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 What is a computer?……………………………………….. 2

 Components of Computer …………………………… 5

 Data ……………………………………………………………….. 13

 Where computer can save data …………………… 15

 The importance of computer ………………….…… 20

 Uses of computer ………………………………………… 22

 Processing ………………………………..………………… 25

 Keyboard ……………………………………………………… 27

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 What is a computer?

Computer definition:
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data (input),
manipulates the data according to specified rules (process), produces
results (output), and stores the results for future use.

Output device
(shows results)
Output device
(sound output) Do you Know?
The parts of
computer we touch
and feel are called
Input device
hardware.
Processing Unit (input data)
(data processing)

What is a machine?
They are non-living things. They are made by people. They help in doing many
tasks. They make our work easier, faster and better

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There are many varieties of machines and they help you in different
way: -

 Friends, Machine are of two types:

1- Manual Machines 2- Electronic Machines

Hey! This is This is an

manual machine electronic machine
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  There are different types of the computer: -

Extra Information: - Living things can: -

 Reproduce to give birth to the new organism.
 Respond to the external environment.
 Grow and develop, with time.
 Move on their own.
 Respire to release energy.

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 .
Components of computer?

A computer physically is just a collection of many electric, electronic

and mechanical components. These components when attached in
specific order make up the term ‘Components of a Computer ‘.
Hardware, software and users are the main components of computer
system.

 Hardware:
The computer and all equipment’s attached to it are called
hardware.
Hardware is any physical part of computer, which comprises input
, output, storage and system unit. In another word’s hardware is any
part of computer can touch and feel.

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Input Devices: -
1-Keyboard: -
It’s an input device that has small buttons called keys. You
press these keys on the keyboard to type text and number on the
computer.

2-Mouse: -
A mouse is also called pointing device that is used to point and
select any object present on the computer screen. You can also
draw pictures and play games on the computer with the help of
mouse.

3-Scanner: -
Scanner is an input device that works somewhat like a
photocopier machine. It’s used to feed the images and text into the
computer directly from a paper

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 4-Microphone: -
It is an input unit that helps you to input sounds
or voices to computer
5- Joystick: -
It is an input unit which has a stick that moves to
any direction to help you to play games

Output devices
The devices that are used to show to show results or output after
processing is called output devices.
Some commonly used Output devices are:

1-Monitor: -

Monitor is an output device that looks like a TV

screen. Monitor shows you the results or whatever
you draw or type through mouse or a keyboard.

2-Printer: -
A printer is an output device that helps in
printing the output on paper.

3-Speakers: -

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 Speakers are the output devices that are attached with the
computer to give voice output. They give out all the sound
instructions given to the computer. You can listen
songs with the help of speakers.

Software: -
Software is a set of instructions, stored on disk drives or
CD/DVDs, that tells the computer hardware what to do and how to
perform a particular job.
Without software, your monitor would not display anything,
your speakers would remain silent, and typing on the keyboard
keys would have no effect. So, it can be said that:
“Without a software, a hardware of computer is just like a
human body without a soul”
The software is not physical in nature. You cannot see or touch
them.

User: -
A person who communicate with a computer.

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What the difference between two computers?

……………………………………. …………………………………….

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……………………………………. …………………………………….

……………………………………. …………………………………….

Some of these machines have a computer inside them:

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Some of these machines do not have a computer inside them:

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Write manual or electric:

…………………………………… ……………………………

…………………………………… ……………………………

Data
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Data :-
The collection of unorganized facts and figures is called Data. It
can deal with numbers, text, images, sound, ect. Data does not
convey any meaning and it’s processed or manipulated to produce
meaningful information.
A computer accepts data and instructions from you through
input devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
microphone and graphic tablet.
Data can be in the form of: -
- Numbers. - Sound.
- Text or letters. - Graphics

 Numbers:
Example: When you write 1+1=2, you enter data to the computer
as numbers.

 Text or Letters:
Example: When you write your name on WordPad, you enter data
to the computer as letters.

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 3- Graphics (Pictures or video) :
There are many input devices help you to deal with pictures and
video, for example:-
o Scanner helps you to input printed pictures
o Webcam helps to put your image or video

 4- Sounds or Audio:
Sounds are the data that we can hear it (heard Data).

Music, Qur'an or any sounds in your computer are types of data.

Where computer can save data?

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 You have a memory that enables you to remember
anything

Also your computer has a memory which allows

you to save data on it.

 Computer memory: -
is used to store the set of instruction or data enter into the
computer on the result you get from the computer.
In short we can say, “the work done in computer is stored by the
computer memory to be used in future “.

The table below shows further units of memory and its equivalents.
1 Bit = 0.125 Byte
1 Byte (B) = 8 Bits
1 Kilobyte ( KB ) = 1024 Bytes
1 Megabyte ( MB ) = 1024 Kilobyte
1 Gigabyte ( GB ) = 1024 Megabyte
1 Terabyte ( TB ) = 1024 Gigabyte

 Types of Memory:

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The computer memory is mainly classified into two types:
 Primary Memory.
The primary memory is the main memory of the computer, which
resides in the computer. The data which is in the main memory of
the computer is only processed by the computer.
The main memory is of two types:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory) :-
It Stores data or information temporarily till the
computer is working or switched ON. Once the computer is
switched Off, everything is lost from it. For this reason, RAM
is called volatile memory.

2. ROM (Read Only Memory) :-

As the name shows that it’s read only memory, which
means that ROM is the Primary memory for storing the data
that can be read only and cannot be written or changed. ROM
is a non-volatile memory as its contents don’t get lost even
when the computer gets switched Off.

