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CHE1010AtomicStructureTutorialSheet3 (1)

This document is a tutorial sheet for the University of Zambia's Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, focusing on atomic structure. It contains a series of questions and exercises related to wave calculations, photon energy, photon emission, the photoelectric effect, the Bohr model, de Broglie wavelength, quantum numbers, electron configuration, and periodic trends. The tutorial emphasizes critical thinking and application of concepts beyond classroom learning.

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jenniphermwale263
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29 views

CHE1010AtomicStructureTutorialSheet3 (1)

This document is a tutorial sheet for the University of Zambia's Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, focusing on atomic structure. It contains a series of questions and exercises related to wave calculations, photon energy, photon emission, the photoelectric effect, the Bohr model, de Broglie wavelength, quantum numbers, electron configuration, and periodic trends. The tutorial emphasizes critical thinking and application of concepts beyond classroom learning.

Uploaded by

jenniphermwale263
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES


DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMSIRTY

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Tutorial Sheet 3
(for one Week 7th April to 11th April 2025)

Answer ALL questions


Note: Questions include those for concept regurgitation, concept application and critical thinking.
Critical thinking means the concept may not have been applied in a class lecture to the exact situation
that the question has been now asked, but requires you to apply to that situation, meaning, ‘research!!’.

1. Wave Calculations
(a) Sound waves (not EM radiation) travel at 330 m/s in air. Calculate the wavelength of a 20 kHz
sound wave.
(b) Critical Thinking: Why can’t sound exhibit a "photoelectric effect" like light?

2. Photon Energy
A microwave photon has a wavelength of 1.2 cm.
(a) Calculate its frequency and energy.
(b) How does the energy of a red photon compare to that of a blue photon? Explain.
(c) Critical Thinking: If wavelength doubles, how does the energy change? Explain conceptually.
(d) Radio station WCBS in New York broadcasts its FM signal at a frequency of 101.1 MHz.
Their AM signal is broadcast at 880 kHz. What are the wavelengths of these signals expressed
in meters?
(e) Calculate the energy and wavelength of a photon of light with a frequency of 6.165 × 1014 ��.
(f) Element Y emits a blue photon with a wavelength of 4.8× 10−5 ��. Calculate the energy of a
blue photon in joules and in electron volts (eV).

3. Photon Emission
(a) Copper (I) chloride in fireworks emits blue light (λ = 450 nm). Calculate the energy per
photon.
(b) What does ROY GBIV represent on the electromagnetic spectrum?
(b) Critical Thinking: Why do different metal salts produce distinct colours?
(d) Can two different elements produce the same emission spectrum?
(e) One of the lines in the spectrum of mercury (produced in a mercury vapor lamp) is green and
has a wavelength of 540 nm. What is the frequency of this line?
(f) Calculate the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 4.25 x 10-9 m. Identify the type of
electromagnetic radiation.

4. Photoelectric Effect
(a) Explain how the photoelectric effect supports quantization of energy.
(b) Rubidium’s work function is 208.4 kJ/mol. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of electrons
ejected by 254 nm light.
(c) It takes 7.21 × 10−19 J of energy to remove an electron from a sodium atom. What is the
maximum wavelength of light that can do this?
5. Bohr Model
(a) According to the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, how does the hydrogen atom emit
light?
(b) Calculate the energy and wavelength when a hydrogen electron falls from n = 4 → n = 1.
(c) Critical Thinking: Why can’t the Bohr model explain multi-electron atoms?
(d) Calculate the wavelength of light emitted when the following transition occurs in the hydrogen
atom, n = 5 to n = 3.
(e) Calculate the shortest and longest wavelengths in the hydrogen spectrum of the Lyman series.

6. de Broglie Wavelength
(a) Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving at 10% the speed of light.
(b) Critical Thinking: Why don’t baseballs exhibit observable wave properties?
(c) Use the de Broglie relationship to determine the wavelength of a 10.0-g bullet fired at 250 m/s.
(d) Neutron (mass = 1.675 × 10−24 �) diffraction is an important technique for determining the
structures of molecules. Calculate the velocity of a neutron that has a characteristic wavelength
of 0.955 Å.

7. Quantum Numbers
(a) What information do n, l, and mₗ provide?
(b) Identify invalid sets and explain why:

(i) n = 0, l = 0, mₗ = 0
(ii) n = 3, l = 2, mₗ = −3

(c) An electron in a certain atom is in the n = 2 quantum level. List the possible values of l and ml
that it can have

8. Electron Configuration
(a) Write configurations for Si and As.
(b) Critical Thinking: How do their configurations explain their roles in semiconductors?
(c) What is the total number of electrons that can be filled in s, p and d subshells
(d) What is Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity?
(e) Write the electron configuration of bromine
(f) Write a short shorthand electron configuration of Cu and Cu2+

9. Quantum Numbers & Stability


(a) Write the quantum numbers for all electrons in a nitrogen atom (Z=7).
(b) Explain why nitrogen’s 1s22p32p3 configuration is exceptionally stable.

10. Periodic Trends


(a) Explain why atomic radius decreases across Period 2 but increases down Group 17.
(b) Critical Thinking: How does effective nuclear charge play a role?

11. Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, calculate ∆x for an electron with ∆v = 0.100 m/s.

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