SMART DUSTBIN USING ESP32

GRACE COLLEGE OF ENGNEERING,TIRUCHENDUR ROAD,MULLAKADU,THOOTHUKUDI-678 005

AUTHOR: JERON R[[email protected]]

Co authors: MANOJ P , JERIN P JOSE

GUIDE: TAMILSELVI[ASSTPROF.ECE],PRICILLAMARY[ASST PROF.ECE],UMASELVI[ASST PROF.ECE],KKSIR[HOD.ECE]

ABSTRACT
In this paper the concept of Smart Dustbin is presented. Smart Dustbin System is a prototype model of
next generation dustbin which would be highly equipped with sensors. We have built this prototype model of this
smart dustbin system using Ultrasonic sensor, servo motors,ESP32. India’s garbage generation stands at 0.2 to
0.6kilograms of Garbage per head per day. For building smart cities there is requirement of such a smart system
which monitors the dustbin and provide sits real time status. In present scenario, Municipal Corporations in India
doesn’t get real time information about the dustbins. In this paper we present a viable solution for dustbins for smart
cities The system uses real time based system for garbage monitoring. With the use of wifi based system there is no
need of routine checking of dustbins . This method is more convenient than the manual one and is an initiative towards
‘smart city’. These smart bins will transmit information about its fill status .
Proposed system provides efficient and optimized way to collect maximum waste using bare minimum. The
system uses real time based system for garbage monitoring. With the use of wifi based system there is no need of
routine checking of dustbins. It ensures proper disposal of garbage and restoration of a green and healthy environment.
The system aims ecofriendly technology and to preserve carbon neutral footprint of our City.

1. INDEX TERMS Smart Dustbin, ESP32 Microcontroller, Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensor, Load Cell, Wi-Fi
Connectivity, MQTT Protocol, Data Transmission, Server, Data Processing, User Interface,
Notifications, Battery Management, Enclosure Design ,Security, Maintenance, Future Enhancements

