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Network Layer

The document outlines the OSI 7 layers, focusing on the Network layer and its associated devices. It explains IP addressing, including IPv4 and IPv6 formats, types, and classes, as well as the methods for shortening IPv6 addresses. Additionally, it distinguishes between unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic types.

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Abegail Camtugan
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3 views15 pages

Network Layer

The document outlines the OSI 7 layers, focusing on the Network layer and its associated devices. It explains IP addressing, including IPv4 and IPv6 formats, types, and classes, as well as the methods for shortening IPv6 addresses. Additionally, it distinguishes between unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic types.

Uploaded by

Abegail Camtugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK LAYER

OSI 7 LAYERS

LAYER NAME
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
LAYER 3 DEVICES
TRAFFIC TYPES

• Unicast Traffic – One-to-one


• Multicast Traffic – One-to-many
• Broadcast Traffic – One-to-all
IP ADDRESS

• An IP address uniquely identifies a network interface in a


device.
• It is needed to be allocated on the devices to be able to
communicate with each other in the network and out the
Internet.
IPV4 ADDRESS

• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address is a 32-bit, set


of four numbers in decimal format. X.X.X.X
• Each set is separated by a dot. Thus, the term ‘dotted
decimal format.’
• Each set is called an ‘octet’ because a set is composed of
8 bits.
IPV4 ADDRESS

• A number in an octet can range from 0 to 255. Therefore,


the full IPv4 address space goes from 0.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.255.
• Example: 192.168.0.123
BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

• 192.168.0.123
• 1100 0000.1010 1000.0000 0000.0111 1011

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
IPV4 ADDRESS TYPES

• Public IP Addresses – used to route Internet traffic. This


is used on the Internet and is given out by Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) to their customers.
• Private IP Addresses – used in private networks for
internal traffic within the LAN. Private addresses are not
routable out the Internet.
IPV4 ADDRESS CLASSES

• Class A – 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255


• Class B – 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
• Class C – 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
• Class D – 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 for Multicast
• Class E – 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 for Experiments
PRIVATE IPV4 ADDRESS CLASSES

• Class A - 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255


Default Subnet Mask: /8 (255.0.0.0)
• Class B - 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Default Subnet Mask: /16 (255.255.0.0)
• Class C - 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
Default Subnet Mask: /24 (255.255.255.0)
IPV6 ADDRESS

• IPv6 uses a 128 bit address


• The address is written as X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X
• Each set (hextet) is a 16 bit hexadecimal field.
• Hex values are 0-9, A-F
• Example: 2001:0DB8:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0001
IPV6 ADDRESS SHORTENING

• The IPv6 address is very long. There are a couple of ways


we can shorten it to make things more convenient
• Address shortening is a standard convention and
supported by all vendor’s devices
• Leading zeros in each field can be removed
• 2001:0DB8:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0001 can be
written as 2001:DB8:0:1:0:0:0:1
IPV6 ADDRESS SHORTENING

• Successive all zero fields can be shortened to ‘::’


• 2001:0DB8:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0001 can be
written as 2001:DB8:0:1:0:0:0:1 (leading zeros removed)
• And 2001:DB8:0:1:0:0:0:1 can be written as
2001:DB8:0:1::1
IPV6 ADDRESS SHORTENING

• Successive all zero fields can be shortened only once in


an address to avoid confusion
• 2001:0:0:1:0:0:0:B can be shortened to
• 2001::1:0:0:0:B or 2001:0:0:1::B
• It can’t be shortened to 2001::1::B

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