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Matrix Method Gate Notes 10

The Matrix Method is a structural analysis technique used for analyzing indeterminate structures through flexibility and stiffness coefficients. It allows for the determination of redundant forces and facilitates the analysis of large structures like multi-story buildings and bridges. The method is classified into flexibility and stiffness matrix methods, each suitable for different types of static and kinematic indeterminacies.

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5 views4 pages

Matrix Method Gate Notes 10

The Matrix Method is a structural analysis technique used for analyzing indeterminate structures through flexibility and stiffness coefficients. It allows for the determination of redundant forces and facilitates the analysis of large structures like multi-story buildings and bridges. The method is classified into flexibility and stiffness matrix methods, each suitable for different types of static and kinematic indeterminacies.

Uploaded by

manikanta1311819
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrix Method

The Matrix method of structural analysis is a method used for the analysis of
indeterminate structures. A matrix is a tool for solving many civil engineering analysis
problems. And elements of the matrix are based on either flexibility or stiffness
coefficients. Based on the coefficient used as the matrix element, it can be classified
as the flexibility and stiffness matrix methods. The matrix method is essential for the
GATE question paper. These coefficients are based on the compatibility conditions
of the structure.

These methods analyse large structures, like multi-story buildings, railway bridges,
and other large structures where analysis becomes complex. With the help of these
methods, redundant forces can be determined in a structure, and with the help of
that, forces and displacement analysis can be done.

Solution of an Equation by Matrix Method


Matrix methods are based on matrix algebra, and the matrix elements are flexibility
and stiffness coefficients. These coefficients are based on the compatibility
conditions of the indeterminate structure. Using various matrix operations, these
unknown elements (redundant forces or displacements) can be found easily, and
structural analysis can be done with the help of that. Matrix operation consists of
addition, subtraction, etc. A system of linear equations in the matrix method of
analysis can be solved with the help of these matrix operations.
What are the Different Types of Matrix Methods?
In the case of the matrix method, unknown parameters of structures are solved with
the help of matrix concepts. Based on the parameters of the matrix element, it is
classified as the flexibility matrix method and displacement matrix method.
Various matrix methods are mentioned in the GATE ME syllabus. These methods
are described below:

Flexibility Matrix Method

The flexibility matrix method is also a method of analysis of indeterminate structures.


This method comes under the force method of analysis. In this method, forces are
taken as unknown, and equations are expressed in terms of these forces. An
additional compatibility condition equation is developed to find all the unknown
forces. This method is suitable when the static indeterminacy is less than kinematic
indeterminacy.

Flexibility (δ)

Flexibility is defined as the displacement produced due to unit force. It is the inverse
of stiffness. Flexibility for various cases is as follows

(1) Axial flexibility= L/AE


(2) Transverse flexibility= L3/12AE

(3) Flexural flexibility= L/4AE

(4) Torsional flexibility= L/GJ

Displacement or Stiffness Matrix Method

The stiffness matrix method comes under the displacement method of analysis of
indeterminate structures. In this method, displacements at the joints are taken as
unknowns, and equations are expressed in terms of these unknown displacements.
Additional joint equilibrium equations are developed to find the unknown
displacement. This method is suitable when the Kinematic indeterminacy is less than
the static indeterminacy.

Stiffness (k)

It is the load required to produce unit displacement. The stiffness for various cases is
as follows.

(1) Axial stiffness (k11) = AE/L

(2) Transverse stiffness (k22) = 12EI/L3

(3) Flexural stiffness (k33) = 4EI/L

(4) Torsional stiffness (k44) = GJ/L

Advantages of Matrix Methods of Analysis


As we know, the concept of matrix algebra can be used in the matrix method of
analysis of indeterminate structures. Hence it provides a well-defined approach to
solving the unknowns of equations used in the GATE exam. In the case of
indeterminate structures, compatibility equations are also used along with the
equilibrium equations for the analysis. Some advantages of this method are listed
below:

• These methods are based on the matrix, giving a simpler procedure for analysing
indeterminate structures.
• Computer programming for this method can be written, so these methods can solve
complex equations.

Matrix Method Example


As we have discussed, the matrix method for analysing indeterminate structures can
be used for solving complex equations. So, it is very important to understand this
method. Analysis of indeterminate structures by matrix method is based on finding
out the flexibility or stiffness coefficients. Here an example is shown that illustrates
the concept of these coefficients.

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