tons, which is exchanged for a light dough for ironing.

The construction of the plots requires, as auxiliary

equipment, an excavator and a front loader.

The masses, which are commonly used, are made of steel, generally of hexagonal section, and of
"punching" geometry to be able to direct the energy directly on the column that is constructed.

Material

The material used for the making of the granular piles be selected every project in function of the local
availability. In general, it is of granular type without select (fines percentage < 15%). However, we have
made a great number of projects with a lot variety material among which include debris material
(dimensions between 400-600mm).

4.4.1.2 Procedure

i. Preliminary.

It should have a work platform that must be flat, horizontal, drained and stable so that all the movements
of all the machines that will intervene in the dynamic replacement (material gondolas, cranes, front
loaders and excavators), are carried out, in any moment, safely and free of all obstacles on the ground.
It is advisable to have a geotextile that functions as a separation layer between the materials that make
up the natural terrain and the granular filling of the new work platform, this in order to prevent the
thickness of the new platform from decreasing due to the penetration of the latter in the natural terrain.

ii. Calibration.

A calibration will be carried out for the construction of each plot before starting the series work. As a
recommendation, it is suggested that the sea calibration zone of 25.0 x 25.0 m, in order to optimize the
following parameters, depending on the behavior of the soil:

 Execution logistics.
 Mass drop height.
 Number of strokes per plot.
 Energy.
 Volume of material to be incorporated in each plot.

Calibration zone (test zone), the following parameters are taken into account:

 Representative location (suggested area of 25.0 x 25.0 m).

 Free access.
 There should be no vegetation or obstacle.
 Stable work platform at least 1.50 m above the water level.
 The location of the four corners (grid).
 Sufficiently far from a sensitive construction or structure.

Subsequently, during the production process, adjustments to the parameters can also be made
depending on the behavior of the filler material and the energy applied.

iii. Location reference plots.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 41 / 162
 Photo 47 - Dynamic Replacement Plots Referencing

The Project Manager / Team Leader will instruct the surveyor to location reference within the area
where he is going to work. The surveyor then draws sections within the work area by locating reference
points in a given area; subsequently, the location of the plots that are within the area delimited by the
references is plotted with the help of a tape measure.

iv. Pre-excavation.

Photo 48 - Dynamic Replacement Pre-excavation

Depending on the behavior of the soil it will be necessary or not to carry out a pre-excavation, up to
the depth of the project or as far as the soil allows. Once the pre-excavation is done, some granular
material is added in order to start the construction of the plot.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 42 / 162
 v. Plot Construction

Photo 49 - Dynamic Replacement Construction Sequence, #1

The operator positions the mass on the point of the element to be built, and then proceeds to plot
from the work platform level.

The operator lifts the mass to the defined height and drops it to the center of the plot. This is repeated
several times in order to insert the granular material into the soil to the desired depth and compact it.
As the granular material is compacted, and it penetrates the ground, more material is added, in order
to complete the column up to the work platform level. Occasionally, if the walls of the excavation are
unstable, the necessary material may be added to fill the pre-excavation and achieve containment, and
then compact the latter with sufficient blows given by the mass. The input material is transported with
the help of a front loader.

Photo 50 - Dynamic Replacement Construction Sequence, #2

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 43 / 162
 Photo 51 - Dynamic Replacement Ironing Stage

At the end of the dynamic substitution, you should hit on the area that has already been treated, which
consists of hitting the entire surface with a light mass (hit mass) and thus terminating the treatment.

4.4.2. Off Shore Soil Improvement: Q1/T1 & Q2 (Slope Stability)

Cutter Soil Mixing Technology (“CSM”) was developed by the SOLETANCE BACHY GROUP and other
partners in 2004. The CSM soil improvement technique has now been in operation for 15 years with
excelling results both technically and economically.

The JV’s alternative solution entails soil improvement that is envisaged as depicted below and a
footprint as per the following:

 Starting at the edge of Berth 5 and extending North for approximately for 144 meters along the
future Berth 6, with average width of 95 meters and average depth of 9,50 meters;
 At the transition slope from Berth 5 to Berth 6, a 75-meter long and 10-meter wide stretch, with
4,00 meters’ average depth.

