

Introduction, Power Required, Power Available, Effect of Limited Power

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10. Stability

Introduction, Stability in Hover, Stability in Forward Flight, Stability Aids,

Control Power.

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MULTI CREW TRAINING SYLLABUS

1. Communication
➢ Importance of clear and concise communication
➢ Standard phraseology and radio telephony procedures
➢ Effective verbal and non-verbal communication techniques
➢ Conflict resolution and assertiveness in a multi-crew setting
➢ Practical exercises: Simulated ATC and crew communication scenarios

2. Leadership & teamworking

➢ Understanding different leadership styles
➢ Responsibilities of pilot-in-command and co-pilot
➢ Building trust and effective teamwork in the cockpit
➢ Managing interpersonal dynamics and stress
➢ Case studies: Leadership in emergency situations

3. Situational awareness
➢ Maintaining awareness of flight status, environment, and crew actions
➢ Recognition of potential threats and errors
➢ Improving perception and decision-making in high workload conditions
➢ Practical exercises: Scenario-based training for situational awareness

4. Workload management
➢ Prioritization and task allocation
➢ Managing high workload phases such as takeoff and landing
➢ Recognizing and mitigating fatigue effects
➢ Stress management techniques

5. Problem solving & decision making

➢ Systematic approach to problem-solving in-flight
➢ Risk assessment and mitigation strategies
➢ Decision-making under pressure
➢ Group decision-making dynamics
➢ Case studies: Analysis of real-world aviation incidents

6. Monitoring & crosschecking

➢ Role of monitoring in multi-crew operations
➢ Detecting and correcting errors effectively
➢ Use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in cross-checking
➢ Practical exercises: Monitoring automation and manual operations

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7. Task sharing
➢ Effective delegation of duties
➢ Role clarity between pilot flying and pilot monitoring
➢ Handling transitions between automation and manual control
➢ Hands-on flight simulator practice for task sharing

8. Use of checklists
➢ Importance of checklists in aviation safety
➢ Standard operating procedures for normal and emergency checklists
➢ Checklist discipline and common errors
➢ Hands-on practice: Simulator-based checklist execution

9. Briefings
➢ Importance of pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight briefings
➢ Effective structure of crew briefings
➢ Techniques for ensuring clarity and engagement
➢ Practical exercises: Simulated pre-flight and approach briefings

10. Flight management

➢ Flight planning and execution strategies
➢ Managing in-flight changes and contingencies
➢ Automation management in modern cockpits
➢ Case studies: Effective flight management techniques

11. FMS use

➢ Introduction to Flight Management System (FMS) components
➢ Programming routes and managing changes
➢ Common errors and troubleshooting techniques
➢ Hands-on training: FMS simulation exercises

12. Environment, weather & ATC

➢ Understanding meteorological impacts on flight
➢ Reading and interpreting METAR and TAF reports
➢ Adapting flight planning based on weather conditions
➢ ATC communication and compliance with clearances
➢ Case studies: Weather-related flight incidents

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BELL 206 J/R GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS

BELL 206 TECHNICAL SYLLABUS

Aircraft general

➢ Historical Overview
➢ General Introduction
➢ Main Rotor
➢ Transmission
➢ Main Drive Shaft
➢ Power Plant
➢ Fairings & Engine Cowling
➢ Airframe
➢ Landing Gear
➢ Tail Boom
➢ Horizontal Stabilizer
➢ Anti-Torque System
➢ Tail Rotor
➢ Electrical Power System
➢ Flight Instruments

Airframe

Airframe (Lesson 01)

➢ General
➢ Airframe Sections
➢ Forward Section
➢ Intermediate section
➢ Tail Boom Section, (Tail Boom, Horizontal Stabilizer, Vertical Fin)
➢ Principle Dimensions
➢ Station Locations
➢ Fuselage Boom Stations
➢ Water Lines
➢ Butt Lines
➢ Seats
➢ Doors
➢ Doors
➢ Hinges
➢ Latches
➢ Miscellaneous doors - Baggage Compartment, Battery Access Door,
Miscellaneous Access Doors.
➢ Windows

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➢ Crew & Passenger Windows

➢ Chin Bubble & Sky Light
➢ Windshields
➢ Cabin Ventilation System
➢ Ram Air & Defog System
➢ Landing Gear
➢ Cowlings
➢ Transmission Mounts
➢ Air Induction Cowling
➢ Engine Cowling
➢ Aft Fairing

