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Experiment 1 - Diffusion in Liquid

The document outlines an experiment conducted at Al Balqa Applied University to determine the diffusion coefficient of a 1 M NaCl solution. It discusses the theory of mass transfer and diffusion, detailing the apparatus used, which includes a glass diffusion cell and conductivity meter. The experiment aims to monitor the conductivity changes as diffusion occurs, ensuring uniform concentration through agitation.

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Mariem Al Ali
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4 views5 pages

Experiment 1 - Diffusion in Liquid

The document outlines an experiment conducted at Al Balqa Applied University to determine the diffusion coefficient of a 1 M NaCl solution. It discusses the theory of mass transfer and diffusion, detailing the apparatus used, which includes a glass diffusion cell and conductivity meter. The experiment aims to monitor the conductivity changes as diffusion occurs, ensuring uniform concentration through agitation.

Uploaded by

Mariem Al Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/15/2024

Al Balqa Applied University


Faculty of Engineering Technology
Chemical Engineering Department

Separation Lab
Experiment 1

Liquid diffusion

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 1

Objective:

To determine the Diffusion Coefficient of (1 M)


NaCl solution.

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 2

1
10/15/2024

Theory:
When a concentration gradient exists within a
fluid consisting of two or more components,
there is a tendency for each constituent to
flow in such a direction as to reduce the
concentration gradient.

This is known as mass transfer.


It takes place in either a gas or a liquid
phase or in both phases simultaneously.

3
Dr. Enshirah Da'na

Consider the diffusion of molecules when the bulk


fluid is stationary.
Diffusion of the molecules is due to a concentration
gradient.
𝒅𝑪
𝑱 = −𝑫 (𝟏)
𝒅𝒙
J = diffusion flux across unit area to the x direction,
mol/cm2s

D = diffusivity, cm2/s
𝒅𝑪
= concentration gradient mol/cm4
𝒅𝒙
Dr. Enshirah Da'na 4

2
10/15/2024

By expanding Eq. (1) using respective terms


𝒅𝒄
constitutive relations, we get 𝑱 = −𝑫 (𝟏)
𝒅𝒙

𝑽 𝒅𝒌 𝝅𝒅𝟐 𝑪
= −𝑫 𝑵 (𝟐)
𝒄𝑴 𝒅𝒕 𝟒 𝒙

Rearranging:
𝟒𝑽𝒙 𝒅𝒌
𝑫= (𝟑)
𝝅𝒅𝟐 𝑵𝑪𝒄𝑴 𝒅𝒕

V = volume of water in diffusion vessel, L


x = length of capillaries, cm
d = capillaries diameter, cm
N = number of capillaries
C = molar concentration of NaCl solution, mol/L
cM = conductivity change per unit molar concentration
change, 0.112 = μS/mol/L
dK/dt = rate of conductivity change over time

5
Dr. Enshirah Da'na

Apparatus:
The apparatus consist of a glass diffusion cell
mounted on top of an acrylic vessel that is stirred
by battery operated magnetic stirrer.

Conductivity of the
vessel contents is
monitored using the
supply conductivity
meter and electrode.

6
Dr. Enshirah Da'na

3
10/15/2024

A small volume of concentrated solution is


placed on one side of the honeycomb of
capillaries, inside the glass diffusion cell,
whilst the other side consists initially of a
large volume of pure solvent (water).

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 7

As diffusion of the solute occurs the


concentration within the larger volume increases
and is monitored with a conductivity meter.

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 8

4
10/15/2024

The mixture is continuously agitated with a


magnetic stirrer to ensure uniform
concentration within the bulk liquid.

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 9

Apparatus may be used with any required


aqueous system for introductory studies, (1
M or 0.1 M) solutions of sodium chloride are
recommended for which conductivity data is
provided.

Dr. Enshirah Da'na 10

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