Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Dr. Niayesh Gharaei

Week 6:

Windows Application in Visual Studio

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 Windows Application
Form Designer: This is the graphical interface where you design the user interface of your application.

• Drag and Drop controls from the Toolbox (TextBoxes, Buttons, Labels, etc.).

• Customize properties of controls (e.g., changing names, text, size).

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 Designing the Interface to Add two numbers
➢ Controls to add:

1. TextBox (txtNumber1) for the first number.

2. TextBox (txtNumber2) for the second number.

3. Button (btnAdd) to trigger the addition action.

4. Label (lblResult) to display the result.

➢ Customization:

1. Set the button text to "Add".

2. Clear the label's default text.

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 Writing the Code (Event Handling)
➢ Double-click on the Add button to open the Click Event Handler.

➢ Event-driven programming: Handling user actions with button clicks and text input.

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Lets Write Together...

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 Lets Write Together...

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (txtNumber1.Text == "hello123")
{
l.Text = "Welcome!!!";
}
else
{
l.Text = "Password is not correct!";
}
}

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Lets Write Together...

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double num1 = double.Parse(txtNumber1.Text);
double num2 = double.Parse(txtNumber2.Text);
double result = 0;
if (rbSum.Checked)
{ result = num1 + num2;
}
else if (rbMultiply.Checked)
{ result = num1 * num2;
}
else if (rbSubtract.Checked)
{ result = num1 - num2;
}
else if (rbDivision.Checked)
{
if (num2 != 0)
result = num1 / num2;
else
MessageBox.Show("Cannot divide by zero!", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Please select an operation.", "Warning", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
return;
}
txtResult.Text = result.ToString(); 11
Week 6:

Object Oriented Programming

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 OOP
➢ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on Classes and objects.

➢ OOP allows for better code organization, reusability, and scalability.

➢ C# is a strongly-typed, OOP-based language.

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 Why Use Classes?

➢ Code Reusability: Write code once and reuse it multiple times.

➢ Modularity: Break down a program into smaller, manageable pieces.

➢ Encapsulation: Protect data and control access through methods.

➢ Abstraction: Hide complex details while exposing only relevant functionality.

➢ Scalability: Make programs easier to maintain and extend.

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 Classes and Objects in C#

➢ A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

➢ An object is an instance of a class.

Class

Object

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 Classes and Objects in C#

➢ A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

➢ An object is an instance of a class.

Attributes or the variables belongs to a Class

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 Classes and Objects in C#

➢ A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

➢ An object is an instance of a class.

Method or the Functions belongs to a Cla

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 Classes and Objects in C#

➢ A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

➢ An object is an instance of a class.

Instances from Class (myCar)

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 Principles of OOP

1. Encapsulation - Hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary components.

2. Inheritance - Reusing and extending existing classes.

3. Polymorphism - The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class.

4. Abstraction - Hiding complex implementation and exposing essential details.

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 Encapsulation

➢ Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

➢ It refers to the practice of restricting direct access to certain details of an object and only exposing necessary

functionality.

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 Why Encapsulation?

➢ Data Hiding: Prevents unintended modifications of data.

➢ Improved Security: Restricts access to sensitive information.

➢ Modularity: Makes code easier to manage and maintain.

➢ Flexibility: Allows controlled data access through getter and setter methods.

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Encapsulation in C# (Example)

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Encapsulation in C# (Example)

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Encapsulation in C# (Another Example)

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 Question

Write a C# program that demonstrates encapsulation by creating a BankAccount class. The class should have:
1.Private fields:

•accountNumber (string) – Stores the account number.

•balance (double) – Stores the account balance.

2.Public methods:
•SetAccountNumber(string accNum): Sets the account number (ensure it's not empty).
•GetAccountNumber(): Returns the account number.
•Deposit(double amount): Adds money to the balance (ensure the amount is positive).
•Withdraw(double amount): Deducts money from the balance (ensure sufficient funds).
•GetBalance(): Returns the account balance.
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Answer

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Answer

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 Question

Write a C# program that demonstrates encapsulation by creating a Rectangle class.

The class should have:
➢ Private fields:
1. length (double) – Stores the length of the rectangle.
2. width (double) – Stores the width of the rectangle.
➢ Public methods:
1. SetLength(double len): Sets the length (ensure it's positive).
2. SetWidth(double wid): Sets the width (ensure it's positive).
3. GetLength(): Returns the length.
4. GetWidth(): Returns the width.
5. CalculateArea(): Returns the area of the rectangle.
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Question

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Question

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 Question
Create a C++ class Circle that encapsulates the radius of a circle and provides the following
functionalities:
1. Private data member radius (to store the radius).
2. Public setter and getter methods:
• setRadius(double r): Sets the radius (ensure the radius is positive).
• getRadius(): Returns the radius.
3. Public methods:
• calculateArea(): Returns the area of the circle.
• calculateCircumference(): Returns the circumference of the circle.

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 Encapsulation Using Properties
C# provides properties to enforce encapsulation more cleanly:

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