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12

6  homologous series is a family of organic compounds whose members have similar chemical
A
properties.

(a) Give two characteristics that are the same for all members of a homologous series.

1 ..same general formula

................................................................................................................................................

2 ..they have the same functional group

................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) In terms of structure, state how one member of a homologous series differs from the next
member of that homologous series.

..there functional group

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) 
A, B and C are organic compounds.

A has the molecular formula C12H24.



B has the name tetradecane.



C has three carbon atoms and is in the homologous series with the general formula

CnH2n+1COOH.

(i) Name the homologous series each organic compound belongs to.

alkene
A ..........................................................................................................................................
alkane
B ..........................................................................................................................................
Carboxylic acid
C ..........................................................................................................................................
 [3]

(ii) Name C and draw its displayed formula.

name ..propaxcylic acid

..................................................................................................................................

displayed formula

[2]

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(d) A
 mino acids are a homologous series where each member has the general structure shown in
Fig. 6.1.

The R side chain contains carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

H R O
N C C

H H O H

Fig. 6.1

(i) An amino acid has a relative molecular mass of 103.

Deduce the formula of the R side chain in this amino acid.

Show your working.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) State the name given to the natural polyamides formed from amino acid monomers.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

 [Total: 11]

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 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2023
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/42/O/N/23
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
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,

5 Alkenes are manufactured by cracking larger alkane molecules.

(a) State the source of the large alkane molecules used in cracking.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State two conditions needed for cracking large alkane molecules.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) When one molecule of dodecane, C12H26, is cracked, three molecules of but-1-ene and one
other product are formed.

(i) Use molecular formulae to complete the symbol equation for this reaction.

C12H26 → ....................................... + .......................................

[2]

(ii) Suggest the type of chemical reaction which happens during cracking.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Propene will undergo polymerisation.

(i) Suggest the name of the polymer formed from propene.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw part of this polymer molecule to show three repeat units.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[3]

(iii) State the type of polymerisation propene undergoes.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 11]

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6 Polyamides and polyesters are polymers.

Polyamides can occur naturally or can be manufactured.

(a) Part of the structure of a polyamide is shown in Fig. 6.1.

O O O O O

C C N N C C N N C

H H H H

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Fig. 6.1

(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw a circle around one amide linkage. [1]

(ii) Complete Fig. 6.2 to show the structures of the two monomers needed to make the
polymer in Fig. 6.1.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the functional groups.

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Fig. 6.2
[2]

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(iii) Name the other product formed in this polymerisation.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the term given to natural polyamides.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Name the type of monomers which are used to make natural polyamides.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
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15
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,

(vi) One of the monomers which forms part of a natural polyamide has three carbon atoms.

Complete Fig. 6.3 to show the displayed formula of this monomer.

C
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 6.3
[3]

(b) PET is a polyester.

(i) Name the two types of monomer molecules needed to make polyesters.

............................................................... and ................................................................ [2]

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(ii) Draw part of the structure of PET which shows two repeat units.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.

[3]

[Total: 14]
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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
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7 Many organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen only.

(a) (i) An organic compound A has the following composition by mass.

C, 83.33%; H, 16.67%

Calculate the empirical formula of compound A.

 empirical formula = .............................. [3]

(ii) Compound B has the empirical formula C2H5 and a relative molecular mass of 58.

Determine the molecular formula of compound B.

 molecular formula = .............................. [2]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a section of a polymer formed from an alkene.

(i) Identify the functional group in alkenes that reacts when alkenes form polymers.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) A section of a polymer is shown in Fig. 7.1.

C 2H 5 H C 2H 5 H

C C C C

H H H H

Fig. 7.1

● Draw the displayed formula of the monomer that forms this polymer.

● Name the monomer used to form this polymer.

..............................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(c) Alkenes are produced by cracking alkanes.

When C12H26 is cracked, the products are ethene and an alkane which form in a 2 : 1 mole ratio.

Write a symbol equation for this reaction.

C12H26 → ........................ + ................................................... [2]

(d) (i) State the general formula for alcohols.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Draw the displayed formula of one alcohol with the molecular formula C3H8O. Name the
alcohol you have drawn.

name of alcohol ...................................................................................................................

[2]

 [Total: 14]

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7 This question is about organic compounds.

(a) Propane and chlorine react at room temperature. An equation for the reaction is shown.

C3H8 + Cl 2 → C3H7Cl + HCl

(i) State the condition required for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Draw the displayed formulae of two structural isomers with the formula C3H7Cl.

[2]

(b) Alkenes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(i) State two characteristics that all members of the same homologous series have in
common.

1 ..same general formula

.........................................................................................................................................
same functional group
2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Addition polymers are made from alkenes.

Complete Fig. 7.1 to show one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from but-2-ene.

C C

Fig. 7.1
[2]

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(c) A repeat unit of a condensation polymer is shown in Fig. 7.2.

The polymer is made from two monomers.

O O

C CH2 C O CH2CH2 O

Fig. 7.2

(i) Draw the structures of the monomers used to produce the polymer in Fig. 7.2.

[2]

(ii) Name the type of condensation polymer in Fig. 7.2.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Name the two homologous series to which the monomers in (i) belong.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

 [Total: 12]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0620/43/M/J/23