Ground Handling (Lesson 02)

➢ Ground Handling
➢ Towing
➢ Lifting
➢ Jacking
➢ Leveling
➢ Tie-Down & Parking
➢ External Power
➢ Servicing
➢ Fuel System
➢ Hydraulic System
➢ Engine Oil System

Main Rotor Hub (Lesson 03)

➢ Definitions
➢ Blade Span
➢ Blade Chord
➢ Flapping
➢ Axis of Rotation
➢ Plane of Rotation
➢ Semi Rigid Rotor
➢ Dissymmetry of Lift
➢ Under slung Rotor
➢ Main Rotor hub Components
➢ Main Rotor (M/R) yoke
➢ M/R Trunnion
➢ M/R Grip
➢ Flap Restraint
➢ Pitch Links
➢ M/R Blades

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Main Rotor Blades (Lesson 04)

➢ General
➢ Dimensions
➢ Blade Alignment
➢ Rotor Vibration Analysis & Diagnostics
➢ Vibration Analysis
➢ Low Frequency Vibration
➢ Balance Measurement & Solutions
➢ Tab Bending

Swash Plate & Support Assy (Lesson 05 - i)

➢ General
➢ Swash Plate Drive Assy
➢ Main Rotor Mast

Transmission (Lesson 05 – ii)

➢ General
➢ Top Case Internal Components
➢ Top Case
➢ Debris Collector
➢ Ring Gear
➢ Planetary Assy
➢ Sun Gear
➢ TX’ Main Case & Internal Components
➢ Main Case
➢ Input Gear shaft & Input bevel gear
➢ Lower Mast Bearing Support
➢ Main Input Quill
➢ Gear Reduction
➢ Mounts

Transmission Oil System (Lesson 06)

➢ Oil System Schematic

➢ TX Oil filter housing assy
➢ Oil Filter
➢ Oil Temperature bulb
➢ Oil Bypass Valve
➢ Oil Thermo Switch
➢ Oil Pump, Inlet Screen, & Electric chip detector
➢ Oil Cooler

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Power Train (Lesson 07)

➢ Main Drive Shaft

➢ Free Wheeling Unit
➢ Tail Rotor Drive System
➢ Oil Cooler

Tail Rotor (Lesson 08)

➢ Tail Rotor (T/R) Hub & Blade Assy

➢ T/R Components
➢ Cross head
➢ Knurled Nut
➢ Balance Wheel
➢ Static Strip
➢ Rubber Bumper
➢ Blades
➢ Yoke
➢ Pitch Horn
➢ Gearbox General
➢ T/R Gearbox Components
✓ Vented Filler Cap
✓ Chip Detector Assy
✓ Sight Glass
➢ T/R Pitch change mechanism

Flight Controls (Lesson 09)

➢ General
➢ Collective Pith Controls, Lever & Jack Shaft
➢ Cyclic Control, cyclic stick, yoke, Mixing Lever
➢ T/R Controls, Pedal Friction adjustments

Hydraulic System (Lesson 10)

➢ General
➢ Hydraulic System Schematic
✓ System Bleeding
✓ Pump & Reservoir
✓ Pressure regulating valve
✓ Filter element
✓ Solenoid valve
✓ Servo Actuator & Support
✓ Cyclic & Collective Servo Actuators
✓ Cylinder Assy
✓ Rod end Assy
✓ Servo Head Assy

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✓ Servo Valve
✓ Sequence Valve
✓ Thermal Relief Valve
✓ Differential Pressure relief valve
➢ Input Linkage

Fuel Storage System (Lesson 11)

➢ Purpose of airframe fuel system

➢ Airframe Fuel System Components
✓ Boost Pumps
✓ Fuel Shutoff Valve
✓ Fuel Pressure Transducer
✓ Electrical Fuel Sump Drain System
✓ Airframe Fuel Filter
➢ Fuel Capacity of Bell 212
➢ Fuel Quantity Indicating System
➢ Limitations
➢ Airframe Fuel System Malfunctions

Engine

Turning Engine General (Lesson 1)

➢ Introduction
✓ History
✓ Working Cycle of a turbine Engine
✓ Thrust Distribution
✓ Performance
➢ Main Components of a Turbine Engine
✓ Intakes
✓ Compressor
• Axial Compressors
• Centrifugal Compressors
• Compressor Stall & Serge
• Combustion Chambers
• Burners
• Ignition Systems
• Turbines
• Exhaust Systems

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Allison 250-C20B Engine Introduction (Lesson 02)

➢ Introduction
Model Name
✓ Type of engine
✓ Compressor
✓ Type of combustion chamber
✓ Turbines available
➢ Direction references – Front/Rear Top/Bottom, Right/Left, Direction Rotation,
Accessories Rotation
➢ Compressor & Turbine stages numbering
➢ Main Bearing Numbering
➢ Main Sections – Cold/Hot
➢ Major Assemblies – Compressor Combustion, Turbine, Accessory Gearbox.

