11 V May 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51583
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Real-Time IoT Data Analysis Using Machine

Learning
Sathwika M1, Vinni B2, Sai Sindhu P3, Ravi Kumar S4
1, 2, 3 4
Student, Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Department, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao Engineering
College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

Abstract: The world is changing rapidly and many online businesses depend on collecting data, which is used for future
predictions. IoT systems can access many devices and large amounts of data can be stored in IoT clouds like Thingspeak. This
project aims to collect real-time data using DHT11, Gas level sensors, and analyze it using machine learning
algorithms(Random forest, Decision tree classifier, Linear discriminant analysis). We are comparing the performance of
algorithms using metrics like accuracy, confusion matrix, precision, recall, and score to find the best algorithm which detects the
presence of attacks or data anomalies more accurately.
Keywords: Thingspeak, DHT11, Gas sensor, Machine learning algorithms, Metrics.

I. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things describes physical objects that are implanted with sensors, computing ability, software, and other
technologies that connect and share data with other devices and systems over the Internet without any human interaction. With the
fast growth and development of Internet of Things(IoT) devices, there is an increase in cyber-attacks bugging these devices.
Unauthorized users continue to find new ways and loopholes for exploiting the existing IoT- HUB for illegal purposes. Machine
Learning algorithms are proposed for the detection of malicious attacks or data anomalies. The framework uses three classification-
based ML algorithms, namely Random Forest(RF), Decision tree classifier, and Linear discriminant analysis for detecting the
presence of attacks.
II. METHODOLOGY
1) Hardware Configuration: The system combines the DHT11, Gas sensor with NODEMCU(ESP8266) Wi-fi module.
2) Arduino IDE software: A basic Embedded C program code is uploaded.
3) Thingspeak IoT: The data generated using sensors is uploaded to the cloud and data sets are downloaded in Excel sheets for
further use in algorithms.
4) Machine Learning: Jupyter Notebook software is used for the ML part of the project. Required libraries are imported and the
data set is split into training and testing sets. These sets are fitted into different ML algorithms. Performance metrics are
compared to find out the best algorithm that detects the attacks more accurately.

III. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

The following components are necessary for the proposed system:
1) NODEMCU: NodeMCU is an open-source that is especially used for IoT-based Applications. This comprises components that
run on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware that is based on the ESP-12 module. ESP8266EX has 17
GPIO pins which are dedicated to different functions by programming the appropriate registers. This component is perfect for
IoT based projects where Arduino is wireless. It has an inbuilt wifi module

Fig1.Nodemcu Fig2.Pin diagram of Nodemcu

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 702
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

2) DHT11 Sensor: DHT11 is a low-value virtual sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. It has a sensing element and a
thermistor to measure the temperature. Humidity values are recorded with a change in capacitance. This sensor can be easily
interfaced with any microcontroller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc… to measure humidity and temperature at particular
periods. DHT11 sensor has 4 pins- VCC, GND, Data Pin, and a now no longer linked pin. It also has a pull-up resistor of 5-10k
ohms for microcontroller communication.

Fig 3.Dht11 sensor

3) Gas Sensor: A sensor that is used to detect the presence or concentration of gases in the air is called a gas sensor. Gas sensors
are used to detect dangerous leaks like petroleum gas or CNG to avoid major accidents. All gas sensors include a sensing
element that contains some components. The components are the Gas sensing layer, Heater coil, Electrode, etc. Depending on
the level of concentration of the gas the sensor gives the respective change in potential energy by varying the resistance of the
material inside the sensor. That change in potential can be termed output voltage. Depending upon the voltage value the type
and concentration level of the gas can be evaluated. The sensing material present inside the sensor can detect the type of gas.

Fig 4. Gas sensor

IV. WORKING
The system collects real-time data using dht11 and a gas level sensor. These values can be displayed on LCD and NODEMCU has a
in-built wi-fi module. The system is interfaced with the Arduino IDE and the cable from NODEMCU is connected to the laptop The
data set is uploaded to Thingspeak and it can be downloaded in the form of an Excel sheet.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 703
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Block Diagram:

Fig 5.Block diagram

After the data set is downloaded, it is converted into a CSV file and then it is used for the machine learning algorithm.
It involves below steps:
1) Data sets are uploaded.
2) Required libraries must be imported.
3) Datasets are imported.
4) Any Missing Data should be taken care of.
5) Categorical Data is encoded.
6) Dataset is split into training and test set.
7) Fitting the model.
After the model is fitted, the performance of all algorithms is evaluated based on some metrics.

V. RESULTS

Fig 6. Hardware Configuration

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 704
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig 7. Results of a Decision tree classifier

Fig 8. Results of Random forest algorithm Fig 9 Results of Linear discriminant analysis

VI. CONCLUSION
The main aim of our proposed system is to find the best algorithm that provides good performance for attack detection. After
comparing the results, we concluded that Random forest is the best one with 100 percent accuracy. This value may change
depending on the data set. It has been concluded that large data sets are handled by random forest over the other algorithms. The
problem is when the results combined from various decision trees are eliminated by Random Forest. We understood that Random
Forest is fast and highly accurate.

VII. FUTURE SCOPE

We will collect more nonlinear data and include additional features from the packet capture for each type of device to provide more
accurate classifications. For this, we use a random forest algorithm which performs better with nonlinear data. Random Forest is
intrinsically suited for multiclass problems. For multiclass problems, you will need to reduce them into multiple binary
classification problems. We can tune and optimize the parameters and compare random forest and Decision tree classifiers and
linear discrimination analysis algorithms with the confusion matrix and other performance metrics like accuracy, precision, and
recall.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 705
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

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