Photo 52 - CSM Soil Improvement Footprint

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 44 / 162
 Photo 53 - CSM Soil Improvement Transverse Section at Q1/T1 & Q2

The total volume of soil to be improved shall be around 132 885 m3 with a substitution ratio of 23%,
thus the effective CSM treatment shall be around 30 560 m3. The CSM treatment shall be done
executed as per the following geometrical parameters, as depicted in the picture below:

 Panel width: 0,90 meters;

 Panel length: 2,80 meters;
 Max square grid dimensions: 7,50m x 7,50m

Photo 54 - CSM treatment Panel Grid

As per what is shown above, the geometry of the exiting slope under Bert 6 at Q1 and Q2 together with
the fact that T1 is around the same level as Berth Terminal platform and that the stretch of slope from
the back of Q2 to shore is a natural under water slope, demands that CSM soil improvement be
executed by two separate workshops in parallel, using two IKIA LHDCM Rigs together with
complementary land-based and marine-based support resources.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 45 / 162
4.4.2.1 Resources

4.4.2.1.1 COMMON RESOURCES

Mixing Tool

Photo 55 - CSM Mixing Tool

IKIA LHDCM Rig

Photo 56 - IKIA Rig Datasheet, #1

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 46 / 162
IKIA CSM Compact is the last generation of compact Soil mixing, designed and manufactured by
Soletanche Bachy, following requirements for a compact low headroom. CSM is a 40-m deep
excavating machine and its hydraulic power comes from an external power pack that can be mounted
on a carriage platform (tracks).

The CSM will be associated with the cement plant and Injection cement pump.

In addition to the usual cutter facilities, CSM is equipped with a translation (800 mm), a parallelogram
boom, a 360° turning table and the Kelly will be equipped with a turning head to allow the cutter to be
correctly positioned.

Base Carrier Dimensions

Photo 56 - IKIA Rig Datasheet, #1

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 47 / 162
 Photo 57 - IKIA Power Pack Configuration

4.4.2.1.1 LAND-BASED RESOURCES

Additional to the IKIA LHDCM Rig the following land-based resources shall be required to adequately
perform the required soil improvement.

Photo 58 - CSM Land-based support Set-up

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 48 / 162
 4.4.2.1.1 MARINE-BASED RESOURCES

One of the IKIA LHDCM Rigs and other plant such as cement silos, mixer plants and diverse pumps,
shall be mounted on dedicated flat top barge for maritime works purpose, as per the below
configuration.

This specially designed barge shall be equipped with Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System
(RTK-GPS) for positioning purposes and with a double silt curtain for spoil and turbidity control.

Photo 59 - CSM Marine-based support Set-up

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 49 / 162
4.4.2.2 Construction Sequence and Methodology

4.4.2.2.1 LAND-BASED CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

Positioning of Soil improvement rigs

For the positioning of the Soil Improvement panels a full area survey shall be done to optimize and
match land and marine grids and allow the positioning of said Soil Improvement panels. Panel setting
out shall be done by topographically set pegs or by a Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System
(RTK-GPS) units which has the following advantages:

 Not affected by weather conditions;

 Operated at Real-time manners;
 Fully automatics;
 Easy in operation and installations;
 High accuracy (about 3 cm deviation in general).

CSM panels execution technique

 Drilling (called mix-down phase) with bentonite mud delivery from platform level. Estimated mud
volume needed 1,750 litres of bentonite per linear meter of CSM panel (section 2.80m x 1.20m);
 Bentonite slurry is to be prepared and stored for maturation during at least 12 hours. Target
Marsh viscosity = 40-45 seconds. Target density = 1.02 / 1.03;
 Once bottom of treatment zone is reached, withdrawal (called mix-up phase) with incorporation
of cement grout. Estimated volume = 790 litres of grout per linear meter of CSM panel (section
2.80m x 1.20m);
 Cement grout W/C ratio is estimated to be 0.667;
 Target density = 1.67.

The CSM tool can be divided into 3 different parts: 2 cutting wheels, a set of grout nozzles and a set of
shear blades. These shear blades are located in between the wheels, on a fixed and rigid support.

Each of the cutting wheel is powered by an embedded hydraulic motor and carries two symmetrical
drums. Each of these drums is equipped with a set of teeth on the tip of mixing blades.

For a cutting section of 2 800mm x 900mm; the cutting head is made of: 2 hydraulic motors powering 4
no. of drums. Each drum carries 6 rows of 3 mixing blades each. Each drum processes a set of 5
scrapers for a total of 20 scrapers on the cutting head.

Photo 60 - Mixing Tool Detail

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 50 / 162
 Treatment sequence

Associated construction sequence is parallel walls made of Primary/secondary panels. Secondary

panels are foreseen to bite over a minimum of 300mm into primaries on each side. Secondary panels
shall be installed no sooner than at least 12 hours after completion of both primaries.