Compressor Assay (Lesson 03 - i)

➢ Compressor Front Support

➢ Compressor Case
➢ Diffuser Scroll
➢ Front Diffuser
➢ Rear Diffuser
➢ Rotor
➢ Rotor Bearings
➢ Bleed Valve Position, Function, Operation Anti-Icing System

Combustion Assy (Lesson 03 - ii)

➢ Location
➢ Fabrication
➢ Discharge Air Tubes
➢ Combustion Liner
➢ Outer Case
➢ Burner Drain Valve
➢ Ignition Plugs
➢ Fuel Nozzles

Turbine Assy (Lesson 04)

➢ Gas Producer Turbine Assy

✓ Turbine Support
✓ Turbines
✓ Bearings
➢ Power Turbine Assy
✓ Turbine Support
✓ Turbines
✓ Bearings

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➢ Coupling between Gas Producer & Power Turbine

➢ Turbine Cooling

Accessory Gearbox Assy (Lesson 05)

➢ Gearbox Housing
➢ Gearbox Cover
➢ Gas Producer Gear Train
➢ Power Turbine Gear Train
➢ Components housed in the Assesory G/B Torque Meter Operation

Lubrication System (Lesson 06)

➢ Purpose of the Engine Lubrication System

➢ Major Components of the Lubrication System
✓ Oil Reservoir
✓ Single Element Pressure Pump
✓ Four Element Scavenge Pump
✓ Filter Assembly & Pressure Regulating Valve
✓ Pressure Transducer & Temperature Sensor
✓ Oil Cooler
➢ By Pass Valves
➢ Chip Detectors
➢ Operation of Engine Lubrications System
➢ Tq indication System limitations
➢ Malfunctions, cockpit indications & corrective actions

Fuel System (Lesson 07)

➢ Purpose
➢ Major Components
✓ Fuel Pump Assy
✓ Gas Producer Fuel Control
✓ Fuel Section
✓ Scheduling Section
✓ Overspend Section
✓ Check Valve Assy & accumulator
➢ Power Turbine Governor
➢ Air Accumulators
➢ Fuel Nozzles

Engine Electrical Systems (Lesson 08)

➢ Ignition System
➢ TOT Indicating System
➢ Start Counter

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Electrical

Electrical System (Lesson 01)

➢ Purpose of the Electrical Power System

➢ Primary power used in Bell 206
➢ System Operation

Electrical System (Lesson 02)

➢ Starter System
➢ Battery/External Power System
➢ Major components & their characteristics & function
✓ Starter Generator
✓ Over voltage Sensing Relay
✓ Generator Filed Reset Relay
✓ Load meter
✓ Voltage Regulator
✓ Reverse Current Relay
✓ Starter Relay
➢ DC Power Distribution, Cockpit Indications, Protection & System Controls
➢ Actions in the event of a DC electrical system malfunction

Avionics

Avionics (Lesson 01)

➢ Inter-Communication
➢ Communication Radios
✓ Location
✓ Type
✓ Frequency Range
✓ Controls
✓ RX, TX Procedure
➢ Navigation Radios
✓ Type
✓ Frequency Range
➢ Controls

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BASIC HELICOPTER CONVERSATION (BELL 206) – AIR EXERCISES

1. Familiarization
2. Effects of Controls
3. Speed and Power changes
4. Level flight, Turns, Climbing Descending, and Coordinated turns.
5. Hovering
6. Take off & Landing
7. Basic Autorotation
8. Basic Transitions
9. Circuits
10. Circuits Emergencies and Malfunction
11. Sideways & Backwards Flying
12. Turns in the Hover
13. Engine Off Landing
14. Advanced Auto
15. Practice Forced Laning
16. Low flying
17. Quick Stop
18. Navigation
19. Advanced Transitions
20. Down Wind Transitions
21. Slope Landings
22. Confined Area Ops
23. Tail Rotor Failures
24. Night Flying
25. Mountain Flying
26. Formation Flying.