I. INTRODUCTION be sufficient

R ECENT advancements in technology using wireless

sensor devices opened vast opportunities for developers and
researchers of many intelligent smart systems developed for
social relevant applications. India is one of the most populated
country in which one sixth population of the world resides. As
the population is high, a large amount of waste are produced
from houses and industries.
According to certain collected data, our beloved city
Tuticorin generate around 850 tons of waste. Metropolitan
cities of India like Mumbai and Delhi generate around 10,000
tons of garbage daily. A huge amount of waste is produced
from smart cities. To manage this, people are trying but
mainly they overflows and remains unattended. Concerned
people doesn’t get real time information about overflow of
dustbins.
Information technology can’t take out trash or garbage, but it
can make those processes much more efficient. Smart Bin, is
a garbage collecting dust bin, which is self-aware and detects
the level of the waste in the dustbin, based on that it can send
alert messages to the concerned authorities, so the authorities
make the arrangements to replace the dustbin. This type of
dustbins will be very useful in places where the frequency of
people using the dustbin varies because timely checks won’t
 The system consists of ESP32 and power supply to that of required voltage.
ultrasonic sensors along with servo motors The board also In India many of the streets are provided with dustbins.
consists of a voltage regulator, which is used to provide the People throw their waste in these dustbins and they are
Required voltage to the Sensors and the ESP32. The ESP32
cleaned by municipal corporation (MC). But sometimes
consists of an Ethernet module, which is used for server client
dustbin overflows and are not cleaned timely. A smart
communication. Using this, Information can be passed from
system should be used to get the real time status of dustbin
the client to server, and vice versa. This is used for passing
We are surrounded by technology in different forms so we
info about the current state of the dustbin. This is the ideal
should use it to get the real time monitoring of all the
start to establish a smart garbage system. Ultrasonic sensors
detect the proximity of the waste from dustbin top and IR dustbins in any particular area. When dustbin gets full a
sensors show the actual level. The servo motors connected message should be sent to the MC who is responsible tothe
open and close the dustbin with buck converters to convert dustbin. All the data of dustbin is stored for future use.
The procedure of collecting waste in the present scenario is By calculating the travel time and the speed of sound,
purely manual, we need to implement a smart way of garbage the distance can be calculated.
monitoring and disposal. cities. Smart systems are natural
evolution of the recent wave of technology, allowing both to An infrared (IR) sensor a proximity sensor, or a ‘nearness’
offer better services to citizens and also to save costs as sensor senses whether there is an object near it or not. The IR
mentioned. This method initiated here ‘is more convenient stands for Infrared sensor. Infrared is the light out of our visible
than the manual one and is an initiative towards smart city’. It spectrum. The IR transmitter continuously emits the IR light
ensures proper disposal of garbage and restoration of a green and the IR receiver keeps on checking for the reflected light. If
and healthy environment. This paper provides insights into the the light gets reflected back by hitting any object in front it, the
development of a smart dustbin system, highlighting its IR receiver receives this light. This way the object is detected in
applications in waste management and environmental the case of the IR sensor. It has very vast range of Ir sensor
monitoring. applications or projects which can be built using this sensor.
such as automatic water dipenser, bidirectional counter , sense
any object in front of the sensor.
II. SMART DUSTBIN CONIGURATION
Expressif32 or[esp32] is the Ethernet module
and overall connector to the smart dustbin FIGURE 1. The fabricated antenna prototype.
concept.Therefore, to begin with, the μC should be able to
interface with a variety of sensors. It
should support all the common communication protocols
required for sensor interface: UART, I2C, SPI. It should have
ADC and pulse counting capabilities. ESP32 fulfills all of 1+
these requirements. On top of that, it also can interface with ±
sin(θ)
capacitive touch sensors. Therefore, most common sensors can
interface
seamlessly with ESP32. The ESP32 is a versatile and powerful
microcontroller developed by Espressif Systems. Here are the
fundamentals of the ESP32:Microcontroller: The ESP32
integrates a dual-core Xtensa LX6 CPU, which allows for
multitasking and parallel processing. It also includes built-in
RAM, ROM, and various peripherals, making it a complete
system-on-chip (SoC) solution for embedded
applications.Wireless Connectivity: One of the key features
of the ESP32 is its built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. It
supports a wide range of Wi-Fi standards (802.11 b/g/n) and
Bluetooth protocols (Bluetooth Classic and BLE), making it
ideal for IoT (Internet of Things) applications where wireless
communication is required.Low Power Consumption: The
ESP32 is designed to operate efficiently on low power, making
it suitable for battery-powered devices and energy-conscious
applications. It includes various power-saving modes and
features to optimize energy usage, such as sleep modes and
power management peripherals.Rich Peripheral Set: The
ESP32 offers a wide range of built-in peripherals, including
GPIO pins, SPI, I2C, UART, ADC, DAC, PWM, and more.
These peripherals provide interfaces for connecting external
devices and sensors, enabling a wide range of applications.
Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave
at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The
transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to
receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic
sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to
send a pulse and to receive the echo. The sensor
determines the distance to a target by measuring time
lapses between the sending and receiving of the
ultrasonic pulse. The working principle of this module
is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40 kHz,
which travels through the air, and if there is an
obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the sensor.
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 A servo drive receives a command signal from a control down voltage from a higher input voltage to a lower output
system, amplifies the signal, and transmits electric current to a voltage. This efficiency is achieved by minimizing switching
servo motor in order to produce motion proportional to the losses and maximizing energy transfer.Applications: Buck
command signal. Typically, the command signal represents a converters are widely used in various electronic devices and
desired velocity, but can also represent a desired torque or systems where efficient voltage conversion is required.
position. Integrating servo motors into a smart dustbin can Common applications include power supplies for computers,
enhance its functionality by enabling features such as mobile devices, LED lighting, and automotive
automated lid opening and closing. Here's how servo motors electronics.Understanding the fundamentals of a buck converter
can be incorporated into a smart dustbin system:Lid is essential for designing and implementing efficient power
Mechanism: The servo motor can be used to control the management solutions in electronic systems, particularly in
opening and closing of the dustbin lid. This can be particularly battery-powered and energy-conscious applications.
useful for hands-free operation, where the lid automatically
opens when someone approaches with trash.Sensor
Integration: Servo motor operation can be triggered by
sensors such as proximity sensors or motion detectors. When
these sensors detect motion or the presence of a person or
object, they send a signal to the microcontroller, which in turn
activates the servo motor to open the lid.User Interface
Control: The smart dustbin can also be equipped with a user
interface, such as a mobile app or a physical button, to
manually control the lid via the servo motor. Users can
remotely open or close the lid as needed.Safety Features:
Servo motors can be programmed to ensure safe operation of
the lid, such as preventing it from closing if an obstruction is
detected. This helps to prevent accidents and damage to the
dustbin or surrounding objects. A buck converter, also known
as a step-down converter, is a type of DC-DC converter that
efficiently reduces a higher input voltage to a lower output
voltage. Here are the fundamentals of a buck
converter:Operating Principle: A buck converter operates
based on the principle of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). It
uses a switching transistor (usually a MOSFET) to control the
transfer of energy from the input voltage source to the output
load.Topology: The basic topology of a buck converter
consists of an input voltage source, an inductor, a diode, a
capacitor, and a switch (usually a transistor). The switch
controls the current flow through the inductor, which
stores and releases energy to regulate the output
voltage.Operation Modes:On-State (Switch Closed): During
this mode, the switch is closed, allowing current to flow from
the input source through the inductor. Energy is stored in the
inductor's magnetic field.Off-State (Switch Open): In this
mode, the switch is open, and the inductor discharges its
stored energy through the diode, which conducts current to the The working principle of a smart dustbin revolves around its
load. The output voltage is regulated based on the duty cycle ability to autonomously monitor the fill level of trash and
of the switch.Duty Cycle: The duty cycle of the switch optimize waste management processes. Here's a detailed
determines the output voltage of the buck converter. It is the explanation of the working principle:
ratio of the time the switch is on to the total switching period. Trash Level Detection:
By adjusting the duty cycle, the output voltage can be
 Smart dustbins are equipped with sensors, such as
regulated.Control Circuitry: Buck converters often include
ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, or weight sensors,
control circuitry to regulate the output voltage and maintain
to detect the level of trash inside the bin.
stability under varying load conditions. This may involve
 These sensors continuously monitor the fill level of the
feedback mechanisms such as voltage regulation loops or
dustbin and provide real-time data to the system.
current sensing circuits.Efficiency: Buck converters are
Data Processing:
known for their high efficiency, especially when stepping
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 
The sensor data is processed by a microcontroller,
such as an ESP32, which is the central processing
unit of the smart dustbin.
 The microcontroller analyzes the sensor data and
determines the current fill level of the dustbin.
3. Threshold Detection:
 The microcontroller compares the fill level data with
predefined thresholds or user-defined settings preset
in ultrasonic sensor.
 If the fill level exceeds a certain threshold, indicating
that the dustbin is nearing capacity, the system
initiates appropriate actions.
 Ir sensors too measure the level of the dustbin.
4. Action Initiation:
 Depending on the detected fill level, the smart
dustbin can trigger various actions to optimize waste
management.
 For example, if the fill level is low, the dustbin may
remain idle. If the fill level is moderate, the system
may send a notification to waste management
personnel for timely collection. If the fill level is
high, the system may initiate a cleanup process.
5. Communication:
 Smart dustbins are typically connected to the internet
via Wi-Fi or other communication protocols.
 The system can transmit data, such as fill level status
and alerts, to a remote server or user interface.
6. User Interface:
 A user interface, such as a mobile app or web
dashboard, allows users to monitor the status of the
smart dustbin and receive notifications or alerts.
 Users can remotely access the dustbin's data, view fill
level trends, and manage waste collection schedules.
7. Data Storage and Analysis:
 Sensor data is transmitted to a remote server for
storage and analysis.
 The server collects and processes the data, generating
insights into waste generation patterns, efficiency of
waste collection, and other relevant metrics.
8. Automation and Optimization:
 Smart algorithms can be implemented to automate
waste management processes based on sensor data
and historical trends.
 For example, the system can optimize waste
collection routes, schedule pickups based on fill
levels, and minimize operational costs.
t