4.4.2.2.2 MARINE-BASED CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

Barge Positioning

For the working in marine conditions, the positioning of the LHDCM barge for the installation of panels
is relied on the information provided by the Real Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS)
units.

Working of the GPS system

 The GPS system is a system using the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) function of deliberate survey
GPS receivers to measure continuously the position and direction of the LHDCM vessels;
 It contains a fixed base station and a mobile station with 2 receiving antennas in the working
barges. Observation data for of the longitude and latitude is transmitted between the stations
and the computer software in the GPS unit will convert these coordinate date and calculate the
deviation and the orientation of the working barge and displayed it in the monitor so that the
accurate position of the working barge can be get.

Setting up of the stations

 Set up the fixed base station on shore nearby the construction site consisting of GPS unit,
antenna, receivers, transmitting antenna and transmitter;
 Fix the mobile station on working barge consisting of GPS unit, antenna, receivers, tow set of
receiving antennas and receiver.

Positioning Procedure

Photo 61 - GPS Setting

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 51 / 162
 Photo 62 - Barge Positioning Sequence

CSM panels execution

Photo 64 - CSM Panels Installation Sequence, #1

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 52 / 162
 Photo 65 - CSM Panels Installation Sequence, #2

Silt Curtain

The barge shall be equipped with primary and secondary silt curtain systems as part of the emergency
mitigation measures if adverse in-situ environmental results are recorded during the works.

The primary silt curtain system shall be set up containing the area of the cutting tool, and the secondary
system shall be installed in a bigger area containing the entire barge if necessary. As shown below, the
primary system entails an enclosed “Box type” steel platform. This entire structure is attached to the
barge and surrounds the cutting tool.

The secondary silt curtain is composed of multiple wire ropes and fixtures around the edge of the deck.

Photo 66 - Silt Curtain Systems Set-up

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 53 / 162
 4.4.2.2.3 COMMON PROCEDURES

Cement slurry flowchart

Photo 67 - Cement Flow Chart for the Installation of CSM Panels

Monitoring System of CSM Panel Installation

The IKIA rig is equipped with a computerized monitoring system which is employed to guarantee high
quality production of panels, and to control all stages from execution to daily report generation. Batching
and injection parameters are controlled by computer and are present to provide a pre-selected volume
ratio and cement factor, which is closely related to shaft penetration rate. In turn, these data are
automatically recorded and displayed, with visual confirmation to the rig operator that they are within
the pre-selected parametric range. Full construction records are automatically generated for each panel
for all salient drilling and injection parameters.

The monitoring system is composed of a sensor section and execution management section. The
sensor section includes sensor detectors for depth, verticality, penetration and withdrawal speed,
volume of slurry discharge, wheel rotation speed, and wheel rotation motor hydraulic pressure, and the
execution management section consists of processing, monitoring and recording devices.

During execution, the monitoring system checks that the real-time data measured each second satisfy
the quality standard values registered in advance for each depth and that acceptable quality columns
are produced. If the standard values are not satisfied, alarm is issued, and changes can be made to
installation parameters.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 54 / 162
The monitoring system indicates the technical details as per below.

Photo 68 - Monitoring system for CSM panel installation

Sampling and Testing

Core sampling and testing will be carried out by the JV. If necessary, qualified specialist subcontractor
will be employed as backup for sampling and testing works.

Scope of Work

The testing is foreseen to be the following:

 Rotary drilling and core sampling on 25% of the executed elements;

 Lab testing for Qu, Cu & E values, including report and PE endorsement.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 55 / 162
4.5 HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

4.5.1. Water Supply

The layout of the pipeline will be set out topographically and marked accordingly.

Excavation of trenches will be done preferentially by mechanical means and final trimming by labour
with special care to ensure that the width and depth do not exceed the maximum specified. A levelling
instrument will be used to make depth markings all along the length of the excavation. Allowance for
deeper excavation will be made to accommodate the PCC base for inspection chambers, junctions and
at collars/joints of pipes.