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BELL 206 J/R FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS

Sortie Total
Ex No Dual Solo Remarks
No Hrs
1 1 0.45 - 0.45 Familiarization

2 2 0.45 - 1.30 Effects of Controls

3 3 1.00 - 2.30 Speed and Power changes + Hovering

Level flight, Turns, Climbing
4 4 1.00 - 3.30 Descending, Coordinated turns +
Hovering
5 5 1.00 - 4.30 Hovering
6 6 0.45 - 5.15 Hovering, Take off & landing
7 8+9 1.00 - 6.15 Basic transitions & Circuits
8 7 1.00 - 7.15 Basic Autorotation
9 7+9 0.45 - 8.00 Basic Autorotation + Circuits

10 8+9 1.00 - 9.00 Basic transition & Circuits

Circuits, Circuits emergencies should
11 9 1.00 - 10.00 demonstrated & practiced before
Solo
Circuits, Circuits emergencies should
demonstrated & practiced before Solo
12+13 9+10 0.30 0.30 11.00
Dual check to ensure safe departure
arrival in dispersal.
Circuits Consolidation, Proficiency in
14+15 7+9 1.00 0.45 12.45
Basic Auto’s
16+17 11 0.45 0.45 14.15 Sideways & Backwards flying

18+19 12 0.45 0.45 15.45 Turns in the Hover

9+11+1
20+21 1.00 1.00 17.45 Revision
2
Advanced Auto’s, Low RRPM recov-
22+23 14 1.00 1.00 19.45
ery
24+25 14 1.00 1.00 21.45 Advance Auto’s

26+27 14 1.00 1.00 23.45 Advance Auto’s

EOL’s (Should not be practiced in Solo
28+29 13+14 1.00 1.00 25.45
advanced Auto’s for solo)

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30 MCC 1.00 - 26.45 Mid-Course Check

31+32 15 1.00 1.00 28.45 Practice Forced Landings

33+34 16+17 1.00 1.00 30.45 Quick Stops + Low Flying

35 18 1.30 32.15 Trg Nav 1

36+37 18 1.30 1.30 35.15 Trg Nav ii (Practice Diversion)

38+39 19 1.00 1.00 37.15 Advanced Transitions (into wind)

Advanced Transitions (into wind + De
40+41 19+20 0.45 0.45 38.45
wind)
42+43 21 0.45 0.45 40.15 Slope Landings

44+45 22 1.00 1.00 42.15 Confined Area Ops

46+47 22 1.00 1.00 44.15 Confined Area Ops

48 23 0.45 - 45.00 Tail Rotor Failures

49 24 1.00 46.00 Instrument Flying

50 25 0.45 - 46.45 Night Flying

Night Flying (Constant Attd EOL De
50+51 25 1.00 0.45 48.30
Auto’s should not be practiced in Solo)
52+53 26 4.00 1.00 53.30 Mountain Flying

54 26 0.45 - 54.15 Formation Flying

55+56 26 0.45 0.45 55.45 Formation Flying

57+58 1-26 1.00 1.00 57.45 Revision

59+60 1-26 1.00 1.00 59.45 Revision

61+62 1-26 1.00 1.00 61.45 Revision

63 1.15 63.00 FHT

Total 41.45 21.15 63

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BELL 212 GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS

BELL 212 TECHNICAL SYLLABUS

Electrical

Electrical systems (Lesson 01-I)

➢ General
➢ Major DC components, their characteristics & function
✓ Battery
• General
• Cockpit Controls
• Battery Bypass System
• Power Distribution
• Cockpit indications
• Battery Temp Warning Light
✓ Non-Essential Buses
✓ External Power
✓ Engine Starting & Starter Limits
✓ Single Generator Operation
✓ Generator Assisted Start
✓ Dual Generator Operation
✓ DC Control Units
➢ DC Electrical Systems Malfunctions
✓ DC Generator Caution Light
✓ GEN OVHT Caution Light
✓ Dual Generator Failure
✓ Essential Bus Failures
✓ Non- Essential Bus Failure

Electrical Systems (Lesson 01-II)

➢ Major AC components, their characteristics & function
✓ Inverters
• System Controls
• Sensing Relays
• Bus control Relay
• Functional Check
➢ AC Electrical Systems Malfunctions

