• Illustrates random sampling;

• distinguishes between parameter and

statistic;
• identifies sampling distributions of
statistics (sample mean);
• finds the mean and variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.
1. Group the class into two with equal group
members.
2. We have two cards here, draw a card. The
group will have to divide the members
according to the subgroups of the category.
3. The group will have to divide the members
according to the subgroups of the category.
4. Answer the questions that follow.
1. Why is creating a subgroup important?
2. Give another category and subgroups
that can be formed that apply to the
whole class. Ex. Gender
3. What are the different groups to which
you can divide a population composed
of senior high school students?
I know you have your “Practical Research” subject. What
comes into your mind whenever you heard the word
“SAMPLING”.
In modern statistics, the main object to be analyzed is
data.

Sample - part/portion/fraction/segment of the

population being studied.

Population - the whole universe or consists of all

elements or totality of things considered in a study.
Survey – method of systematically gathering of
information

Sample survey - method of systematically gathering

of information on a segment/part/fraction/portion of
a population for the purpose of inferring quantitative
descriptors of the attributes of the population
Sampling - process of selecting a section of
the population

Random – the outcome is obtained only by

chance
Random Sampling – method of choosing an equally
distributed subset/portion from a larger population to
be used as basis in describing or making conclusions
about the population.

Statistical Inference - process of using sample

statistics to draw conclusions
about true population parameters
Probability Sampling
It is a sampling method that allows every
member of the population to have an equal
chance of being selected into the sample.
Get 1/8 piece of paper, write your name.

I will pick 5 learners who will have a

recitation chip.
Simple random sampling
(SRS)
involves allowing each possible sample to
have an equal chance of being picked and
every member of the population has an equal
chance of being included in the sample.
• with replacement (selected individual or
unit is returned to frame for possible
reselection).

• without replacement (selected individual

or unit is not returned to the frame).
• This sampling method requires a
listing of the elements of the
population called the sampling
frame.
Stratified sampling
is an extension of simple random sampling
which allows for different homogeneous
groups, called strata, in the population to be
represented in the sample.
 I will state a category and
group yourselves according to
that category.
• To obtain a stratified sample, the population is
divided into two or more strata based on
common characteristics.
• A SRS is then used to select from each strata,
with sample sizes proportional to strata sizes.
• Samples from the strata are then combined into
one.
Using stratified random
City Population (N)
sampling, select a sample of
387 students from the A 13,000
population which are
grouped according to the B 10,500
cities they come from. The
table shows the number of C 8,000
students per city. D 5,000
City Population (N) Sample (𝒏𝟏 )
13,000
A 13,000 (387) =
36,500
10,500
B 10,500 (387) =
36,500
8,000
C 8,000 (387) =
36,500
5,000
D 5,000 (387) =
36,500
Systematic sampling
elements are selected from the population at a
uniform interval that is measured in time, order, or
space. Typically, there is firstly, a decision on a desired
sample size n. The frame of N units is then divided into
groups of k units: k=N/n. Then, one unit is randomly
selected from the first group, with every kth unit
thereafter also selected.
800 math students, take a systematic sample
size n = 24, starting with student 5.
𝑁
Formula: k =
𝑛
k = systematic sampling
N = population size
n = sample size
Cluster sampling
divides the population into groups called
clusters, selects a random sample of clusters, and
then, subjects the sampled clusters to complete
enumeration, that is everyone in the sampled
clusters are made part of the sample.
It is a sampling method that does
not allow every member of the
population to have an equal chance
of being selected into the sample.
Haphazard or accidental
sampling involves an unsystematic
selection of sample units. Only those whom
the researcher meets by chance are included
in the sample when using this technique.
In convenience sampling, sample
units that are expedient/near/easy to access
to the sampler are taken. The most
convenient and fastest sampling technique
that make use the telephone, mobile phones,
or the internet.
For volunteer sampling, sample units
are volunteers in studies wherein the
measuring process is painful or troublesome
to a respondent.
Purposive sampling pertains to having an
expert select a representative sample based on his own
subjective judgment or his own purpose for the study.
Used in very small sample sizes. For example, this can
be used if the subjects of the study are deans certain
universities or area managers of certain institutions.
Purposive sampling pertains to having an
expert select a representative sample based on his own
subjective judgment or his own purpose for the study.
Used in very small sample sizes. For example, this can
be used if the subjects of the study are deans certain
universities or area managers of certain institutions.
Now that we have discussed the different
sampling techniques, the next thing we need to
determine is the sample size.