Pipe installation will occur as per the following:

 Markings for pipe lines and of excavation depths will be made in ground and along the lines
according to working the drawings.
 Trenches will be excavated to the required depths.
 Trench base and bedding will be prepared base for pipe laying as per the specification.
 Pipes will be laid on the prepared bedding and supported at adequate intervals.
 Under pressure leak testing will be executed for approval and issue of ‘test certificate’.
 Encasement with sand/granular material will be provided.
 Trenches will be backfilled in layers including compaction

The water distribution system will be thoroughly disinfected before being put to use. The following
simple procedures will ensure satisfactory results:

1. Flush and clean water tank(s) and distribution pipework with potable water to remove dirt and
any foreign matter.
2. Fill the tank(s) with water mixed with chlorine solution at the rate of 50 parts per million. Retain
chlorinated water in the system allowing the chlorine to spread throughout pipework.
3. Open the farthest draw-off points or drain plug/valve to draw water. Repeat the procedure till
odor of chlorine is felt at all locations when
4. Drain out chlorinated water and fill the system with potable water.

4.5.2. Storm Water Drainage

The design location of the proposed drainage is shown on detailed design drawings.

Construction of a storm water drainage system normally includes:

 excavation, including preparation of foundations for box culverts, supply, bedding, laying,
installation and jointing drainage structures;
 provision of anchoring systems including anchor blocks;
 supply, placing and compacting select fill;
 supply, placing and compacting granular and geocomposite material at weepholes; and
 supply and placing subsurface pipes and filter fabric at pits, headwalls and wingwalls

4.5.3. Waste Water System & Sewerage System

The layout of the pipeline will be set out topographically and marked accordingly.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 56 / 162
Excavation of trenches will be done preferentially by mechanical means and final trimming by labour
with special care to ensure that the width, depth and gradients are according to the specified. A levelling
instrument will be used to make depth markings all along the length of the excavation. Allowance for
deeper excavation will be made to accommodate the PCC base for inspection chambers, junctions and
at collars/joints of pipes.

Pipe installation will occur as per the following:

 Markings for pipe lines and of excavation gradients will be made in ground and along the lines
according to working the drawings.
 Trenches will be excavated to the required depths and gradients.
 Trench base and bedding will be prepared with the correct gradient for pipe laying as per the
specification.
 Pipes will be laid down according to specified gradient.
 Hydraulic/smoke test will be done for approval and issue of ‘test certificate’.
 Encasement with sand/granular material will be provided.
 Trenches will be backfilled in layers including compaction

4.5.4. General Procedure

These works will be carried out at the same time that the excavations, for this purpose, excavators
and dump trucks will be available for the removal of debris, among others; Parallel to the excavations
the filling of the ditches with imported loan material will be carried out to improve the soil using a
double drum roller; Likewise, transportation, laying, hydration, and compaction equipment (Dump
Trucks, Roller and Tank) will be available; filling that will be done by properly compacted layers.

Excavations will be carried out in the established places as indicated in the contractual documents,
the appropriate excavation ditches will be carried out, special care will be taken to place the respective
signs and preventive signs to avoid accidents, for this activity there will be trained personnel which
will supervise that everything is carried out safely and correctly.

The material will be collected in a clean, dry and delimited area in such a way that it represents a
safe area of transport for the public and the equipment.

The placement of filler material will be carried out with a front loader or backhoe loader or a bobcat
(this will depend on the accessibility of the equipment to the filling area), which will extend the material
in horizontal uniform layers according to what is stipulated in the plans and accessories. In the
backfilling areas that cannot be accessed with previously selected equipment, the placement is done
manually with the use of trucks placing the material in spaced piles, then proceed with the extended
manual.

Any contaminating material and / or that does not belong to the place and that could damage its
technical characteristics will be removed immediately before starting the compaction.

The backfilling layers will be according to technical specifications where the percentage of
compaction of the thickness filling or work specifications is indicated. In our environment, the
specifications average layers of 20 to 30 cm, except in the case of some other general specification.

The Site Engineer and QA/QA manager will be responsible for controlling and organizing the
equipment that will be used to determine the characteristics of the landfills and carry out and
coordinate what is necessary for the work to be carried out within the framework of respectful safety
as well as what is necessary in what respects spare parts and fuel for equipment.

The operators of the equipment will be trained to carry out the work and know all the risks included
in the activity.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 57 / 162
 Photo 69 - Excavations Works for Pipe Installation

For the coating layer, it is essential to consider a distance between the surface to be compacted and
the existing network; these parameters must be defined in the designs.

At the edges, joints, corners in which the use of the roller is impossible to be used, with the employer's
acceptance, the compaction with Vibro rammers that meet the specifications established for this
purpose and that are in optimal working conditions.

Each layer will be moistened, without saturating it, with clean water before starting the compaction
process; this with the application of improving the adhesion of the fines of the material.