Electrical Systems (Lesson 01-III)

➢ General
➢ Interior Lighting
✓ Cockpit lighting
✓ Instrument panel lights
• Overhead Console
• Pedestal & CAT Lights
• Approach Plate & Map Lights

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• Pilot’s & Copilot’s Cockpit Lights

• Secondary instrument Lights
✓ Pax and Cargo area Lighting
• Pax cabin Lighting
• Pax Warning lights
• Baggage Compartment Lights
➢ Exterior lighting
✓ Position Lights
✓ Anti-Collision Lights
✓ Landing & Search Light
• Position hazard when using Ldg/Search Lights
✓ Utility Lights

Caution warning system (Lesson 04)

➢ General
➢ Caution Panel
➢ Other Caution/Warning Lights
✓ Engine Fire
✓ Engine Out
✓ Baggage Compartment Fire
✓ RRPM
✓ Optional Equipment
➢ Master Caution Lights
➢ Caution Panel Switches
✓ Test-reset Switch
✓ Bright-Dim Switch
➢ Caution/Warning. Electrical supply System (From where power is taken, how
power is distributed & circuit protection)
➢ Power Monitoring system Test Switches
➢ Master Caution Test Switch

Airframe

Airframe fuel system (Lesson 01)

➢ General
➢ Types of usable Fuel
➢ Airframe Fuel System
✓ Fuel storage
✓ Fuel capacity
✓ Fuel consumption & C of G
✓ Lower fuel components
• Fuel boost Pump
• Fuel Flow Switch
• Fuel Eject Pump
• Fuel Float Switch
• Fuel System Drains
• Fuel Sump Drain Valves
• Miscellaneous Drains
• Baffle

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• Flapper Valves
➢ Upper Fuel Cell
➢ Interconnection
✓ Fuel Valve
✓ Fuel Valve Caution Panel Light
✓ Fire Pull Handle
✓ Fuel Pressure Gage
✓ Fuel Cross-feed Valve
✓ Fuel inter connecter Valve
✓ Fuel Quantity indicating system
• Fuel Quantity Probes
• Fuel Qty Selector Switch
• Fuel Qty Gauge
➢ Fuel System Operation
➢ Airframe fuel System Malfunctions
✓ Boost Pump Malfunction
✓ Boost Pump Failure Check
✓ Fuel or X feed Valve Malfunctions
✓ Emergency Engine Shutdown
➢ Fuel Leaks & Fuel Contamination

Air management system (Lesson 02)

➢ General
➢ System Operation
➢ Controls & Indications
➢ Emergency System Operation
➢ Ground Checks

Ice & Rain protection (Lesson 02)

➢ General
➢ Pilot Tube & Static Port
➢ Anti-icing Systems
➢ Windshield Wiper System
✓ Windshield wiper installation
✓ Windshield wiper controls
➢ Defrosting & Defogging Systems
✓ Windshield Defrosting System
✓ Windshield Defrosting System
➢ Cockpit Ventilation System
➢ Vent Blower Operation

Fire protection (Lesson 03)

➢ General
➢ Engine Fire Protection Systems
✓ Fire Detection System Operation
✓ Engine Fire Extinguishing System
✓ Fire Extinguisher Agent Bottles
✓ Fire Extinguisher Manifolds
✓ Fire Pull Handles
✓ Fire Extinguisher Electrical Power & system actuation

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➢ Baggage Compartment Fire Detection System

✓ Smoke Detection System
✓ System Operation
✓ System Test
✓ Portable Fire Extinguishers

Power train (Lesson 04)

➢ General
➢ Main Drive Shaft
➢ Main Transmission
✓ Transmission Mounting
✓ Transmission Operation
➢ Main Transmission Power Acceptance & Output
➢ Transmission Lubrication System & System Operation
➢ Chip Detector System Operation
➢ Tail Rotor Drive System
➢ Intermediate Gearbox
➢ Tail Rotor Gearbox

Main rotor (Lesson 05)

➢ General
➢ Rotor Blade Movements
✓ Blade Pitch Change or Feathering
✓ Blade Flapping
➢ Rotor Hub
➢ RRPM Gauge Indications & limits
➢ Main Rotor Blades
✓ Dimensions
✓ Structure
✓ M/R RPM Warning Devices
✓ RRPM Caution Light
✓ Low RRPM Audio Warning System
✓ Tie Downs
➢ Limitations
✓ On Ground
✓ In Flight
✓ Power On Flight RRPM Limits
✓ Power OFF Flight RRPM Limits