 Secondary Memory: -

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 In primary memory both the RAM and ROM have some
limitations. To overcome these limitations, the secondary
memory is used in the computer. It can store the data
permanently and data can be edited any time it requires.

The secondary memory is also called an external memory.

The different secondary memory such as:
 Hard disk drive.
 Floppy disk.
 CD/DVD-ROM.
 Flash memory.
 Memory card.
 Pen drive.

Floppy disk Hard disk drive Memory card

Flash memory DVD-ROM CD-ROM

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 Man and Computer: -
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 Computer can store a lot of work for a long time .

Man cannot remember many things for long time, he may forget
after some time.

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 The importance of computers
Computer can help you to do your homework faster and easier , it’s
smart machine. It can do a lot of tasks for you such as :-
1- Write letters.
2- Draw and colour images.
3- Do difficult sum.
4- Play games with you.
5- Show movie ,cartoons and play music.
6- Store information for long time.

Here are some of the features described below:

 Speed
 A computer can do its work at very fast speed.
 It can perform thousands of calculations in a second.
 It is a very high-speed device.

 Accuracy
 A computer always gives an accurate result.
 A computer never makes mistake by itself.
 Its results are 100% correct.

 Storage Capacity
 The storage capacity of computer is vast.
 It can store large amount of work.

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 Tiredlessness :-
 A computer never gets tired or bored.
 It can do lot of work again and again at same speed
without getting bored or tired.

 Versatility
 A computer can do different types of work efficiently.
 It can do many types of work at same time like using
graphics, playing games, working with numbers or words.

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 Uses of Computer
Nowadays computers are being used everywhere like home,
school, office, bank, railway station, airport, shop, hospital etc. and
help in our day-to-day tasks.
Besides, there are used for entertainment and designing purpose.
Now, let us discuss each in detail.

 Computers at Home
At homes, computers are used for:
1. Sending e-mails.
2. Playing games.
3. Listening songs.
4. Learning studying.
5. Drawing and painting.
6. Watching cartoons.

 Computers in School
In your school, you must have seen the computer. It has become
very useful in schools. Here it is used for:
1. Teaching computer and as well as other subjects in class.
2. Learning and studying in lab.
3. Sending reports and circulars.
4. Keeping records of feeds.
5. Preparing timetable and result.
6. Preparing question paper.
7. Keeping books record in library.

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 Computers in Office
In office, computers are used for:
1. Keeping records of employee.
2. Calculating salaries report.
3. Writing & printing documents or letters.
4. Making bills.

 Computers in Bank
In banks, computers are used for:
1. Maintaining accounts of customers.
2. Withdrawal of money.
3. Maintaining passbooks of customers.
4. Depositing money.

 Computers at Railway Station

At railway stations, computers are used for:

1. Reservation and cancellation of tickets.

2. Keeping records about the arrival and departure time.
3. Keeping record of passengers.

 Computers at Airport

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At airports, computers are used for:

1. Reservation and cancellation of tickets.

2. Keeping records of flights arrival and departure time.
3. Landing and taking off the Aeroplan’s.

 Computers in Hospital
In the hospitals, computer can be used for:
1. Keeping the records of the patients.
2. Preparing medical report.
3. Making hospital bills of patients.

 Computers in Shop
In shops, computers can be used for:
1. Preparing bills for customers.
2. Maintaining records of the stock and prices of different
items.

Processing
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 Input Processing Output
Keyboard Monitor
CPU
Mouse Control Printer
Scanner Unit RAM ALU Speaker

Storage

 Input :-
A computer accepts data and instructions from you through input
devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick , scanner, microphone and
graphics tablet. Data can be in the form of numbers ,text ,sound or
graphics.

 Processing :-
The processing is done for data entered to convert it into an
information through a processor with the help of CPU.

 CPU (Central Processing Unit): -

Is the processor, it’s the brain of the computer that
does all the calculations, ad runs all the programs.
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 CPU is made of two parts:-
a) Arithmetic and logical Unit ( ALU):-
It’s the part which performs arithmetical , comparisons and
logical operations.
 Arithmetical operations include addition, subtraction , division
and multiplication .
 Comparisons operations involve comparing one data to another .
Ex., greater than ,equal to or less than.
 Logical operations use conditions along with logical operators .
Ex., AND, OR and NOT.

 Output:-
Processing of data produces useful information called output. As we
said before, the monitor, printer, speaker are output devices.

Keyboard

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 A keyboard is an input device. It contains different types of keys.
You can type anything by pressing keys on the keyboard.

Numbe Functional
r Keys Keys

 Caps Look and Shift Key:

The caps lock is applied to type in capital letters. Shift Key is used in
combination with another key to type an uppercase letter.

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 ESC. (Escape Key):
To quite a task you are performing just press Esc key.

 Ctrl and Alt Keys:

To perform a specific task, the combination of Ctrl or Alt key with the
another key can be used. For example, press Ctrl and S to save the
document.

 Spacebar:
To insert a blank space, you can press the Spacebar

 Number Keys:
You can type numbers by these 10 keys.

 Functional Keys:
You can quickly perform specific tasks with these keys.

 Backspace Key:
You can remove the character to the left of the cursor by pressing
Backspace key.

 Delete Key:
The Delete key is used to remove the objects.

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 Application Key:
To quickly display the shortcut menu for an item on your screen, the
Application key can be pressed.

 Numeric Keypad:
You can use number keys (0 to 9) from numeric keypad to enter
numbers.

 Alphabet Keys:
You can type letters by these 26 keys.

 Enter Key:
You can tell the computer to carry out a task by pressing the Enter
key. This key is also used to start a new paragraph in the word
processing program.

 Arrow Keys:
These keys let you move the cursor around the screen.

 Window key:
To quickly display the start menu in the windows operating system,
you can press the Window key.

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