To dispose of the debris and eviction of material, the approval and/or location of the dump is
requested to the Inspection previously to the use of the material it should be tested in exterior and
approved laboratory, in order to confirm the quality of the soil or improvement material to be used

The sequence of all excavation operations is required, this must be such that it ensures the use of all
the materials suitable and necessary for the construction of the works indicated in the project plans
or indicated by the inspection.

For the activities concerning the connections, the health networks will continue in parallel so that
progress is made according to schedule.

For the installation of the chambers, once the respective excavation and improvement of the soil have
been carried out, the steel and concrete used for this purpose will be done following the regulations
required in the employer requirements, all the materials used will have quality standards for the
respective installation of it.

Recognition and delimitation of the work area with stakes, plastic mesh and danger warning tape.
Additional warning signs are placed in places visible to the passer-by and drivers.

To strengthen the stability of the walls, provided that the excavation depth exceeds 1.50m, it must be
placed in accordance with the technical specifications established for this purpose; except in the case
that the land is of a firmness that allows working without the placement of fixing, this last action must
be accepted by the employer.

If the casting dimensions of the chambers require excavations to be carried out at considerable
depths, land cuts will be made that allow the implementation of such slopes that guarantee the
stability of the sidewalls of the excavated terrain.

Levelling and compacting the foundation ground we proceed to the construction of the blind concrete
layer that will act as a cleaning bed for the structure. The area covered by this material will be greater
between 0.05m to 0.10m along the entire perimeter of the area of the chamber slab to be built on-

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 58 / 162
site.

The required steel will be placed on the foundation slab and chamber walls, according to the design
plans. The formwork of the foundation slab and the perimeter wall is made; according to the design
plans.

Photo 70 - Chamber Execution Sequence, #1

The pre-mixed and/or mechanical concrete will be poured, as appropriate, which will comply with the
technical specifications established in the design drawings. This process will be executed as many
times as necessary until reaching the required height of chamber construction and between each
stretch of concrete, the additives and materials that the design plans indicated will be placed.
(Binders, PVC tapes, etc.)

Once the concrete has been poured into the structure, the needle vibrator will be implemented.

Once the strength of the concrete required in the design drawings and technical specifications has
been reached, the next step is to decouple the walls of the chamber and then cover the outer part of
the walls with bitumen paint. The fixing of the entrance ladder to the chamber will be carried out by
means of a mechanical anchor (expansive bolts) or as indicated in the design drawings.

Photo 71 - Chamber Execution Sequence, #2

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 59 / 162
Once the height of the axis of the hydraulic assembly is defined, the pipe passage will be left on the
walls of the chamber, using wood formwork embedded in the concrete or block wall for this purpose.
The openings will be of dimensions and sections very close to those of the pipe to be assembled and
the sealing will be carried out according to what is established in the design plans and technical
specifications established by the customer.

The process continues with the assembly of the formwork of the upper one (in case of being
embedded in the walls of the chamber) and subsequent placement of the corresponding
reinforcement according to the plans.

The concrete order will be poured to reach the required level. The manufacture of
removable/removable slabs is carried out separately and according to the details.

The placement of the entrance cover to the camera is carried out according to what is established in
the design drawings. The metal welding works will be carried out in the camp located at the base of
the work; following design specifications and materials.

Photo 72 - Chamber Execution Sequence, #3

At the end of the work process, an interior and exterior cleaning will be carried out to present the
finished structure. For the construction of curb, in general, the subgrade or foundation bed must be
completed in accordance with the slope and the cross-section stipulated in the project. Before laying
the concrete the surface of the foundation must be dampened and well compacted.

All soft or unstable material must be removed to a minimum depth of 15 cm. under the level of the
foundation of the ditches, and it will be replaced with granular material of such quality that, when
wetted and compacted, take a suitable foundation base.

The formwork will be smooth and lubricated on the side in contact with the concrete and on the upper
edge, it must be rigid enough to withstand the pressure of the plastic concrete, without deforming. It
will be installed with the stipulated slopes, dimensions and alignments and will be firmly maintained
by stakes, clamps, braces and braces that are necessary. The formwork of the exposed wall of the
ditch curbs and curbs with reduced height for the construction of access ramps should not be
removed before the concrete is set, but should be removed within six hours of placing the concrete
to be made at the finish

Expansion joints of 8 to 10 mm will be left wide in the curbs, with a spacing of 3.5 meters and on both
sides of the structures, the joints will be filled with material that meets the requirements stipulated in
section 806 of the General Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges of the MOP.
001-F-2002 and must be perpendicular to the curb line.

GENERAL ASPECTS
4.2.1 l) Arrangements and Construction Methods Statements – rev A 60 / 162