Tail rotor (Lesson 06)

➢ General
➢ Hub Assembly
➢ Blades
✓ Structure
✓ Dimensions
➢ Pitch Change Mechanism
➢ Malfunctions

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Hydraulic power system (Lesson 07)

➢ General
➢ Flight Control Hydraulic Systems
✓ Components
• Reservoir
• Pump
• Integrated Valve & Filter Assy
• Pressure Relief Valve
• Solenoid Valve
• Pressure Sensing
• Return Fluid Shut Off Valve
• Plumbing
• Servo Actuators & Op
• Return Filter
• Temperature Bulb
• Temperature Switch
➢ Malfunctions
✓ System failure
✓ Hydraulic Fluid Temperature
➢ Main Rotor Brake Hydraulic System
✓ Operation
✓ Rotor Brake Use
➢ Rotor Brake Malfunctions

Engine

General (Lesson 01)

➢ General Engine Operation
➢ Power Plane Performance
✓ SHP Limits
➢ Power Plant Controls
➢ Engine Section
✓ Gas Producer Section
✓ Power Turbine Section
✓ Combining Gearbox
➢ Engine Indicating Systems
✓ N1 Gauges
✓ RPM Warning & Control Unit
✓ ITT Gauges
✓ N2 RPM Indications
✓ Torque indications
✓ Torque-meter malfunctions
Engine systems (Lesson 02)
➢ Air Systems
✓ Engine Inlet Air
✓ Compressor Air
✓ Engine Bleed Air
➢ Fuel System
✓ Oil-to-Fuel Heat Exchanger

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✓ Engine Fuel Filter

✓ Engine Fuel Pump
✓ Engine Fuel Controls Systems
✓ Flow Divider & Dump Valve
➢ Ignition System

Lubrication systems (Lesson 03)

➢ Engine Lubrication System
✓ Engine Oil Sump
✓ Engine Oil Pumps
✓ Engine Oil Filter
✓ Engine Oil Cooler
✓ System Operation
✓ Eng. Oil indicating systems
• Oil Pressure Gauge
• Oil Temp. Gauge
• OIL PRESSURE Caution
• ENG CHIP Caution Light
✓ Eng. Oil System Limitations
✓ Oil System Malfunctions

➢ C’ Box Lubrication System

✓ C’ Box Oil Sump
✓ C’ Box Oil Pump
✓ C’ Box Oil Filter
✓ C’ Box Oil Cooler
✓ System Operation
✓ C’ Box Oil Indicating Systems
• Oil Pressure Gauge
• Oil Temp. Gauge
• CBOX OIL PRESS Caution
• ENG CHIP Caution Light
• CBOX OIL TEMP Caution
• CHIP CBOX Caution
➢ Hour-Meter
➢ C’ BOX Oil Sys Limitations
➢ Malfunctions

Engine fuel control systems (Lesson 08)

➢ General
➢ Fuel Control Components
➢ Fuel Control Operation
✓ Automatic Fuel Ctl Op
• Starting
• N2 Governing
• N2 Governor Controls
• N2 Governor Op

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• System Op
✓ Torque Control Unit
• Operation
• Torque Balancing
• Torque Limiting
✓ Normal FCU & TCU Op
✓ Engine Failure
✓ Fuel Control Malfunctions
• Determining the type of FCU Failure
• Low-side FCU Failure
• High-side FCU Failure
• Determining the affected engine
• Corrective Procedures
o High-Side causes & corrective actions
o Low-Side causes & corrective actions
➢ Manual Fuel Control Op

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BELL 212 FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS