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 2.Jain, N., Bafna, R., Katta, P., & Patil, P. (2019). IoT Based
Smart Garbage Dustbin. International Journal of Engineering
Principle Research & Technology, 8(3), 10-12.
The components are all installed and such that it 3.Singh, N., Verma, A., Jain, S., & Sharma, V. (2020). IoT
accounts for the simple and elusive working. As the Based Smart Waste Management System. International Journal
waste level increases the ultrasonic sensor sendout of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 4222-4225.
information/data via esp32 a Ethernet module. Ir sensors 4.Zhang, Y., Chen, J., & Guo, Q. (2019). A Smart Waste
are used too to calibrate all the necessary working. Servo Management System Based on IoT. 2019 5th International
Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR),
motors close upon being filled by a certain threshold 174-177.
limit. We can receive the information by esp32. This 5.Espressif Systems. (n.d.). ESP32 Technical Reference
cause such a spectacular approach and methodological Manual. Retrieved from
working. https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp
32_technical_reference_manual_en.pdf
6.Arduino. (n.d.). Arduino - Home. Retrieved from
CONCLUSION https://www.arduino.cc/
MicroPython. (n.d.). Welcome to MicroPython. Retrieved from
can monitor the status of dustbins, receive alerts and https://micropython.org/
notifications, and even In conclusion, smart dustbins represent Espressif Systems. (n.d.). ESP-IDF Programming Guide.
a significant advancement in waste management technology, Retrieved from
offering several benefits over traditional waste disposal https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/
methods. By integrating sensors, microcontrollers, These references cover a range of topics related to smart
communication modules, and intelligent algorithms, smart dustbins, including design, implementation IoT applications,
dustbins streamline waste management processes, improve and technical specifications of components such as the ESP32
efficiency, and reduce environmental impact. microcontroller.

Smart dustbins enable real-time monitoring of trash levels,

allowing for timely waste collection and optimization of
collection routes. This not only reduces the likelihood of
overflowing bins but also minimizes the resources and energy
required for waste collection, leading to cost savings and
environmental sustainability.

Additionally, smart dustbins promote user engagement and

empowerment by providing access to data and insights about
waste generation patterns. Users remotely control certain
functions, enhancing their participation in waste management
efforts.

Overall, smart dustbins have the potential to revolutionize

waste management practices, making them more efficient,
sustainable, and responsive to the needs of communities and
the environment. As technology continues to advance and
smart city initiatives gain momentum, smart dustbins are likely
to play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of
urban waste management.

REFERENCES
Here are some references for further exploration of the topic of
smart dustbins:

1. 1.Gupta, R., Singhal, P., & Sharma, R. (2018). Design and

Implementation of Smart Garbage Dustbin. International
Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2699-2703.
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