Sortie Ex No Dual Solo Total Remarks

No Hrs
Famil Effects of Controls, Spd & Pwr changes
1 1–6 1.00 - 1.00 Level Flt/Climbing & Descending turns
Hovering T/O & Ldg
Sideways, Backwards, Turns in the Hover,
2 7 – 10 1.00 - 2.00 Transitions, Circuits
3 10 1.00 - 3.00 Circuits
4 10–14 1.00 - 4.00 Circuits, Emergencies
5 10–14 1.00 - 5.00 Circuits, Emergencies
6+7 10–15 1.00 0.30 6.30 Solo Chk + First Solo
CCT Consolidation (Emergencies should not be
8+9 10–14 1.00 1.00 8.30
practiced in solo flights)
10 + 11 16(I) 1.00 1.00 10.30 Advanced Auto’s
12 + 13 16(II) 1.00 1.00 12.30 Advanced Auto’s
14+15 17+18 1.00 1.00 14.30 Low Flying + Quick Stops
16+17 19 0.45 1.00 16.15 PFL’s
18+19 20(I) 1.00 1.00 18.15 Advance Transition
20+21 20(II) 1.00 1.00 20.15 Advance Transition
22+23 21 0.45 0.45 21.45 Slop Landing
24+25 22 1.00 1.00 23.45 Confined area Ops
26 23 1.00 - 24.45 Max all up Wt Ops
27+28 24 1.00 - 25.45 Cat ‘A’ Ops
29 25 1.00 - 26.45 N/F
30+31 25 1.00 1.00 28.45 N/F
32 26A 1.15 - 30.00 Navigation I
Navigation II (Low Level)
33+34 26B/2 6C 1.00 1.00 32.00
Navigation III (Low Level)
35+36 26D/2 6E 1.00 1.00 34.00
37 36A 1.00 - 35.00 Navigation IV (Night)
38+39 27 2.00 1.00 38.00 Mountain Flying
40+41 28 1.00 1.00 40.00 Formation Flying
42 29 1.00 41.00 Instrument Flying
43 29 A 1.00 - 42.00 GH+ Redial Interception
44 29 B 1.00 - 43.00 Redial Interception/NDB Let Downs
45 29 C 1.00 - 44.00 PFLs/NDB Let Downs
46 29 D 1.00 - 45.00 PFLs/NDB Let Downs
47 29 E 1.00 - 46.00 UPs/GPS Let Downs
48 29 F 1.00 - 47.00 UPs/GPS Let Downs

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GPS/NDB Let Downs/OLE

49 29 G 1.00 - 48.00
50 29 H 1.30 - 49.30 IRT
51 30 0.45 - 50.15 Under slung Load Ops
52 31 0.30 - 50.45 Winch Ops
53 32 0.45 - 51.30 Bambi Bucket Ops
Revision I (Gov Manual Startup)
54+55 Rev 1.00 1.00 53.30
56+57 Rev 1.00 1.00 55.30 Revision II (Eng Air Startup)
58 Rev - 1.00 56.30 Revision
59 FHT 1.15 - 57.45
Total 40.30 17.15 57.45

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BELL 412 GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS

1. A/C General

- Fuselage Structure
- Elevators
- Aircraft Systems
• Electrical Power Systems
• Power Train
• Main Rotor
• Avionics
- Parking and Mooring
- Areas, weights and capacities
• Air Frame
• Main Rotor / Tail Rotor
• Engine
• Transmission Rating
• Weights
• Fuel
• Engine/Transmission Oil
• Cargo Area
• Cargo door opening
- Limitations
• Weight / C of G
• Loading
• Operating
• Air Speed
- Indicator Marking

2. Electrical Power Systems

- DC/AC power
- Distribution
- Circuit Protection
- System Controls
- Cockpit Controls and Indications
• Overhead console
• System Controls
• Gauges

- DC System Operations
• Battery
• Nonessential power
• Engine Starting
• DC control limits
• DC Electrical System malfunctions

- A/C System operation

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• Inverters
• Power Distribution
• Operation
• A/C Electrical and system malfunctions

- Emergency load switch operation

3. Power Plant

- Power plant performance and control

- Limitations

4. Power Train

- Main transmission
• Transmission Mounting
• Transmission Operation
• Transmission power acceptance and output
• Transmission lubrication system
- Main Drive shaft

5. Flight Controls

- AFCS
• Collective/Cyclic /Pedals / auto servo system
• Modes of operation/Malfunctions
- Aerodynamic Elevator

6. Main Rotor

- General
- How Rotor blade movements are achieved
• Feathering
• Flapping
• Dragging
- Rotor Hub
- Main Rotor System Operations
• Droop Restrainers
• Cyclic Centre caution light
• RRRM range, Markings
• Pendulum Dampers
- Main Rotor Blades
- Main RRRM warning Devices
- Main Rotor Ground Handling
- Engine Cool Down
- Engine/Rotor Shutdown
- Engine/Rotor Tie down
- M/R Blade folding
- Limitations

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• On ground
• In-flight

7. Avionics

- Communication Radios
- Nav Radios
• VOR operation
• ILS Operation
• DME
• ADF
- Radio Altimeter
- ATC Transponder
- HSI
- ADI
- WX Rader

Bell 412 EP

Ground School
- General
• Modifications up to EP
- Electrical System
• Emergency load switch operation

- Master warning system

• Caution panel
• Other caution/warning lights
• Master caution lights
• Caution panel switches
• Electrical power supply system

- Fuel System
• A/F fuel system components
• Fuel system drains
• Fuel cell inter-connection
• Fuel Qty indicating system
• Fuel Barn sequence
• Normal system operation
• Fuel system malfunctions
• Leaks and contamination

- Power Plant
• Power plant improvements
• Power plant controls
• Power plant operation
• Engine torque limiting

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- Engine indicating systems

• N1
• RPM box
• ITT
• N2
• Torque indications
• T.C.U
- Environmental System
• Component/location
• Limitations
• Malfunctions
- Dual flight director system
• FD components
• FD Operation
• FD limitations
• FD Malfunctions

- Power Train
• Mast Tq sensing system

- Misc
• Digital Clock

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BELL 412/412EP FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS

Sortie Ex Hours
Dual Solo
1 1 - Familiarisation 0.30 -

2 5-10 0.45 -
3 11-15,16,18 1.00
3+4 11-16+17 0.45 0.30
5+6 18-24 1.00 1.00
7+8 GH 1.00 1.00
9+10 27 0.45 .030
10 Dual Check 1.00 -
11+12 GH 412 EP conv 1.00 0.30
Total Flying Hours 7.45 3.30

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MI-17 HELICOPTER GROUND SCHOOL SYLLABUS

Day Subject Description Instructor

01ST Air Frame MI 17 Helicopter General description A
Engine TV3-117 VM Engine general description B
02ND Air Frame Main Rotor & tail rotor system A
Electrical Electrical power supply sources of the MI-17 B
03RD Air Frame Helicopter control system D
Engine Engine oil & breathing system A
04TH Air Frame Air frame fuel system D
Engine Engine fuel system E
05TH Air Frame Hydraulic system D
Engine AC Power & DC power supply system E
06TH Engine A1-9B APU General description A
Electrical AC Power supply system B
07TH Air Frame Helicopter fire system A
Instrument Flying instruments F
08TH Electrical Aircraft lighting system E
Instrument Engine instrument F
09TH Air Frame Pneumatic system C
Engine A1-9B APU oil & fuel system A
10TH Air Frame Landing gear system C
Instrument Auto pilot B
11TH Air Frame Power train system D
Engine Free turbine protection sys & gas temp limiting system B
Air Frame Main gearbox oil system A
Engine KO-50 heater D
12TH Air Frame Anti-Icing system B
Engine Engine dust protection system C

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13TH Radio VHF & HF system ADF & Doppler system, Cockpit Voice B & F
Recorder, Audio Warning System, Flight data recorder

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MI-17 HELICOPTER FLYING TRAINING SYLLABUS

Sortie Ex No Dual Solo Total Remarks

No Hrs
1 1–5 0.45 - 0.45 Familiarization and achieve competency in
basic maneuvers in the helicopter.
2+3 5 – 10 1.30 - 2.15 Achieve proficiency in close to ground
operations. Introduction to circuit.
4 10 0.45 - 3.00 Circuits with and without auto pilot.

5 10 - 11 1.00 - 4.00 Circuit consolidation to include run on take off

and landing with & without auto pilot.
6 12 - 14 1.00 - 5.00 Circuit emergencies & Autorotation.

7 15 - 0.30 5.30 First Captaincy on type

8+9 16–19 1.00 1.00 7.30 Quick stops, low flying & sloping ground
10+11 19 - 20 1.00 1.00 9.30 Sloping ground & confined area
12 22 1.00 - 10.30 Instrument Flying
13 -15 23 1.30 1.00 13.00 Night flying circuits including emergencies
16 21 0.45 - 13.45 Max All up weight operations including
emergencies with & without auto pilot.
17+18 18+24 2.45 0.30 17.00 Navigation & Mountain Flying

19 26+27 0.30 - 17.30 Winch & Under-slung operation

20+21 Rev 1.00 1.00 19.30 Revision
22 FHT 1.00 - 20.30 FHT
Total 15.30 5.00 20.30

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